我国可再生能源发展现状和前景展望

近年来,可再生能源发展迅速并取得了显著成绩,发展可再生能源己经成为许多国家能源发展战略的重要组成部分。文章从我国可再生能源发展现状和世界可再生能源发展趋势入手,分析了目前我国可再生能源发展过程中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议,在此基础上,对我国可再生能源的发展前景进行了展望。     

可再生能源发展趋势

正可再生能源是指在自然界可循环再生的一次能源,包括水能、风能、太阳能、生物质能、地热能和海洋能等取之不尽、用之不竭的能源。过去10年,可再生能源已成为许多国家推进能源转型的核心和应对气候变化的重要途径。可再生能源发电也成为全球范围内新增发电主要来源,超过了所有其他形式能源的新增发电量之和。国际可再生能源署(IRENA)数     

可再生能源发展热中的冷思考——访中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会主任朱俊生

能源资源是关系国家经济发展的一项重大战略问题，随着我国经济发展对能源需求的不断扩大，可再生能源的开发和利用日益受到重视。近几年，特别是《可再生能源法》正式颁布实施后，可再生能源行业以惊人的速度发展，许多投资者都想在这一行业寻找最佳的投资机会。毋庸置疑．发展可再生能源是解决我国能源不足和环境问题的一条有效途径。但面对可再生能源过熟的局面．可再生能源这座“金矿”含金量到底有多少，我们特地采访了中国资源综合利用协会可再生能源专业委员会主任朱俊生。     

国际上鼓励可再生能源发电制度的利弊分析

由于矿物能源资源的有限性和全球环境压力的增加，世界上许多国家都提高了对可再生能源重要性的认识，出台了不少新的政策和措施。我国政府近些年来一直积极探索以强制性手段保障可再生能源发展的有效机制，文中对世界各国的可再生能源政策体制和实践进行了系统的综述和利弊分析。     

谷歌公司积极投资地热发电

大力开发利用可再生能源,减少化石能源的消耗,保护生态环境,减缓全球气候变暖,共同推进人类社会的可持续发展,已成为世界各国的共识。许多国家将开发利用可再生能源作为能源战略的重要组成部分,提出了明确的可再生能源发展目标,全球著名的谷歌（Google）公司积极进军清洁能源的开发领域,将对两家地热发电公司投资1000万美元,     

大力促进可再生能源发展

近年来，可再生能源在世界范围内得到迅速发展，一些可再生能源技术的市场应用和产业，如光伏发电、风电等年增长速度都在20％以上，可再生能源已成为实现能源多样化和可持续发展的重要替代能源，尤其是近两年来，随着国际石油价格大的波动以及《京都议定书》的生效，可再生能源发展得到世界许多国家的广泛关注，成为国际能源领域的热点。     

德国流行能源合作社促进新能源利用

<正>可再生能源已经成为全球的一大趋势。然而,目前包括中国在内的许多国家,尽管投入很大,但可再生能源并入电网使用的比例却很低,不少设备无法发挥作用。对此,"可再生能源大国"德国的应对之道就是发展"能源合作     

“九五”新能源和可再生能源产业化发展计划

“九五”新能源和可再生能源产业化发展计划国家经贸委资源司七十年代初世界出现石油危机后，许多国家加大了对新能源和可再生能源发展投人和支持，近年来，严重的环境与生态问题日益突出，能源与环境的双重压力，更加引起各国政府对新能源和可再生能源的重视１９９２年于...     

周建雄:光热发电产业有望成为绿色能源投资的蓝海

"今天,我们已经进入了‘风光时代(风能和太阳能)’,这些可再生能源将与传统的火电一样,具有价格上的竞争力。"周建雄对风能、太阳能非常看好,"当今全球没有哪个领域像可再生能源领域这样,发生如此巨大的变化,特别是风能、太阳能(光伏发电和光热发电)等可再生能源,在许多国家已成为重要能源,有的正在转变为主流能源,这是一种不可逆转的发展趋势。"周建雄从全球可再生能源发展的角度再次证明风能和太阳能可期的发展前景。     

中国将在可再生能源领域领先

环境专家估计，中国将在3年内成为全球可再生能源领域的领导者。世界观察研究所发表的报告指出，中国正以惊人的速度研发许多创新的能源产品，并且通过立法鼓励可再生能源的使用。     

