钕和镨共掺杂TiO2光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备纯纳米TiO2、钕和镨掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了催化剂加入量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响.实验结果表明,钕掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性高于纯纳米TiO2的光催化活性,而适量钕镨共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性可进一步提高,最佳掺杂浓度为0.5％的钕和0.2％的镨.当钕和镨共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂加入量为2.0g/L,甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,pH值为10.5时,在40 W紫外灯光照射35 min后降解率最好,可达到93％.     

钕和镨共掺杂TiO2光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯纳米TiO2、钕和镨掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了催化剂加入量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响。实验结果表明,钕掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性高于纯纳米TiO2的光催化活性,而适量钕镨共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性可进一步提高,最佳掺杂浓度为0．5％的钕和0．2％的镨。当钕和镨共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂加入量为2．0g／L,甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度为30mg／L,pH值为10．5时,在40w紫外灯光照射35min后降解率最好,可达到93％。     

纳米TiO_2/硅藻土复合材料光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以提纯硅藻土为载体原料,钛酸四丁酯为TiO_2前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO_2/硅藻土复合材料。通过XRD、SEM对复合材料晶型结构和形貌表征分析,以甲基橙为目标污染物,考察复合材料对甲基橙光催化性能影响。结果表明,TiO_2负载量为37.67%制备的复合材料光催化活性最好,TiO_2为锐钛矿和金红石混晶型。甲基橙溶液初始浓度为10 mg/L,催化剂用量为2 g/L,pH=2时,甲基橙溶液降解效果最好。     

纳米TiO_2/硅藻土复合材料光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以提纯硅藻土为载体原料,钛酸四丁酯为TiO_2前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO_2/硅藻土复合材料。通过XRD、SEM对复合材料晶型结构和形貌表征分析,以甲基橙为目标污染物,考察复合材料对甲基橙光催化性能影响。结果表明,TiO_2负载量为37.67%制备的复合材料光催化活性最好,TiO_2为锐钛矿和金红石混晶型。甲基橙溶液初始浓度为10 mg/L,催化剂用量为2 g/L,pH=2时,甲基橙溶液降解效果最好。     

聚吡咯/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料的制备及结构表征

以十二烷基磺酸钠为掺杂剂,FeCl3·6H2O为氧化剂,引发吡咯单体（Py）发生化学氧化聚合,制备出聚吡咯/凹凸棒土纳米复合材料（PPy/ATP）,并通过XRD、TG-DTA、FTIR和TEM等技术手段对所得的复合材料进行了表征。体积电阻率测量表明,随着Py用量的增大,纳米复合材料的体积电阻率逐渐变小,当Py/ATP的质量比≥0.25时体积电阻率变化不大。XRD和TEM显示,聚吡咯以非晶态形式包覆在凹凸棒土单晶的表面,形成核-壳棒状纳米结构,包覆层厚度约为2 nm。TG-DTA表明凹凸棒土纳米复合材料的耐热性能与纯聚吡咯相比明显提高。FTIR表明纳米复合材料中聚吡咯与凹凸棒土之间存在物理作用。     

活性炭负载TiO2的制备及其光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/活性炭(AC)光催化剂,采用XRD分析了纳米TiO2晶型,SEM观察了活性炭负载前后表面形貌.正交试验分析了各因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明:制备的纳米TiO2为纯锐钛矿型,催化剂以不规则碎片包覆在活性炭表面.复合材料在TiO2浓度0.441 mol/L,50℃烘干后,pH=3的环境下降解甲基橙,脱色率达到95.5％.溶液pH值是催化降解的主要影响因素.     

凹凸棒土负载氧化锌-二氧化钛的制备与性能

以凹凸棒土(ATP)作载体,硫酸氧钛、硫酸锌及碳酸铵为原料,采用化学沉淀法制备凹凸棒土负载氧化锌-二氧化钛(ATP/ZnO-TiO₂)纳米复合材料,并用XRD,TEM测试手段对样品进行了表征。以其对活性大红(BES)的降解效果作为评价其光催化性能的标准,对制备条件进行了优化。结果表明：ATP与二氧化钛的质量比为20%、二氧化钛与氧化锌的物质的量比为10∶1、煅烧温度为450 ℃下制备的复合材料光催化降解活性大红的效果最佳;与凹凸棒土负载二氧化钛（ATP/TiO₂）及凹凸棒土负载氧化锌（ATP/ZnO）相比,复合材料具有良好的可见光光催化性能。     

纳米Fe~0/FeS复合材料制备及降解偶氮染料废水

以Na_2S为硫源成功制备了比表面积为29.61 m~2/g、含有纳米Fe~0、少量FeS及铁氧化物的纳米S-nZVI新型复合材料,用于典型偶氮染料甲基橙的降解。优化了材料的硫化率、投加量和初始甲基橙含量等降解工艺参数,并研究了不同硫化率下S-nZVI降解甲基橙的动力学。结果表明,S-nZVI材料的硫化率和投加量等因素对甲基橙降解效率具有较大的影响,而甲基橙初始含量对其影响并不大。当甲基橙初始质量浓度为20 mg/L,控制优化降解条件S-nZVI硫化率(Fe~0、FeS的摩尔比)为3:1,投加量为70 mg,反应10 min左右,降解率接近100%。反应40 min时,S-nZVI降解甲基橙符合准1级反应动力学。合成的纳米S-nZVI新型复合材料具有很大的工业应用潜力。     

