电磁水表磁场分布检测研究

电磁水表是近些年新兴的智能水表2.0的全电子水表产品,是从电磁流量计技术发展而来,但电磁水表功耗要求更低、测量范围更宽,因而磁场发生方法和磁场分布至关重要。采用霍尔元件阵列对电磁水表内部的磁场分布进行检测,设计了相应的软硬件方案,实现了磁场分布的检测。     

高速磁浮列车磁场测量系统的设计

高速磁浮列车磁场主要分布在列车和轨道之间很小的空气隙中,气隙磁场是一个恒定磁场和交变磁场的叠加磁场,而且磁感应强度很大,最大可达1．2T．针对高速磁浮列车磁场分布的特殊性,设计了一套两自由度磁场的闭环自动化测量系统。系统的设计基于PC机,可以实现对列车磁场中的固定点和一段距离上的磁场大小的自动化测量,并将测量数据存入数据库以便于进一步处理分析。在列车实验平台磁场的实际测量中,该系统性能稳定,测量范围可达0～1．5T．     

勾形磁场的优化设计与实现

本文采用有限元法对8英寸单晶炉（16寸坩埚）勾形磁场的磁场分布和磁场强度,以及影响磁场强度的线圈匝数、导线面积、线圈间距等因素进行了模拟分析和优化,并依据模拟结果得到磁场结构的优化设计参数。最后通过实验对磁场的设计参数进行了验证,结果表明：磁场分布和磁场强度模拟结果与实际测试结果可较好吻合;磁场的关键参数满足晶体生长的磁场要求;模拟方法是正确的、符合实际的。此方法为磁场设计提供了一种可靠的模拟新方法和经验数据。     

基于霍尔元件的数字式霍尔电流传感器设计北大核心CSCD

为了进一步提高数字式电流传感器的测量量程,基于霍尔效应提出了一种数字式霍尔电流传感器的设计方案。利用有限元分析软件对磁芯的磁场分布情况进行仿真分析,得出不同电流激励下磁芯中磁场的分布情况。针对直流电流情况下磁芯气隙中磁场分布不均的问题提出楔形气隙结构的优化方法,仿真结果表明该结构可以有效改善气隙中磁场分布不均的问题。设计传感器样机,通过实验分析了所设计的电流传感器的有效量程及测量误差,实验结果与仿真结果相符。     

阀用超磁致伸缩致动器偏置磁场分布结构设计

在液压阀工作空间环境限制的条件下,设计了一种体积精小、结构紧凑的阀用超磁致伸缩致动器。针对该种致动器内部偏置磁场强度均匀性较差的问题,利用有限元仿真方法对其偏置磁场分布结构进行了分析及设计,通过引入磁场不均匀度及平均磁场强度两性能指标对偏置磁场分布结构进行区别,同时结合实际情况,确定了最佳偏磁分布结构为超磁致伸缩棒段数n=3时;制作了阀用超磁致伸缩致动器试验样机,并对样机磁场强度进行了测试。实验结果表明,超磁致伸缩棒表面的磁场分布与仿真结果具有相同的变化趋势,其磁场不均匀度约为22.7%,说明所设计偏置磁场结构是合理的,该研究对于液压阀件的设计具有一定意义。     

计算机在带电粒子谱仪设计中的应用(二)

三、场计算程序带电粒子谱仪的设计,除粒子动力学设计外,另一重要部分是电磁场设计,主要是静磁场和静电场的计算。场计算把磁铁、电极的几何结构、材料特性以及电流、电荷的分布与磁场、电场的分布     

磁靴开孔对磁场影响的理论计算与实验研究

为满足实验要求 ,必须在产生均匀磁场的磁靴上开一个观察孔 ,这样磁场均匀度势必会受到影响。本文介绍了均匀磁场的设计方法并进行了具体设计 ,对开孔带来的影响进行了数值模拟。利用有限元法分析了磁场均匀性与边界条件之间的关系并给出了具体的磁场分布数据表图。在理论分析的基础上 ,进行了实验验证 ,最后得到了满足设计要求的均匀磁场     

基于仿真技术的干式变压器漏磁场分析

本文介绍了干式变压器漏磁场引起的不良影响,应用模拟软件仿真技术,分析了干式变压器漏磁场漏磁场分布状态,对于干式变压器设计和过热预防有重要指导意义。     

磁力光整加工平面磁极头设计及仿真

作为以提高表面质量的磁力光整加工技术,磁极的设计起着至关重要的作用.提出将永磁极设计为锥形以取代笨重的电磁极,仿真了磁极有无锥度的磁场强度分布,发现有锥度磁极的磁场分布较集中,可增加资源利用率且锥度为1∶0.6时磁场分布较强.分析了开槽能够改善磁场梯度分布,且开矩形槽和槽深宽之比为1∶1时产生的磁场效果最佳.并采用试验验证,磁极有锥度后工件表面质量改善效果要比无锥度磁极好.     

