中国葛洲坝集团公司四川施工局

四川南桠河冶勒水电站位于四川省石棉县和冕宁县境内，系南桠河流域梯级开发的龙头水库，为混合式发电站，总装机容量24万千瓦。集团公司中标承建C1标（大坝标）、C2标（基础处理标），主要承担的施工项目有左岸坝肩开挖、河床覆盖层开挖、右岸台地开挖、右岸坝肩开挖、帷幕灌浆、防渗墙、洞室开挖支护、沥青混凝土心墙、堆石坝体填筑等。     

中国葛洲坝集团公司四川施工局

四川南桠河冶勒水电站位于四川省石棉县和冕宁县境内，系南桠河流域梯级开发的龙头水库，为混合式发电站，总装机容量24万千瓦。集团公司中标承建C1标（大坝标），C2标（基础处理标），主要承担的施工项目有左岸坝肩开挖、河床覆盖层开挖、右岸台地开挖、右岸坝肩开挖、帷幕灌浆、防渗墙、洞室开挖支护、沥青混凝土心墙、堆石坝体填筑等。     

冶勒沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝抗震设计

冶勒沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝建于深厚覆盖层地基上，最大坝高125．50m，抗震设计烈度为Ⅸ度。抗震设计分别采用拟静力法和三维非线性动力反应分析法对大坝进行坝坡稳定和坝体-坝基动力反应计算，并结合已有的经验进行综合分析，评价大坝的抗震安全性，优化大坝布置和断面设计，设置抗震措施。     

冶勒水电站深厚卵砾石层的金刚石钻进工艺

查明水电站大坝区域内地质情况，直接关系到大坝的安全及投资概算。文中介绍了冶勒水电站右岸坝肩Ｘ９ 号孔的４２０ ｍ深厚覆盖层钻进工艺情况，为类似地区的水电勘测提供了一些经验     

瀑布沟高堆石坝坝肩地基处理技术

为使瀑布沟大坝基础满足其整体稳定和防渗要求，需对地基进行处理。为此，通过采取对心墙区及其上下游坝肩进行开挖以及对勘探平洞和钻孔进行封堵等措施对地基进行了处理。结果表明，坝肩地基处理效果良好，可以满足其整体稳定和防渗要求。     

冶勒水电站坝基防渗处理设计

冶勒水电站大坝为沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝，建造于高地震烈度区、深厚不均匀覆盖层上。坝基防渗左岸采用混凝土防渗墙接基岩灌浆帷幕，河床部位采用混凝土防渗墙嵌人覆盖层相对隔水层内一定深度，连接渐变为右岸防渗墙接深帷幕灌浆，右坝肩基础最大防渗深度约200m，采用两层合计140m深混凝土防渗墙接60m深帷幕灌浆联合防渗。该坝基防渗处理的设计与施工难度国内外罕见，目前工程进展基本顺利。     

对法国马尔帕塞拱坝失事的认识

凡工程失事，多是因地基缺陷，笔者研究坝基地质条件后认为：马尔帕塞坝左坝肩特殊的地质构造组合，垮坝是必然的，柯恩是在一个湖涂的坝址上，采用了一个错误的坝型设计，致使大坝失事。     

穿过阿乌鲁兹坝岸坡的渗漏

阿乌鲁北坝是世界上体积（８５万ｍ＾３）最大的碾压混凝土坝之一，于１９９１年蓄水。大坝修建在白云石岩层上，因而，存在严重的渗透问题。这种特性在初设时已完全了解并由于大坝只是用作水下补给而被忽略。地基渗透严重是由裂缝密集所致，由此产生一种非常特殊的风化，白云岩可能由于热液作用而风化成细粉砂．这种风化现象一般在坝肩附近出现较少，而在两岸岸坡内部则产生了大面积的风化。尽管在大坝施工过程中已进行了灌浆处理，     

瑞士洪格林拱坝坝肩稳定性评估

位于瑞士西部阿尔卑斯山附近的洪格林北坝为混凝土双曲拱坝。水文地质研究与地下水监测结果表明,通过大坝基础岩石节理的轻微渗流导致坝基存在水压力,该状况引起人们对大坝右岸坝肩稳定性的关注。采用数值分析方法对坝肩的稳定性进行了评估。评估结果有助于了解其潜在破坏机理,并采取有效的安全防范措施。     

方竹水电站拱坝坝肩稳定分析

方竹水电站大坝因修建时未按设计要求对两坝肩作防渗处理,经多年运行,两坝肩岸坡及接触带的渗水长期浸泡软化坝肩岩层及层间的软弱夹层,加之右坝肩抗滑岩体较为单薄,大坝坝肩的运行存在安全隐患.在对坝肩及坝体与基岩接触带采取了防渗措施的基础上,结合原设计资料、坝址区工程地质条件及电站建设过程中基础处理措施等,进一步复核坝肩稳定计算参数,分析计算坝肩抗滑稳定安全系数,对大坝坝肩稳定作出了科学评价.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。