PAA/ATP纳米复合材料的制备及其皮革阻燃性

采用γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)改性纳米凹凸棒土(ATP),制得表面含双键的凹凸棒土(O-ATP),进而与丙烯酸发生共聚反应,制备了聚丙烯酸/凹凸棒土(PAA/ATP)纳米复合材料,采用FTIR、TEM、TGA对其结构进行分析,结果表明:成功制备了PAA/ATP纳米复合材料,ATP均匀地分散于PAA/ATP纳米复合材料中。当ATP用量为1%时(即ATP质量占丙烯酸质量的百分数,下同),PAA/ATP纳米复合材料的外观稳定性和热稳定性均最好。将PAA/ATP纳米复合材料应用于绵羊蓝湿革的复鞣工序中,结果表明:ATP的引入有利于提高革样的阻燃性能、增厚性能。当ATP用量为1%时,PAA/ATP纳米复合材料的极限氧指数提升至16.4%,燃烧速率降低至0.045 mm/s。     

纳米TiO_2光催化降解甲基橙

以TiOSO4为原料 ,制备了纳米TiO2 粉末 ,经 5 0 0℃热处理后 ,XRD研究表明其为锐钛矿型TiO2 ;经TEM电镜观察 ,其粉末粒径大约为 10nm左右 .采用粘结剂法在玻璃板涂敷一层TiO2 粉末 ,以甲基橙为研究对象 ,紫外灯为光源 ,研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度、初始溶液 pH值、光照强度对甲基橙脱色率的影响     

Improved photocatalytic performance of Gd and Nd co-doped ZnO nanorods for the degradation of methylene blue

This paper reports the synthesis of pure ZnO, Gd and Nd co-doped ZnO nanorods based nanocomposites via simple hydrothermal method. Subsequently, the prepared photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, UV–visible and PL spectroscopy. The XRD results demonstrate that Gd and Nd ions were incorporated into ZnO lattice in the synthesized ZnO based nanocomposites and showed hexagonal wurtzite structure. The SEM and TEM results show that nanorods having nanoscale diameter and length were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method. The UV–visible spectroscopy verified that the band gap of ZnO was reduced due to incorporation of Gd and Nd into ZnO photocatalyst. Similarly, Gd and Nd incorporation into ZnO was found effective to reduce the recombination of electrons and holes as confirmed by PL spectroscopy. Moreover, the prepared nanocomposites with various atomic ratios (0.5–2%) were tested for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB), under visible light irradiation. The highly efficient and optimized 1.5% Nd/ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methylene blue compared to pure ZnO and other nanocomposites. Furthermore, the recycling results show that the 1.5% Nd/ZnO nanocomposites displayed good stability and long-term durability. These finding suggest that the ZnO based nanocomposite could be efficiently used in various energy and environmental applications.     

核壳型PS@ZnO纳米复合材料的制备及其光催化性能

以单分散性良好的聚苯乙烯（PS）微球为模板,采用化学浴沉淀法制备了PS@ZnO纳米复合材料。利用SEM、TEM、XRD、FTIR和DRS等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、组成和光学性质进行表征,在紫外光照射下进行亚甲基蓝溶液的光催化降解研究,并考察复合材料的光催化性能。结果表明：该方法制备的PS@ZnO纳米复合材料具有核壳结构,颗粒均匀,呈球形,核的平均粒径约为200nm,壳层厚度约20nm,具有良好的光催化性能,且其催化效率比单纯ZnO提高了13%,而且可以重复使用。     

新型CdS/TiO_2纳米复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

采用浸渍法和水热法相结合制备了新型的CdS/TiO_2纳米复合材料,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、UV-Vis吸收光谱(UV- VIS)、电子自旋共振谱(ESR)等对样品进行了表征,XRD、TEM表明所制备的新型CdS/TiO_2粒径小、分散均匀,TiO_2以锐钛矿型存在,CdS以高分散的立方相和六方相存在,对比直接法制备的CdS/TiO_2,新型的CdS/TiO_2对活性艳红X-3B具有明显提高的可见光催化活性;大量的束缚单电子氧空位及电子之间强相互作用是新型CdS/TiO_2可见光催化活性提高的主要原因.     

A facile solid-state heating method for preparation of poly(3,4-ethelenedioxythiophene)/ZnO nanocomposite and photocatalytic activity

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/zinc oxide (PEDOT/ZnO) nanocomposites were prepared by a simple solid-state heating method, in which the content of ZnO was varied from 10 to 20 wt%. The structure and morphology of the composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photocatalytic activities of the composites were investigated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye in aqueous medium under UV light and natural sunlight irradiation. The FTIR, UV-vis, and XRD results showed that the composites were successfully synthesized, and there was a strong interaction between PEDOT and nano-ZnO. The TEM results suggested that the composites were a mixture of shale-like PEDOT and less aggregated nano-ZnO. The photocatalytic activity results indicated that the incorporation of ZnO nanoparticles in composites can enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of the composites under both UV light and natural sunlight irradiation, and the highest photocatalytic efficiency under UV light (98.7%) and natural sunlight (96.6%) after 5 h occurred in the PEDOT/15wt%ZnO nanocomposite.     

