InAIN薄膜MOCVD外延生长研究

为了研究不同压力和不同模板对InAlN薄膜外延生长的影响,分别选取以GaN为模板时生长压力为4.00、6.67和13.33 kPa,压力为4.00 kPa时模板为GaN和A1N这两组条件进行实验比较.研究发现,随着生长压力的增加,样品中In含量降低,样品的粗糙度则随压力的增加而增大;压力为4.00 kPa时,分别以摇摆曲线半高宽(FWHM)为86.97”的AIN和224.1”的GaN为模板,发现A1N模板上生长的InAIN样品(002)和(102)峰的FWHM值及表面粗糙度比上述GaN为模板生长的InAlN样品都要小很多.综合以上结果可初步得知:降低压力可以优化InAlN薄膜的表面形貌,增加In组分含量;采用高质量的AIN作模板能生长出晶体质量和表面形貌都比较好的InAlN薄膜.     

InAlN薄膜MOCVD外延生长研究

为了研究不同压力和不同模板对InA lN薄膜外延生长的影响,分别选取以GaN为模板时生长压力为4.00、6.67和13.33 kPa,压力为4.00 kPa时模板为GaN和A lN这两组条件进行实验比较。研究发现,随着生长压力的增加,样品中In含量降低,样品的粗糙度则随压力的增加而增大;压力为4.00 kPa时,分别以摇摆曲线半高宽(FWHM)为86.97″的A lN和224.1″的GaN为模板,发现A lN模板上生长的InA lN样品(002)和(102)峰的FWHM值及表面粗糙度比上述GaN为模板生长的InA lN样品都要小很多。综合以上结果可初步得知:降低压力可以优化InA lN薄膜的表面形貌,增加In组分含量;采用高质量的A lN作模板能生长出晶体质量和表面形貌都比较好的InA lN薄膜。     

预辅Al及AlN缓冲层厚度对GaN/Si(111)材料特性的影响

主要研究了采用高温AlN缓冲层外延生长GaN/Si(111)材料的工艺技术。利用高分辨X射线双晶衍射(HRXRD)分析研究了GaN/Si(111)样品外延层的应变状态和晶体质量,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)分析研究了不同厚度的高温AlN缓冲层对GaN外延层的表面形貌的影响。实验结果表明,AlN缓冲层生长前预通三甲基铝(TMAl)的时间、AlN缓冲层的厚度对GaN外延层的应变状态、外延层的晶体质量以及表面形貌都有显著影响。得到最优的预辅Al时间为10s,AlN缓冲层的厚度为40nm。在此条件下外延生长的GaN样品(厚度约为1μm)表面形貌较好,X射线衍射(XRD)双晶摇摆曲线半峰全宽(FWHM)(0002)面和(10-12)面分别为452″和722″。     

利用平片蓝宝石衬底制备高功率垂直结构LED

在平片蓝宝石衬底上,通过引入AlN缓冲层,优化成核层与粗糙层的生长条件,生长出了表面平整的GaN薄膜,晶体质量得到显著提升。通过引入AlN缓冲层,将X射线衍射(XRD)下样品(002)面的半高宽(FWHM)由232″降低至148″;通过减薄成核层厚度、提升粗糙层生长压力,将样品(102)面和(100)面的FWHM分别由243″和283″降低至169″和221″。研究了不同成核层和粗糙层的生长参数对GaN薄膜表面形貌的影响,随着(102)面和(100)面FWHM的降低,表面平整度亦得到改善,粗糙度由约3.8 nm下降到约1.6 nm。利用优化后的底层条件生长了高质量GaN薄膜,在3.5 A/mm^2电流密度下,与参考样品相比,制备出的LED样品的光输出功率由863 mW提升至942 mW,提升了约9%。     

100mm直径硅衬底上MOCVD外延生长无裂纹GaN

为实现在100 mm直径硅衬底上金属有机物化学气相外延(MOCVD)生长无裂纹GaN,系统研究了预铺铝时间参数对AlN成核质量的影响、不同厚度条件下AlN层对GaN生长的影响以及Al组分渐变的AlGaN缓冲层对GaN裂纹抑制的效果。实验结果表明,适当的预铺铝时间可以显著提高AlN成核层晶体质量,合理的AlN层厚度有助于上层GaN的生长,AlN与GaN之间AlGaN缓冲层的引入可以有效抑制GaN裂纹的产生。最后,采用高分辨率X射线衍射(HRXRD)测试了MOCVD外延生长的无裂纹GaN材料,得到AlN(002)面、GaN(002)面和GaN(102)面的衍射峰半峰宽(FWHM)分别为1 382,550和746 arcsec。     