圆盘式磁流变液传动装置设计与仿真

结合Bingham模型分析了磁流变液传动装置的动力传递机理,并设计了圆盘式磁流变液传动装置结构。利用有限元分析软件Ansoft Maxwell进行了磁路设计和磁场仿真,得到了传动装置的磁场分布云图。搭建了磁场测试实验台,对传动装置的磁场进行了测试。所设计的传动装置能够满足工作要求,为下一步实验的展开奠定了基础。     

在线铁谱仪磁场的优化设计

提出了一种适用于在线铁谱仪磁场的优化设计方法。首先建立结合永磁体与电磁铁的混合磁铁模式,然后设计一种以磨粒所受磁力为依据的衡量磁场性能的目标函数,再采用改进遗传算法和有限元方法对混合磁铁进行了优化设计。以优化结果为依据研制了混合磁铁,并进行了实验测试。结果表明,与磁感应强度相比,所提出的目标函数更适合判断铁谱仪磁场的性能;混合磁铁满足在线铁谱仪的功能要求,体积只有电磁铁的1/3。     

Rotating-coil calibration in a reference quadrupole,considering roll-angle misalignment and higher-order harmonics

A method is proposed for calibrating the radius of a rotating coil sensor by relaxing the metrological constraints on alignment and field errors of the reference quadrupole. A coil radius calibration considering a roll-angle misalignment of the measurement bench, the magnet, and the motor-drive unit is analyzed. Then, the error arising from higher-order harmonic field imperfections in the reference quadrupole is assessed. The method is validated by numerical field computation for both the higher-order harmonic errors and the roll-angle misalignment. Finally, an experimental proof-of-principle demonstration is carried out in a calibration magnet with sextupole harmonic.     

Development of side wall type permanent magnet flowmeter for sodium flow measurement in large pipes of SFRs

Sodium cooled Fast Reactors (SFR) require measurement of liquid sodium flow in its primary and secondary circuits. For the primary system of the pool type concept of SFR design, flowmeters have to be immersed in sodium pool and require flow sensors which can withstand high temperatures up to 550 °C, nuclear radiation and chemically reactive sodium environment. Secondary circuits and safety grade decay heat removal (SGDHR) circuits of SFR need flow measurement in stainless steel (SS) pipes of diameter varying from 15 mm to 800 mm. For small pipes, flowmeters with permanent magnet flowmeter with ALNICO-V magnet assembly is the unanimous choice. Conventional permanent magnet flowmeters (PMFM) for large pipelines become bulky, heavy and have installation problems. For sodium flow measurement in large pipelines a few other alternate methods are considered. In the case of Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), which is at an advanced stage of construction at Kalpakkam, flow in the 800 mm diameter secondary main circuit is measured by means of a bypass flowmeter. Other sensors that could be deployed include eddy current flowmeters (ECFM), which are introduced into the pipe to measure flow velocity in the pipe, ultrasonic flowmeters and permanent magnet based side wall flowmeters. In permanent magnet based side wall flowmeter (SWFM), a permanent magnet block is mounted on one side of the large pipe and the magnetic field produced by the magnet penetrates through the pipe and interacts with the flowing sodium and induces an electro motive force (emf) proportional to the flow. This is a compact, cost effective and fairly accurate method for flow measurement in large pipelines of SFR circuits. SWFM is suitable for pipelines of 100 mm and above. In the present work a side wall flowmeter for 100 mm pipe is designed, manufactured, calibrated and tested in an existing sodium facility. Voltage signal developed in SWFM for different flowrates was simulated with three dimensional Finite Element Model (FEM) and validated with experimental results. Effect of asymmetric magnetic field on flowmeter voltage signal and dependence of flowmeter voltage signal on position of electrodes was also analyzed with model. The feasibility of use of this type of flowmeter for large pipelines of SFRs is demonstrated.     

Calculation and measurement of the magnetic field in a large diameter electromagnetic flow meter

An idealized magnet model previously used in a simple coil configuration is applied to a more complicated engineering design problem, where an electromagnetic flow meter in diameter of 500 mm is used with five pairs of coils. The numerical results are compared with measurement data. The difference between theory and experiment and the possible causes of errors are discussed. It is shown that the idealized magnet model is practical for the design and the analysis of the flow meter. The work also shows that the traditional uniform field design based on two dimensional (2D) analysis is not suitable for this kind of flow meter. Thus nonuniform field and 3D analysis is needed.     

