混凝-吸附法在垃圾渗滤液预处理中的应用研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种较难处理的废水,本文通过混凝一吸附法的预处理实验研究,结果表明:当硫酸铝投量在500mg/L、活性炭投量在30g/L时,可将渗滤液中COD的浓度从1856mg/L降为640mg/L,COD去除率达到66%;渗滤液颜色由原来的深褐色变成无色,色度从3000倍降低到5倍。混凝一吸附法做为一种经济、适用的预处理方法用于处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液是可行的。     

混凝-Fenton法对中晚期垃圾渗滤液预处理研究

利用混凝-Fenton法对中晚期垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究。首先以PAC为混凝剂,PAM为助凝剂对垃圾渗滤液进行混凝处理,然后对混凝后渗滤液进行Fenton氧化。考察混凝剂用量,起始pH值,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比,Fenton试剂投药量和搅拌速度对垃圾渗滤液COD去除的影响,并进行正交试验分析。结果表明:混凝法的最佳投药量为1 L渗滤液投加1.5 g PAC和5 mg PAM;Fenton法的最佳条件为:起始pH值为3,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比为8∶1,Fenton试剂投药量为135 g/L,搅拌速度为150 r/min;各因素对Fenton试验影响大小为:起始pH值Fenton试剂投药量搅拌速度。在最佳条件下,混凝-Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液COD去除率可达91.41%。     

Mature landfill leachate treatment from an abandoned municipal waste disposal site

We investigated treatment techniques for the leachates derived from an abandoned waste disposal landfill facility known as Nan Ji Do in Seoul, Korea. To this end, the general characteristics of those leachates were carefully examined. The feasibility of leachate handling techniques was then examined through an application of both offand on-site processes as a combination of direct treatment methods and/or pretreatment options. They include operation of such systems or methods as: (1) activated sludge process, (2) adsorption-flocculation methods, and (3) anaerobic digestion. When the fundamental factors associated with the operation of an activated sludge process were tested by a simulated system in the laboratory, those applications were found to be efficient at leachate addition of up to 1%. Application of adsorption/precipitation method was also tested as the pretreatment option for leachates by using both powdered activated carbon (PAC) as adsorbent and aluminum sulfate (alum) as flocculant. Results of this test indicated that the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was optimized at PAC and alum contents of 100 to 300 mg/L, respectively. In addition, an anaerobic digester also examined the effect of leachate components on the rate of anaerobic digestion. According to our study, treatment and pretreatment options investigated were, in general, effective enough to reduce the rate of organic loading and the occurrences of hazardous incidents.     

垃圾渗滤液处理中混凝剂的筛选及复配

采用正交试验,对高浓度有毒有害垃圾渗滤液进行混凝预处理。对单组分混凝剂进行筛选,通过处理垃圾液COD去除率进行评价,得出单组分最佳用量为1 250 mg/L（PAC）、1 500 mg/L（PFS）、50 mg/L（PAM）。对3种混凝剂进行双组分及多组分的复配,确定复配的最佳剂量比值为PAC/PFS/PAM=1︰1︰1。实验结果表明,复配的混凝剂比单组分混凝剂的垃圾液预处理效果明显提升。     

PAC+FBR处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

由于垃圾渗滤液COD、NH4-N浓度高,并且含有重金属等有毒污染物,通常,单纯的生物处理方式效果并不理想.高COD浓度的垃圾渗滤液经混凝沉淀后,调节pH=12,进行氨吹脱,经此预处理后的垃圾渗滤液,进行Fed-Batch Reactor(FBR)好氧生物处理,比较投加粉末活性碳(PAC)和不投加两种情况下对COD和NH4-N去除效果.当PAC投加量为2 g/L时,COD去除率达86 %,NH4-N去除率达26 %.     

混凝-芬顿法在垃圾渗滤液预处理中的比较研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种较难处理的废水,本文采用混凝法、Fenton氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究,通过单因素试验结果分析可知：当10%PFS投药量为1.2 g/L,搅拌转速为350 r/min,pH值为7,沉淀时间为120 min时,COD的去除率达到最佳,最高可以达到47.1%,色度去除率达到52.7%。采用芬顿法时当pH值为3,H2O2投加量为6 mL/L,反应时间为90 min,n（H2O2）/n（Fe2＋）为8∶1,COD的去除率达到最佳,COD和色度去除率分别可达45.6%和93.8%。综合比较在预处理中运用混凝法无论在工艺还是经济方面都是比较可行的。     

聚铁混凝法深度处理老龄垃圾渗滤液的工程应用运行分析

将聚铁混凝工艺成功应用于老龄垃圾渗滤液的深度处理,对渗滤液生化处理出水的COD去除率可达65%以上,总结了近400 d的运行情况,分析了反应pH、进水pH和进水COD对COD去除率的影响。结果表明,进水pH（≤8.5）和进水COD（≤850 mg/L）对COD去除率的影响不大,聚铁混凝的最适反应pH范围较宽,在3.3~5.6之间,但反应pH大于6.0时COD去除率会急剧降低。     

