基于反馈校正原理的非对称旅行商问题的自收敛优化算法

针对非对称旅行商问题(ATSP),提出基于反馈校正原理的自收敛求解算法框架.该方法核心是依据ATSP问题松弛模型的对偶关系推断与ATSP最优解无关弧集合的弧排除算法.该算法框架以ATSP问题的初始弧集合作为"参考输入",以ATSP最优解的上下界求解算法作为"控制对象",以弧排除算法作为"反馈校正控制器",其"反馈输入"是"控制对象"的输出差值.算法迭代过程中,上下界差值缩小,排除弧集合增加,算法呈现出自收敛性.该框架集成了数学规划方法和启发式算法的优点,论文从理论证明和仿真分析说明了该自收敛算法的有效性.     

TQM implementation in hospitals

This paper discusses the essential elements for successful Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in hospital, and the challenges that occur with such implementation. Guidelines for this implementation are provided to show how TQM tools can be used effectively in hospitals.     

Corporate ergonomics programme at Volvo Car Corporation

One of Volvo Car Corporation's core values is "Environmental Care". Volvo Cars has a tradition of attention to the work environment and has over the years developed a working environment management system, an organisational strategy for the participation of everyone, a working environment policy, standards/specifications and methods for efficient practical performance. The Production Ergonomics Project is an example of this. In order to achieve results in ergonomics one has to work comprehensively, which means working with the product, the process, the workplace, the individuals and the work organisation. The key to success is to train all categories concerned in load ergonomics and to perform methodical ergonomic work through the whole chain from design to production.     

基于B/S结构管理系统的权限管理方法研究与实现

本文结合交通建设项目质量检验与评估系统的开发,介绍了基于RBAC模型,通过动态生成用户功能菜单实现对权限的控制的方法,并针对系统用户对本系统安全性、保密性的要求,介绍了如何有效隔离不同用户提交的相关信息的方法,实现“谁提交,谁编辑“的用户需求.     

集合特征码及相关算法研究

在传统的集合运算过程中,集合内的元素一般通过自然语言表示,而不是形式化表示,这就在计算机处理时影响了集合运算的效率。为了解决这个问题,将二进制引入到集合运算过程中,提出集合特征码的概念,并定义了一系列的集合特征码运算规则,从而形成了一个较为完备的、形式化的集合特征码运算体系。在上述集合特征码的理论体系下,提出一系列的相关算法,从而在算法的层次上实现了集合特征码的理论体系。实验结果表明,通过集合特征码理论及相关算法,集合运算可以通过0、1运算快速实现,并且其成功实现了数据库中的查询操作。     

Towards a distributed multi-agent framework for shared resources scheduling

Nowadays, manufacturers have to share some of their resources with partners due to the competitive economic environment. The management of the availability periods of shared resources causes a problem because it is achieved by the scheduling systems, which assume a local environment where all resources are on the same site. Therefore, distributed scheduling with shared resources is an important research topic. In this communication, we introduce the architecture and behaviour of DSCEP framework (Distributed, Supervisor, Customer, Environment, and Producer) under shared resources situation with disturbances. We are using a simple example of manufacturing system to illustrate the ability of DSCEP framework to solve the shared resources scheduling problem in complex systems.     

Balanced work system and participation in quality management: applications in the community

Selected issues related to Quality Management (QM) are discussed, and applications of QM in 'non-traditional' environments, i.e., public sector and community environments, are presented. Two ergonomic themes are emphasised: balanced work system and participation. The case studies provide examples for how the ergonomic themes of a balanced work system and participation can be used to examine QM applications in public sector organisations and communities. Further theoretical development of the concept of community quality is necessary, as well as more research for developing and adapting QM models and methods for the community setting.     