In situ calibration of rotating sensor coils for magnet testing

An in situ procedure for calibrating equivalent magnetic area and rotation radius of rotating coils is proposed for testing accelerator magnets shorter than the measuring coil. The procedure exploits measurements of magnetic field and mechanical displacement inside a reference quadrupole magnet. In a quadrupole field, an offset between the magnet and coil rotation axes gives rise to a dipole component in the field series expansion. The measurements of the focusing strength, the displacement, and the resulting dipole term allow the equivalent area and radius of the coil to be determined analytically. The procedure improves the accuracy of coils with large geometrical irregularities in the winding. This is essential for short magnets where the coil dimensions constrain the measurement accuracy. Experimental results on different coils measuring small-aperture permanent magnets are shown.     

类磁栅液压缸位移传感器工作机理及仿真分析

由于类磁栅液压缸位移传感器在定量分析困难及测量精度不高等方面的不足, 使其独特的结构优势无法得到充分发挥。在充分分析其结构的基础上, 利用电磁场相关理论, 采用分子电流假说建立了永磁体数学模型, 通过Ansoft Maxwell软件对所求模型进行仿真并验证了所求模型的准确性。详细介绍两种磁敏感元件的工作原理和响应模型, 依托对敏感元件响应模型本身及工作过程仿真数据的分析, 得到霍尔元件更适合作为传感器的敏感元件及类磁栅液压缸位移传感器的测量精度与永磁体表面形状等几何尺寸密切相关等结论, 为该传感器高精度测量提供理论支撑。     

A giant magnetostrictive actuator based on use of permanent magnet

The giant magnetostrictive actuator has some unique performances, such as precision position resolution, several kilonewtons of force output, fast frequency response, etc., so it is suitable for the field of ultraprecision measurement and ultraprecision machining. Due to the effect of temperature, the displacement of traditional giant magnetostrictive actuator based on the use of electromagnetism transforming must present nonlinearity. For avoiding this problem, a kind of giant magnetostrictive actuator based on the use of permanent magnet is present in this paper. The driving magnetic field generated by permanent magnetic field can avoid skin effect and eddy current caused by electromagnetism transforming mode for giant magnetostrictive actuator and the performances of actuator are better than that based on electromagnetism transforming. The structure and principle about this driving mode are described in this paper and the value and uniformity of magnetic field affected by some key parameters are mainly discussed in this paper. At last, through several experiments of displacement and creep, it is verified that the driving mode of actuator based on use of permanent magnet is advanced.     

混合式永磁同步电机弱磁性能的研究

针对传统永磁同步电机弱磁性能不佳的问题,提出了应用混合式结构来改善永磁同步电机弱磁性能。研究了传统永磁同步电机的结构,得出了传统永磁同步电机弱磁困难的原因是电枢磁势和转子励磁磁势的不对等。分析了混合式永磁同步电机的结构,得出了其转子永磁体用量少,励磁磁势较小;气隙很小同步电感大,短路电流与额定电流的比值小。介绍了应用短路电流与额定电流的比值来判断永磁同步电机弱磁性能的方法,分析得出了混合式结构弱磁性能要好于传统永磁同步电机。采用了基于直轴电流负向控制的附加闭环方法进行弱磁控制,对传统永磁同步电机和混合式永磁同步电机的弱磁性能进行了对比实验,混合式结构的弱磁扩速倍数为传统式结构的2.63倍。研究结果表明,混合式结构可以有效提升永磁同步电机弱磁性能。     

A polyvalent harmonic coil testing method for small-aperture magnets

A method to characterize permanent and fast-pulsed iron-dominated magnets with small apertures is presented. The harmonic coil measurement technique is enhanced specifically for small-aperture magnets by (1) in situ calibration, for facing search-coil production inaccuracy, (2) rotating the magnet around its axis, for correcting systematic effects, and (3) measuring magnetic fluxes by stationary coils at different angular positions for measuring fast pulsed magnets. This method allows a quadrupole magnet for particle accelerators to be characterized completely, by assessing multipole field components, magnetic axis position, and field direction. In this paper, initially the metrological problems arising from testing small-aperture magnets are highlighted. Then, the basic ideas of the proposed method and the architecture of the corresponding measurement system are illustrated. Finally, experimental validation results are shown for small-aperture permanent and fast-ramped quadrupole magnets for the new linear accelerator Linac4 at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research).     

传感器内部磁场分布对磁弹索力传感器性能的影响

为了掌握磁弹索力传感器中磁场分布特点及其对传感器性能的影响,为磁弹索力传感器的设计提供参考,在讨论磁弹索力传感原理基础上,结合磁弹索力传感器结构原理分析磁弹索力传感器内部激励磁场及退磁场分布特点;在同样激励线圈的磁场条件下,通过改变感应线圈长度模拟内部磁场分布的均匀性变化情况,从而对传感器输出与应力关系进行对比性的仿真计算;并按照理论仿真思路,进行实验验证;实验结果表明:磁场均匀性从75％降低到25％时,传感器灵敏度从0.026 9 mV/MPa降低到0.021 9 mV/MPa,重复性误差从0.228％增加到0.734％,与理论仿真定性相符合.