Olympic Games promote the reduction in emissions of greenhouse gases in Beijing

Global climate change is one of the most serious global environmental problems faced by humankind at present. Serious attention should be paid and precautions should be taken before disasters occur. The amount of CO₂ emissions in China has increased during the past few years and the Chinese government and people have attached great importance to this phenomenon and treated it seriously. With the instruction of scientific development viewpoint, Beijing has made significant progress in emissions reduction through technological innovation, industrial structure adjustment, promoting energy efficiency and utilization of renewable energy, and absorption of CO₂ using forest and wetland, since bidding for Olympic Games. At the same time, energy conservation and emissions reduction measures taken in the construction of Beijing Olympic stadiums just incarnate the Beijing Green Olympics.     

LEAP模型在可再生能源规划中的应用

我国具有丰富的可再生能源资源,国家也出台了很多促进可再生能源发展的政策,但我国在省级一直缺乏可再生能源的规划及相关经验,本文利用能源规划中常用的LEAP模型,并结合湖南省作为案例,研究了LEAP在省级规划工作中应用,探讨在省级可再生能源规划中定量分析方法,得到更具有可操作性的规划。     

绿色电力营销 可再生能源发展的市场动力

本文从分析中国可再生能源发展的障碍入手,指出现有电力销售机制及电价形成机制是可再生电力发展的瓶颈,也使得目前中国旨在促进可再生能源扩大规模、降低成本的政策无法得到有效的实施。根据迈克尔·波特的竞争战略理论,采用绿色电力营销的标歧立异战略,能帮助可再生能源发电产业在一定细分市场内建立相对于传统电力的竞争优势,同时也可克服现有电力销售机制的局限。一方面可再生电力与普通电力的差价由自愿购买的用户承担,避免每上一个可再生能源项目就需要提高全网电价的做法,是对现有体制的创新,同时也大大降低交易成本;另一方面差价取决于用户的支付意愿,差价越低,用户的支付意愿越高,市场越大;差价越高,支付意愿越低,市场越小,有利于形成竞争局面,促使可再生能源发电厂商降低发电成本。本文建议应当鼓励北京、上海等大城市的电力公司率先启动绿色电力营销计划,并为绿色电力营销创造良好的市场环境。     

A review on energy scenario and sustainable energy in Indonesia

The global energy consumption is likely to grow faster than the population growth. The fuel consumption was growing from 6630 million tons of oil equivalents (Mtoe) in 1980 to 11,163 Mtoe in 2009. This projected consumption will increase 1.5% per year until 2030 and reach 16,900 Mtoe and the main drivers of this growth are mostly developing countries in Asia. Indonesia is one of the developing countries and energy supply is an important factor for all-around development. The country's energy consumption still depends on non-renewable energy such as crude oil, coal and natural gas as sources of energy. Utilization of fossil fuel continuously contributes to huge amount of greenhouse gases emission that leads to climate change. Facing such an unfavorable situation, the government of Indonesia prioritizes on energy supply securities by diversification of energy resources. The energy mixes in Indonesia based on five main resources; these are crude oil, natural gas, coal, hydropower, and renewable energy. Although the country encourages utilizing renewable energy, the contribution is only around 3%. Considering natural condition and geography, this country is blessed with great potential of renewable energy such as solar energy, wind energy, micro hydro and biomass energy. Noting the potential of renewable and sustainable energy resources in the country, the government must pay more attention on how to utilize it. Many efforts have been done to promote renewable energy such as to create energy policy and regulations, yet it still did not give any satisfactory result. Government, non-government agencies and the public should take a more proactive step to promote and use renewable energy in order to achieve the secure and environmentally sustainable energy resources.     

Power sector of Oman—Today and tomorrow

In December 1999 the council of Ministers of Sultanate of Oman approved policies for the wholesale restructuring and privatization of the sultanate's electricity and related water sectors. The government started carrying out unbundling of the sector and setting up independent companies on a commercial basis. The companies are now shaping up for future electricity market. Beside these evolving structural changes, there would be a need to change their generation mix. Oman relies 100% on fossil fuel resources (mainly gas) for its power generation. However, Oman's natural gas supplies are largely committed and the country may become a net natural gas importer in the near future. Today, there is a great incentive for Oman to exploit renewable energy in order to face the changing environment and to guard against future trends. The electricity companies should investigate the renewable potential and work with Omani government and Authority for Electricity Regulation (AER) to establish policy support for large-scale renewable energy plants. Beside there is a huge potential for demand-side management and energy conservation which should be exploited for the benefit of the country and of the environment.     