Fabrication and characterization of CdS/BiVO4 nanocomposites with efficient visible light driven photocatalytic activities

Novel CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposites were synthesized by simple solvothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR) and photoluminescence (PL). In the nanocomposites, CdS particles were deposited on the surface of the BiVO₄. The photocatalytic tests showed that the CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposites possessed a higher rate for degradation of malachite green (MG) than the pure BiVO₄ under visible light irradiation. The 1.5-CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposite photocatalyst was found to degrade 98.3% of MG under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of CdS/BiVO₄ nanocomposites was also discussed. The results showed that the nanocomposite construction between CdS and BiVO₄ played a very important role in their photocatalytic properties, which has the potential application in solving environmental pollution issues utilizing solar energy effectively.     

TiO_2/FeOOH/硅藻土纳米复合材料的制备和光催化性能研究

采用分子组装的方法,以硅藻土为基底制备TiO_2/硅藻土、TiO_2/FeOOH/硅藻土纳米复合材料,通过UV-Vis、TEM方法对材料进行表征,以甲基橙溶液为目标降解物探究纳米复合材料的光催化性能,结果表明,基底制备TiO_2/硅藻土、TiO_2/FeOOH/硅藻土纳米复合材料对甲基橙均有不错的降解率,其中TiO_2/FeOOH/硅藻土纳米复合材料降解率达到67.16%。     

Synthesis and characterization of visible light driven N—Fe-codoped TiO2/SiO2 for simultaneous photoremoval of Cr (VI) and azo dyes in a novel fixed bed continuous flow photoreactor

N─Fe-codoped TiO₂/SiO₂ nanocomposites were prepared and stabilized onto glass beads by coupling two methods of dip coating and heat attachment. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by DRS-UV/vis, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, and N₂ adsorption/desorption analyses. The operational parameters of pH, flow rate, and the photoreactor's angle against sunlight were optimized to achieve the highest degradation efficiency. Then, the photocatalytic efficacy of the prepared substrates was examined in a novel fabricated photoreactor on a complex pollutant mixture consisting of Cr (VI), BR-29, BB-41, and BY-51, under two irradiation sources of visible light and sunlight. Moreover, to virtualize the process under natural irradiation conditions, the effectiveness of the performance was evaluated in various outdoor climate circumstances. Consequently, the results demonstrated the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the prepared nanocomposites under visible and solar irradiations. The removal percentages were also considerable under a partly cloudy sky and were 91.73%, 85.64%, 87.23%, and 58.59% for Cr (VI), BR-29, BB-41, and BY-51, respectively. The results showed the promising activity of the innovative photoreactor and the as-prepared nanocomposites for photocatalytic remediation of the water pollutants under natural climate conditions.     

Preparation and characterization of polypyrrole/TiO2 nanocomposites by reverse microemulsion polymerization and its photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange under natural light

PPy/TiO₂ nanocomposites were successfully prepared by reverse microemulsion polymerization and used as an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of methyl orange. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was modified by silane coupling agent to improve the dispersity before the polymerization. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier‐transform infrared spectra were carried out to characterize the morphology and structure of the samples. TEM analysis shows that TiO₂ particles are deposited by polypyrrole (PPy) and the existence of PPy mitigates the agglomeration of TiO₂. XRD spectra reveal that the deposition of PPy does not change the structure of TiO₂ particles. Uv–vis analysis shows that the PPy/TiO₂ nanocomposites have a higher photocatalytic activity under natural light than neat TiO₂. The highest degradation rate occurs when the mass ratio of PPy to TiO₂ is kept at 0.02. POLYM. COMPOS., 34:1076–1080, 2013. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

合成CdS纳米材料的新方法

以硫代碳酸钠为原料 ,用室温液相反应合成出前驱物 Cd CS3 和 [Cd(en) 3 ]CS3 分别置于高压釜中 ,在适当温度和压力下分解 ,即得纳米 Cd S。用 X-射线粉末衍射 ,透射电镜对产物的组成、大小、形貌进行表征。结果表明 ,产物纳米 Cd S为粒度分布均匀的六方晶形 ,晶粒大小约为 2 0 nm。其光催化活性翠蓝 KNL实验表明具有良好的光催化活性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛及其对苯酚的光催化性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,用溶胶-凝胶(Sol-gel)法制备了纳米TiO2粉末。采用透射电子显微镜和X光衍射仪对粉体的粒径、物相、形貌和热稳定性进行了表征。通过粉体对苯酚的降解情况对其光催化活性进行了测试,结果表明TiO2具有良好的光催化氧化性能。