Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the growth and beta-carotene production of Rhodotorula glutinis

The effects of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the biomass and beta-carotene biosynthesis of Rhodotorula glutinis R68 were studied. After treatment with five repeated cycles at 300 MPa for 15 min, the barotolerant mutant PR68 was obtained. After 72 h of culture, the biomass of mutant PR68 was 21.6 g/l, decreased by 8.5% compared to the parental strain R68, but its beta-carotene production reached 19.4 mg/l, increased by 52.8% compared to the parental strain R68. The result of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis suggested that mutant strain PR68 was likely to change in nucleic acid level, and thus enhanced beta-carotene production in this strain as a result of gene mutation induced by HHP treatment.     

甘油与氯化钠模型热反应中生成3-氯-1,2-丙二醇的研究

以甘油、氯化钠、水为原料建立热反应模型,结合气相色谱-质谱法（gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS）分析,对其生成的3-氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）进行了研究。通过正交实验,考察了反应时间、温度和各原料用量对3-MCPD生成量的影响,同时研究了在热反应模型中分别加入不同种类单糖和氨基酸后3-MCPD生成量的变化规律,并对其反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,反应时间2h、反应温度140℃、甘油用量0.05g（占原料总量0.31%）、NaCl用量1.0g（6.23%）、水用量15g（93.46%）,3-MCPD生成量最少;葡萄糖、果糖、木糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、缬氨酸、精氨酸、赖氨酸、丝氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、组氨酸使3-MCPD的生成量减少;谷氨酸、蛋氨酸、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸使3-MCPD的生成量增加;半胱氨酸、酪氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸对3-MCPD的生成无明显作用。      

食用油脂中芥酸的测定方法进展

目前已有许多关于食用油脂中芥酸测定的各种方法的报道,这些方法包括:气相色谱法、薄层色谱法、纸层析法、高效液相色谱法、质谱法、滴定法、分光光度法、浊度法和这些方法联用。给出了这些方法的重要操作条件和特点,并叙述了脂肪酸甲酯的快速制备方法。引用参考文献32篇。     

基于傅里叶变换红外光谱的食用油质量安全检测技术研究进展

为了进一步拓展傅里叶变换红外（Fourier transform infrared,FTIR）光谱技术在食用油分析和检测中的应 用范围,本文综述了近年来FTIR光谱技术在食用油品质分析和安全检测方面的研究进展。其中品质分析包括理化 指标（过氧化值、反式脂肪酸含量、游离脂肪酸含量、水分体积分数、碘值、羰基值及多指标分析和检测）和氧化 稳定性;安全检测即食用油真伪鉴别。通过对光谱采集、光谱范围选择、数据处理及基底效应消除等方面进行分析 和探讨,以期为FTIR光谱技术在食用油质量安全检测方面的进一步应用提供参考。     

基于电子鼻、HS-GC-IMS、HS-SPME-GC-MS技术联用分析不同发酵年份老香黄挥发性成分差异

基于电子鼻、顶空气相离子迁移谱（HS-GC-IMS）和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱技术联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）分析不同发酵年份老香黄挥发性成分变化,并结合正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）法区分不同发酵年份老香黄。电子鼻主成分分析能明显区分发酵与未发酵的老香黄,两者风味差异较大,老香黄发酵3年和4年的风味成分最为相似,而其余发酵年份风味存在较大差异。HS-GC-IMS定性检测出39种挥发性成分,包括萜烯类、醇类、醛类、酯类、酮类、酚类、酸类、杂环化合物和其它共9类。HS-SPME-GC-MS则一共鉴别出50种挥发性成分,包括萜烯类、醇类、醛类、酚类、酯类、醚类、杂环化合物和其它共8类。α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、月桂烯、萜品油烯、柠檬烯、异松油烯、1-石竹烯、巴伦西亚橘烯、芳樟醇、α-松油醇、糠醛、麦芽酚、茴香脑、2,4-二甲基苯乙烯为14种共有挥发性成分,经OPLS-DA模型筛选出8种标志性挥发性化合物（VIP>1)。综上,未发酵和发酵1~5年的老香黄风味存在较大差异,筛选出的8种挥发性成分为区别不同年份老香黄提供一定依据。     

Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Acetobacter pasteurianus predominate during well-performed Malaysian cocoa bean box fermentations,underlining the importance of these microbial species for a successful cocoa bean fermentation process

Two spontaneous Malaysian cocoa bean box fermentations (one farm, two plantation plots) were investigated. Physical parameters, microbial community dynamics, yeast and bacterial species diversity [mainly lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB)], and metabolite kinetics were monitored, and chocolates were produced from the respective fermented dry cocoa beans. Similar microbial growth and metabolite profiles were obtained for the two fermentations. Low concentrations of citric acid were found in the fresh pulp, revealing low acidity of the raw material. The main end-products of the catabolism of the pulp substrates glucose, fructose, and citric acid by yeasts, LAB, and AAB were ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, and/or mannitol. Hanseniaspora opuntiae, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Acetobacter pasteurianus were the prevalent species of the two fermentations. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pentosus, and Acetobacter ghanensis were also found during the mid-phase of the fermentation processes. Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides and Acetobacter senegalensis were among the prevailing species during the initial phase of the fermentations. Tatumella saanichensis and Enterobacter sp. were present in the beginning of the fermentations and they could be responsible for the degradation of citric acid and/or the production of gluconic acid and lactic acid, respectively. The presence of facultative heterofermentative LAB during the fermentations caused a high production of lactic acid. Finally, as these fermentations were carried out with high-quality raw material and were characterised by a restricted microbial species diversity, resulting in successfully fermented dry cocoa beans and good chocolates produced thereof, it is likely that the prevailing species H. opuntiae, S. cerevisiae, Lb. fermentum, and A. pasteurianus were responsible for it.     

Identification and quantification by LC–MS/MS of a new precursor of 3-mercaptohexan-1-ol (3MH) using stable isotope dilution assay: Elements for understanding the 3MH production in wine

The isotopically labelled S-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione d₂/d₃ (G3MHd₂/d₃) was synthesized with a strategy based on acid-labile protecting groups. The natural analogue of this compound could be a precursor of 3-mercaptohexanol, a varietal thiol reminiscent of grape fruit, released during alcoholic fermentation. In a first time, deuterated glutathione conjugate was used to perform identification and quantification by stable isotope dilution assay of G3MH in musts from several varieties: Sauvignon, Riesling and Gewurztraminer.