具有海南特色的游艇比基尼服饰设计

比基尼需"在最少的布料上演绎最性感的风情"而成为较难设计的服饰之一。文中将具有海南特色游艇比基尼服饰的设计理念剥离成"比基尼"、"游艇"和"海南"三个核心元素,通过局部要素的创意实现和整体效果的有机搭配,营造出了性感、奢华、时尚、运动而又点缀些许传统的复性风格,展现了具有海南特色的游艇比基尼服饰的内涵和实质。     

The impact of ergonomic work environment exposures on the risk of disability pension: Prospective results from DWECS/DREAM

The objectives were to identify the impact of ergonomic work environment exposures on the risk of disability pension. A representative sample of 8475 employees of the total working population in Denmark were interviewed regarding work environment exposures and followed in a national register with data on granted disability pension. For women, approximately 34% of the disability pension cases were attributable to ergonomic work environment exposures. For men, 21% of the disability pension cases were attributable to ergonomic work environment. Ergonomic work environment, especially physically demanding work, working with hands lifted and repetitive work, are areas of intervention at the workplace that can facilitate and prolong labour market participation. The study provides estimates for the association between ergonomic exposures at work and administrative, cost-related measures of work disability in a large population-based longitudinal cohort study over 14 years. Approximately 21% for men and 34% for women of the disability pension cases were attributable to ergonomic work environment exposures.     

TQM: A facilitator to enhance knowledge management? A structural analysis

This study aims to examine the multi-dimensional relationship of total quality management (TQM) and knowledge management (KM) in both service and manufacturing firms in Malaysia. Six key practices of TQM originated from the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award (MBNQA) were chosen; whereas the KM elements were made up of knowledge acquisition, distribution and application. Data were gathered from small, medium and large firms from both manufacturing and service sectors. Structural analysis was carried out for the hypotheses and the theoretical model testing. Findings show that strategic planning and human resource management have a positive and significant relationship with the dimensions of KM; whereas process management has significant effects on knowledge acquisition and knowledge distribution. Practically, the findings provide a useful direction for the management team in the manufacturing and service sectors by adopting the relevant TQM practices to further improve the firms’ knowledge management processes. Through a deeper comprehension on the association between TQM practices and the KM dimensions, the management team of these firms can focus their attention, efforts and resources on the specific TQM practices that can ensure successful KM process.     

利益协调软系统方法论——理论依据与逻辑步骤

本文先综合各种人的假说,给出了利于本文的人的模型,并将其称为利益人;然后深化了切克兰德人类活动系统的概念,定义了软人类活动系统问题;在上述工作以及切氏软系统方法的基础上,提出了用于求解软人类活动系统问题的利益协调软系统方法论。     

基于ArcIMS的房屋拆迁GIS分析系统

在“数字地球”的召唤下,“数字城市”作为全球网络化进程中的新概念展现在人们面前,它作为“数字中国”乃至“数字区域”和“数字地球”必不可少的组成部分,为全球的信息化注入了新的活力。“信息化、网络化、智能化和可视化”是对“数字城市”最基本的要求。该文结合南京“数字房产”共享平台项目,在WebGIS技术的支持下,实现了AreIMS在房屋拆迁GIS分斩系统中的应用。     

A multiagent dynamic interaction testbed: Theoretic framework, system architecture and experimentation

Recent research on Distributed Artificial Intelligence(DAI)has focused upon agents‘ interaction in Multiagent System.sThis paper presents a text understanding oriented multiagent dynamic interaction testbed(TUMIT);the theoretic framework based upon game theory,the free-market-like system marchitecture,and experimentation on TUMIT.Unlike other DAI testbeds,TUMIT views different text understanding(TU)methods as different“computational resources”,and makes agents choose different TU paths and computational resources according to the resouce information on the bulletins in their hostcomputer.Therefore,in TUMIT,task allocation is wholly distributed.This makes TUMIT work like a “free market”.In such a system,agents‘choices and resource load may oscillate.It is shown theoretically and experimentally that if agents use multi-level of “history information”,their behavior will tend to converge to a Nash equilibrium situation;and that if agents use “fecall-forget” strategy on “history information”,the convergence can be accelerated and the agents can acclimate themselves to changed environment.Compared with other DAI testbeds,TUMIT is more distributed,and the agents in TUMIT are more adaptive to the dynamic environment.     