微电解-Fenton氧化法去除垃圾渗滤液中有机物

采用Fe/C微电解和Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化联合工艺对垃圾渗滤液进行处理,研究了废水初始pH、药剂投加量、药剂投加比例和反应时间等对处理效果的影响,获得Fe/C微电解处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件:初始pH=3、m(Fe)/m(C)为4、ρ(Fe/C)为0.6 g/L、反应时间为60 min,处理后COD降至5 960 mg/L,COD去除率达51.8%。Fe/C微电解-Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件:在Fe/C微电解最佳条件下,H2 O2投加量为11 mL/L,反应时间为100 min,出水COD为4 480 mg/L,COD总去除率为63.8%。垃圾渗滤液中的腐殖酸类有机质经过Fe/C微电解或微电解-Fenton氧化处理后变成小分子产物,与Fe/C微电解相比,Fenton氧化对腐殖酸等大分子有机质有更强的氧化降解效果。     

PAC混凝-粉煤灰吸附对老龄垃圾渗滤液预处理的研究

老龄垃圾渗滤液是国际公认的难处理的废水。本文针对广州李坑垃圾填填场处理渗滤液困难的问题,在分析渗滤液水质的基础上,进行了混凝-粉煤灰吸附的预处理实验研究。研究结果表明,当PAC投量在350mg／L、粉煤灰投量在8．0g／L时,可将渗滤液中CODcr的浓度从1987mg·L-1降为516．2mg·L-1,CODcr 去除率达到74％,渗滤液颜色由原来的深褐色变成浅灰色,可生化性指数BOD5／CODcr由0．19提高到0．35。研究表明,PAC混凝-粉煤灰吸附做为一种经济、灵活的预处理工艺用于处理“老龄”填埋场渗滤液是可行的。     

MAP法处理高浓度氨氮老龄垃圾渗滤液研究

针对老龄垃圾渗滤液中的高浓度氨氮,采用MAP法进行去除研究。结果表明,在pH为9.5,P∶N∶Mg摩尔比为1.0∶1.0∶1.3,搅拌速度为240 r/min,分两次投加镁盐,在总反应时间为50 min的条件下,NH3-N去除率可以达到94.1%,COD去除率为14.9%。处理后垃圾渗滤液的NH3-N值为97 mg/L,COD值为3086 mg/L,降低了后续处理负荷。     

垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液生化出水混凝处理及其模型的建立

对采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸铝和氯化铁等混凝剂处理焚烧厂垃圾渗滤液生化出水的混凝效果及其模型进行了研究.结果表明:聚合氯化铝对焚烧厂垃圾渗滤液中CODCr、色度和浊度的去除效果比硫酸铝和氯化铁要好,且投加量相对也较少.在投加量500 mg/L、中性条件下,CODCr、浊度和色度的去除率可分别达到28.9%、91.6%和77.6%.在不同投药量、pH和搅拌速度下,PAC保持了良好的污染物去除效果,而对硫酸铝和氯化铁的处理效果影响较大.各种混凝剂的最佳投药量与起始CODCr浓度之间的关系可采用指数关系式表达.通过对PAC在各条件下混凝效果的统计分析,采用Matlab优化工具软件,建立了垃圾焚烧厂垃圾渗滤液PAC混凝处理的处理效果数学模式方程,其与试验结果的相关系数可达到0.982,表明建立的模型与混凝处理效果较为一致.     

Removal of organic matter by coagulation enhanced with adsorption on PAC

The removal of humic acids and phenol from model solution by coagulation and adsorption on powdered activated carbon (PAC) was investigated. A PAX XL-69 polyaluminum chloride was applied as a coagulant. The adsorption of humic acids and phenol on activated carbon for single- and bi- component solutions was studied. It was found that coagulation without PAC addition was less effective than the adsorption-coagulation integrated system. Coagulation enhanced with adsorption on activated carbon was more effective when coagulation was preceded by adsorption than when the two processes were carried out simultaneously. The best results were obtained at pH 7. Phenol and color were removed pletely, UV₂₅₄ absorbance was reduced by about 99% and COD-Mn was reduced by 81-89%.     

高铁酸钾氧化处理危废填埋场渗滤液研究

危废填埋场渗滤液可生化性差,经生化处理后仍难以达到排放标准,本文提出利用高铁酸钾对渗滤液进行氧化处理,并对处理效果进行评价。实验结果表明,高铁酸钾氧化处理渗滤液的最佳条件为:pH=4.00、处理温度为30℃、高铁酸钾的最佳投加量为200 mg/L,在此条件下氧化处理渗滤液40 min,渗滤液COD去除率达到70%左右。     

混凝—臭氧氧化处理垃圾中转站渗滤液的试验研究

以垃圾中转站渗滤液为研究对象,分析了混凝-臭氧氧化工艺对渗滤液COD和色度的影响。结果表明:在pH=11.2,FeCl_3加量为900 mg/L,臭氧反应时间为20 min,臭氧流量为35 mg/L的优化条件下,垃圾中转站渗滤液的COD、色度分别可去除78.39%与95.34,BOD5/COD由反应之前的0.152提升到了0.415,可生化性明显改善。     