Si衬底上5.1W/mm功率密度的GaN HEMT

利用MOCVD技术在Si（111）衬底上生长了高质量的GaN HEMT材料,1μm厚GaN外延层XRD（002）摇摆曲线半高宽573″,（102）摇摆曲线半高宽668″。通过插入层技术实现2μm厚GaN HEMT材料无裂纹,室温二维电子气迁移率1350cm^2/（V.s）,方块电阻328Ω/□.1mm栅宽GaN微波功率器件饱和电流大于0.8A/mm,跨导大于250mS/mm,2GHz下最大连续波输出功率5.1W,增益9.1dB,附加效率达到35%。     

与GaN晶格匹配的InAlN分子束外延生长及其性能北大核心CSCD

采用等离子体辅助的分子束外延(MBE)方法制备了InAlN外延薄膜,探讨了InAlN材料In原子数分数和生长条件的关系,以及等效束流强度(BEP)对材料质量的影响。绘制了InAlN关于温度与In和Al BEP的生长相图,经过优化后生长了与GaN晶格匹配的InAlN外延薄膜。使用高分辨率透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和阴极荧光光谱(CL)对制备的InAlN材料进行了测试和表征。结果表明,InAlN/GaN异质界面清晰,In_(0.18)Al_(0.82)N外延材料(002)面X射线衍射峰半高宽为263 arcsec,表面粗糙度仅为0.23 nm,CL发光波长为283 nm,弯曲系数为5.2 e V,根据CL图像估算的材料位错密度约为2×108cm-2。     

Al沉积时间对Si衬底GaN材料的影响

通过改变高温AlN形核层生长时提前通入TMAl的时间,分别在Si(111)衬底上生长了4个1μm厚的GaN样品,并对每个样品的GaN外延材料进行了分析研究。通过显微镜观察发现,Al的沉积时间为12 s时,GaN材料表面光亮,基本没有裂纹。另外通过喇曼谱和光荧光谱(PL)测试得出,随着生长初期Al沉积时间的增加(8～15 s),GaN外延层的水平应力逐渐减小(由1.28 GPa减小到0.67 GPa),Al的沉积时间为12 s时GaN外延材料的应力较小。同时,GaN材料(002)和(102)晶面的X射线衍射摇摆曲线表明,Al的沉积时间为12 s时GaN外延材料的晶体质量最好。     

蓝宝石图形衬底上利用AlN缓冲层生长高质量GaN

在图形化衬底上以AlN作为缓冲层生长高质量的GaN薄膜,国内相关的报道较少。通过引入两步缓冲层生长方法,在蓝宝石图形衬底上生长基于AlN缓冲层的高质量GaN薄膜,利用低温AlN层生长时内部的缺陷,选择性进行腐蚀,形成衬底与外延层界面间的侧向倒斜角,提高光萃取效率;同时在其上继续生长高温AlN,为后续GaN薄膜提供高质量模板。从外延角度出发,以表面形貌及其上生长的GaN薄膜的晶体质量为衡量依据,优化了低温AlN缓冲层以及高温AlN缓冲层的生长参数,优化后LED样品在20 mA测试电流下的光输出功率较参考样品提升了4%。     

6H-SiC衬底上采用不同厚度AlN缓冲层对GaN外延层的影响

采用不同厚度AlN作为缓冲层在6H-SiC衬底上生长了GaN外延层,并利用X射线衍射,拉曼散射和透射电子显微镜等对GaN性质进行了研究。AlN缓冲层的应变状态对GaN的晶体质量和表面形貌有很大影响。较厚的AlN缓冲层会导致GaN表面出现裂纹,而太薄的AlN缓冲层会导致GaN层较高的位错密度,从而恶化器件性能。分析了GaN产生裂纹和高位错密度的机制,并采用较优厚度（100nm）的AlN缓冲层生长出高质量的GaN外延层。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.