Techno-economic analysis of hydrogen energy for renewable energy power smoothing

With the increasing proportion of renewable energy (mainly wind power and photovoltaic) connected to the grid, the fluctuation of renewable energy power brings great challenges to the safe and reliable operation of power grid. As a clean, low-carbon secondary energy, hydrogen energy is applied in renewable energy (mainly wind power and photovoltaic) grid-connected power smoothing, which opens up a new way of coupling hydrogen storage energy with renewable energy. This paper focuses on the optimization of capacity of electrolyzers and fuel cells and the analysis of system economy in the process of power output smoothing of wind/photovoltaic coupled hydrogen energy grid-connected system. Based on the complementary characteristics of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and chemical reaction optimization algorithm (CROA), a particle swarm optimization-chemical reaction optimization algorithm (PSO-CROA) are proposed. Aiming at maximizing system profit, the capacity of electrolyzers and fuel cells are constrained by wind power fluctuation, and considering environmental benefits, government subsidies and time value of funds, the objective function and its constraints are established. According to the simulation analysis, by comparing the calculated results with PSO and CROA, it shows that PSO-CROA effectively evaluates the economy of the system, and optimizes the optimal capacity of the electrolyzers and fuel cells. The conclusion of this paper is of great significance for the application of hydrogen energy storage in the evaluation of power smoothness and economy of renewable energy grid connection and the calculation of economic allocation of hydrogen energy storage capacity.     

世界风电产业发展综述

风力发电是目前最具商业化和市场竞争力的可再生能源技术。随着风电技术日趋成熟,风电产业在全球范围得到大力发展,并保持持续增长的势头。全世界风力资源丰富,风力发电将成为最重要的替代能源之一,但风电产业的发展受政策影响较大。文章阐述了世界风力发电产业的现状,分析了世界风电产业的发展趋势。     

水电是实现可持续发展的重要能源

化石能源日益枯竭,需求与供给矛盾逐渐凸显,国家非常重视可再生能源和替代能源的开发建设,从法律、政策上为其创造了条件,水电是可再生能源中唯一能形成供给规模、改善结构、保障安全、恢复大气及生态环境的优质能源,加快水电开发是现实的选择,理应受到各级政府的高度重视和社会各界理解支持。     

Renewable energy diffusion in Asia: Can it happen without government support?

The dramatically increasing population of Asia necessitates equally as dramatic increase in energy supply to meet demand. Rapidly increasing energy demand is a major concern for Asian countries because the increase in demand is being met through the increased use of fossil fuel supply, largely domestic coal and imported fuel. Renewable energy supply presents a lower emission pathway that could be a viable option for steering off the higher emissions path. However, several market, economic, institutional, technical, and socio-cultural barriers hinder countries in moving from high to low emission pathway. Following a discussion on the rising demand for energy in Asia and the prospects of partly satisfying it with renewable energy, we outline the reasons for government support to tackle the barriers for widespread diffusion of grid-based renewable energy. Additionally, we also discuss workable models for strategic government intervention to support diffusion of grid-based renewable energy in Asia.     

Electricity generation:: regulatory mechanisms to incentive renewable alternative energy sources in Brazil

The dissemination of renewable alternative energy sources for electricity generation has always being done through regulatory mechanisms, created and managed by the government of each country. Since these sources are more costly to generate, they have received incentives in response to worldwide environmental concerns, above all with regard to the reduction of CO₂ emissions. In Brazil, the electricity generation from renewable alternative sources is experiencing a new phase of growth. Until a short time ago, environmental appeal was the strongest incentive to these sources in Brazil but it was insufficient to attain its objective. With the electricity crisis and the rationing imposed in 2001, another important factor gained awareness: the need to diversify energy sources. Within this context, this work has the objective of analyzing the regulatory mechanisms recently developed to stimulate electricity generation from renewable alternative energy sources in Brazil by following the experience of other countries such as the United States, United Kingdom and Germany.