优化工艺结构 促进节能降耗 实现优质高效——在1998年全国炼钢轧钢工作会议上的讲话

在总结１９９７年炼钢、轧钢生产取得的成绩和存在问题的基础上,提出了炼钢、轧钢结构调整、优化衔接,即实现整体结构优化的基本思路,指出必须大力发展连铸坯热送热装技术及推进高性能钢材品种的开发,并具体提出了１９９８年炼钢、轧钢生产的主要目标和重点任务。     

我国轧钢生产技术的进步和展望——依靠技术进步,提高钢材的市场竞争力

回顾了近年来我国钢材品种结构调整、轧钢装备水平、新产品开发和轧钢技术理论研究所取得的主要进步;指出了我国轧钢生产技术仍存在的问题;为提升我国整个轧钢行业的核心竞争力,提出了今后两年我国轧钢生产技术进步的主要任务。     

近年我国轧制技术的发展、现状和前景

我国的轧钢行业处于调整结构、转型发展的阶段,轧钢企业在努力消化引进技术,提高管理与生产操作水平,同时在大力进行技术创新,着力开发绿色化、智能化的新技术、新工艺、新装备、新产品。本文介绍了近年我国轧钢技术的发展情况及钢材品种的开发现状,指出现阶段我国轧钢行业虽然有很大进步,但基本处于跟跑和模仿阶段,必须在工艺装备、技术的研发方面自主创新。提出了我国轧钢行业的发展方向：（1）轧制工序应与前后工序协调,实现原料-炼铁-炼钢-连铸-轧制-热处理的一体化发展;（2）应进一步加强关键共性技术的开发,实现钢铁生产过程与产品的绿色化;（3）加强短流程技术与装备的开发;（4）建立钢铁生产的信息物理系统（CPS）、实现钢铁生产的数字化、信息化、智能化,以引领国际轧钢行业的发展。     

《轧钢》杂志编委会在京编委扩大会召开

20 0 1年 4月 18日《轧钢》杂志编委会在京编委扩大会在《轧钢》杂志的主办单位———钢铁研究总院召开。会议主题是 :轧钢行业的现状和未来———庆祝《轧钢》杂志出版第 10 0期。《轧钢》杂志编委会主任李世俊 ,钢铁研究总院副院长田志凌 ,在京顾问、编委以及多年对《轧钢》杂志给予热心支持和帮助的老朋友约 30人出席了会议。会议由主编赵林春主持 ;常务副主编臧锦回顾了《轧钢》杂志从创刊至今的发展历程 ;李世俊同志就轧钢行业的现状和发展发表了重要讲话 ;田副院长对《轧钢》编辑部的工作给予了充分肯定 ,并对《轧钢》杂志的发展寄予…     

征稿启事

<正>《轧钢》杂志创刊于1984年,一直努力促进我国轧钢技术的进步和轧钢行业的发展,"导向性、先进性、实用性"是《轧钢》杂志的主要特点,深受轧钢工作者的喜爱。当今全球经济正进行着产业分工的重构,并在资源和环境的压力下寻求每个最终产品的最优上下游分工,形成绿色产业链使其全生命周期都符合可持续发展的要求,冶金行业在钢材与最终用品之间的连接上,即钢材(金属)深加工方面有着全方     

我国轧钢生产技术的进步和展望--依靠技术进步,提高钢材的市场竞争力

回顾了近年来我国钢材品种结构调整，轧钢装备水平，新产品开发和轧钢技术理论研究所取得的主要进步，指出了我国轧钢生产技术仍存在的问题，为提升我国整个轧钢行业的核心竞争力，提出了今后两年我国轧钢生产技术进步的主要任务。     

连铸热坯热送直轧自动化核心技术

连铸热坯热送直轧技术,是连铸—棒材轧钢生产新工艺。连铸热坯通过辊道热送,不再经过加热炉,直接传送进入轧钢生产线的粗轧机进行轧制。这项技术实现的技术难度很大。在吸收外厂的经验教训基础上,对连铸—热送—轧钢的一系列工序做了大量改进与试验,最终表明:(1)技术获得成功,证明连铸热坯热送直轧技术是可行的;(2)实现了规模生产,已稳定运行并生产了3年多;(3)每年获得经济效益5 000万以上;(4)总结出一套行之有效的生产管理、技术管理的措施。对连铸热坯热送直轧的电气自动化专业部分,在连铸控制、热坯长度切割的控制、热坯称重、收集、剔除和移钢控制、热送辊道与传送控制、热坯传送过程头部加温技术、轧钢粗轧机入口前控制、轧钢生产线主轧区域控制、电气自动化软件核心技术与硬件配置要点等方面,采取的一系列核心技术与关键技术措施,作了技术论述与介绍。     

本刊“钢材深加工”栏目征稿启事

<正>《轧钢》杂志创刊于1984年,一直努力促进我国轧钢技术的进步和轧钢行业的发展,"导向性、先进性、实用性"是《轧钢》杂志的主要特点,深受轧钢工作者的喜爱。当今全球经济正进行着产业分工的重构,并在资源和环境的压力下寻求每个最终产品的最优上下游分工,形成绿色产业链使其全生命周期都符合可持续发展的要求,冶金行业在钢材与最终用品之间的连接上,即钢材(金属)深加工方面有着全方     

不断进取 再创辉煌——《轧钢》创刊30周年寄语

正《轧钢》杂志30岁了。《轧钢》的成长,倾注了我们历代领导、编辑的心血,凝结着作者、读者的闪耀智慧,浸透着轧钢界的岑岑汗水。在《轧钢》30年华诞来临之际,我们谨对关心和支持《轧钢》的读者、作者、学者,以及各级领导表示衷心的感谢!30年来,《轧钢》始终坚持理论与实践相结合,传播先进、实用的轧钢技术,在行业技术发展中发挥技术导向作用,为轧钢工作者服务,为轧钢技术进步及轧钢工业发展服务的办刊宗旨,紧扣时代脉搏,大力宣传国家的方针政策,力求站在轧钢技术前沿,追踪轧钢技术发展的最新动态,汇集轧钢生产工艺、技术、装备研究的最新成果。     

征稿简则

《轧钢》杂志是由钢铁研究总院主办的、国内外公开发行的轧钢专业技术刊物 ,创刊于 1 984年。本刊主要报导国家轧钢技术政策 ,国内外中厚板、冷热轧板带、钢管、型钢、线材及制品生产的新工艺、新技术、新装备、新产品及各种轧钢信息。设有专家论坛、研究与开发、设计与改造、综述评论、热点述评、轧钢自动化、技术讲座、经验交流、资料统计、轧钢信息、轧钢小百科等栏目。本刊衷心希望在轧钢技术研究、设计中有创新成果 ,对振兴轧钢行业有较深刻见解 ,对当前轧钢行业存在的问题有良好建议 ,在生产中有宝贵经验 ,了解国内外轧钢信息的轧钢工…     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。