Removal of Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from Water: Effect of Nano and Modified Nano-clays as a Flocculation Aid and Adsorbent in Coagulation-flocculation Process

Water treatment process involving simultaneous action of adsorption on different nano and organo-modified nano-clays followed by coagulation-flocculation by alum and poly aluminium chloride (PAC) has been evaluated for the removal of PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, anthracene, and pyrene) from water. When clay minerals along with alum and PAC were used for treatment, 37.4–100.0% removal of PAHs was observed compared to 20–38% removal using normal water treatment process with either alum or alum + PAC. The effectiveness of clay minerals for removal of PAHs followed the order (P < 0.05): halloysitenano-clay (HN-clay) < normal bentonite (NB-clay) < hydrophilic nano-bentonite (HNB-clay) < nano-montmorillonite modified with dimethyl dialkyl amine (DMDA-M-clay) ≈ nano-montmorillonite modified with octadecylamine and aminopropyltriethoxysilane (ODAAPS-M-clay) ≈ nano-montmorillonite modified with octadecylamine (ODA-M-clay) in combination with alum + PAC. The modified treatment process (alum + PAC + clay minerals), where water was initially treated with clays followed by normal process of coagulation (alum + PAC), was found to be the most effective method with maximum removal for ODAAPS-M-clay (97.7–100.0%) which is at par wih ODA-M (97.0–100.0%), and DMDA-M-clay (94.8–100%). The removal of PAHs varied in the order: naphthalene ≈ acenaphthalene > anthracene ≈ pyrene > phenanthrene > fluoranthrene. The treatment combination having the maximum removal capacity was also used eficiently for the removal of PAHs from natural and fortified natural water. This article demonstrated adsorption-coagulation integrated system has the potential to remediate PAHs polluted water.     

改性煤矸石吸附预处理垃圾渗沥液试验研究

利用改性煤矸石预处理垃圾渗沥液,考察了改性煤矸石粒径、投加量及吸附反应时间对废水处理效果的影响。试验结果表明,利用改性煤矸石预处理垃圾渗沥液的最佳试验条件为：在原水COD为6096mg／L,氨氮为31．7mg／L,浊度为19．9NTU时,投加0．1245mm改性煤矸石3g,与50mL废水混合,振荡吸附120min,处理后出水COD为1466mg／L,氨氮为17．2mg／L．浊度为8．1NTU,对COD、氨氮、浊度的去除率分别可达到75．95％、45．74％和59．19％。该项研究为改性煤矸石作为水处理吸附剂在垃圾渗沥液及其他高浓度难降解废水处理中的应用提供了理论依据,同时也为垃圾渗沥液的处理提供一种途径。     

混凝-活性炭吸附处理印染废水的试验研究

利用混凝-活性炭吸附法处理印染废水,研究混凝过程pH,聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量,搅拌时间,沉淀时间和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)投加量对印染废水COD,色度的去除率的影响。考察了吸附过程中溶液pH和吸附剂投加量等因素对印染废水COD,色度去除率的影响,确定了最佳处理条件。结果表明:COD和色度的去除率分别达92.5%,93.7%。     

水性油墨废水混凝工艺的优化研究

采用混凝法对水性油墨废水进行处理,探讨了混凝剂种类及投加量、混凝最佳pH值、助凝剂种类及投加量等因素对混凝效果的影响。结果表明,当混凝剂硫酸亚铁投加量为200 mg/L,助凝剂聚丙烯酰胺投加量为2.5 mg/L,pH值为5,沉降时间为40 min时,处理后的废水色度去除率达97%以上,COD去除率达92%以上。     

复合混凝剂处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的研究

针对垃圾渗滤液的高浓度、难降解、具有生物毒性的特点,采用混凝沉降法对其进行处理,以处理出水的CODcr为处理程度的表征指标。通过正交实验,确定最佳复合混凝剂的试剂用量,比较不同反应条件对CODcr去除率的影响,优化操作条件。实验结果表明,最佳复合混凝剂:1 250 mg/LPAC+1 500 mg/LPFS+50 mg/L PAM;最佳条件:pH=7.0,搅拌时间为15 min,沉降时间为20 min;CODcr去除率达到66.9%。     

新型有机膨润土用于印染废水处理的实验研究

采用二乙烯三胺、环氧氯丙烷合成了一种阳离子型铵盐,用其与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对钠基膨润土进行复合插层改性,制备得到一种新型有机膨润土;以模拟染料废水和实际印染废水为处理对象,使用改性膨润土进行了吸附脱色实验,吸附完成后加入聚合氯化铝混凝。实验结果表明,与单独投加聚合氯化铝相比,采用改性膨润土吸附后再混凝的方法处理废水,可显著提高脱色率和COD去除率;处理活性艳红X-3B、酸性大红GR与活性艳蓝X-BR三种模拟染料废水时,脱色率分别可达99.4%、84.8%和96.1%;以中试规模处理实际印染废水调节池原水时,COD和色度去除率分别可达51.6%和85.9%;处理实际印染废水好氧生化出水,COD可由121.3mg/L降至65.4mg/L,色度由32倍降至8倍以下。