浅析前苏联电影的浪漫诗意与文学性

前苏联电影在发展过程中,注意到文学元素诸如"诗歌"、"散文"等元素的重要性,并进而在电影的艺术实践中,通过电影的特殊造型手段,实现了电影的文学诗意,使得电影流露出浓郁的浪漫诗意。本文通过对"诗化"电影、"隐喻电影"、"散文性"电影分析前苏联电影的浪漫诗意与文学特性。     

Control Strategies of Experienced and Novice Controllers with a Zero-Energy Nuclear Reactor

The objective of this paper is to describe how and why ergonomics should be promoted in total quality management (TQM). Ergonomics and TQM activities are compared. An approach is proposed to apply ergonomics in TQM using ergonomics circles. An eight-step approach is introduced for applying ergonomics using ergonomics circles and a study that employed this approach in Korea is discussed. In applying this approach, all processes were first evaluated by workers. Processes that were identified as problematic were analysed by a company-wide committee to set priorities for improvement. An ergonomics improvement team consisting of safety and health personnel, process engineers and management innovation personnel then worked on the processes using a low-cost approach. It was found that applying ergonomics using ergonomics circles as quality circles in TQM was effective in improving workplaces and resulted in increasing productivity, cost saving and improved safety.     

命题对象的空间逻辑运算模型

在现有逻辑系统中,各连接词的运算模型都可以归结为某些“代数算子”,其共同特征是仅考虑了命题所描述集合的代数测度大小,而没有考虑它们在几何空间中的位置关系。文章以“空间位置相关性”为中心,提出了“摸天花板问题”,分析了逻辑运算中存在的几何位置相关性。在“命题对象”、“真位向量”、“空间图像”等概念的基础上,提出了命题对象的空间逻辑运算模型,并结合格分维理论给出了在几何图像中的具体应用形式。本文工作拓展了泛逻辑学中广义相关性的含义,为连接词的运算形式提供了一种新的模型。     

Ergonomics in total quality management: how can we sell ergonomics to management?

The objective of this paper is to describe how and why ergonomics should be promoted in total quality management (TQM). Ergonomics and TQM activities are compared. An approach is proposed to apply ergonomics in TQM using ergonomics circles. An eight-step approach is introduced for applying ergonomics using ergonomics circles and a study that employed this approach in Korea is discussed. In applying this approach, all processes were first evaluated by workers. Processes that were identified as problematic were analysed by a company-wide committee to set priorities for improvement. An ergonomics improvement team consisting of safety and health personnel, process engineers and management innovation personnel then worked on the processes using a low-cost approach. It was found that applying ergonomics using ergonomics circles as quality circles in TQM was effective in improving workplaces and resulted in increasing productivity, cost saving and improved safety.     

Ergonomic,job task,and psychosocial risk factors for work‐related musculoskeletal disorders among teleservice center representatives

A cross‐sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association between work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) and work conditions, perceived exhaustion, job dissatisfaction, and job‐stress issues at two teleservice centers (TSCs). The study covered teleservice representatives who respond to toll‐free calls for assistance. The work involves a computer or manual search for information, and data entry using keyboards. One facility had upgraded the furniture at the workstations; the other facility had not. A questionnaire survey among 114 teleservice representatives and an ergonomic evaluation were conducted to determine WRMDs and their risk factors and perceived job stress. A high prevalence of symptoms of WRMDs was found at both TSCs. Suboptimal ergonomic conditions were associated with neck, shoulder, elbow, and back WRMDs, as well as with increased job dissatisfaction. Perceived increased workload variability and lack of job control were associated with the occurrence of neck and back WRMDs, respectively. WRMDs were more frequently reported by teleservice representatives at the center with older furniture and suboptimal ergonomic conditions. WRMDs may be prevented by improving ergonomic conditions at workstations and addressing work‐organization elements.     

数字城市中的决策支持模型研究：——以多元韦伯区位模型为例

“数字城市”研究是当前地理信息科学研究的一个热点,其目的之一就是要利用现有的各种数据、信息、在综合、全面地分析后,为城市的规划管理和可持续发展提供决策支持,因此,决策支持系统也是实现数字城市不可或缺的关键技术之一,模型是决策支持系统的核心,在系统中选用合适的模型,并按一定的标准进行设计和实现,组成系统模型库,是保障系统做出正确决策的基础,首先对数字城市中具有代有性的规划决策支持系统设计中几个一般问题进行了讨论,其次在介绍设施区位模型和一种基于人工神经网络算法的基础上,进一步实现了模型,最手利用该模型对上海浦东新区两个居民新村的公共服务设施布局进行了研究,建立了一个简单的公共服务规划决策支持系统。