用∑WESH图评价某涂料化工厂的可持续性

介绍了在清洁生产过程中用∑WESH图评价涂料化工厂的可持续发展的原理及方法,并进行了一个实例的评价.从该厂的∑WESH图得出该厂的水及能源的利用率高,所用的原材料的稀缺性都不大,唯一较严重的问题是二甲苯的通过量大,危害性较严重.因此建议该厂在配方上尽量减少二甲苯的使用,开发新产品.     

喷涂前处理污染源的分析及其处理措施

随着我国国民经济的快速发展和国家"节能减排"重点项目的深入开展,各种污染源的分析及其处理措施的研究备受关注.本文在充分研究若干家电企业的钢铁喷涂制件的前处理工艺(如:预脱脂、脱脂、清洗、表调、磷化等)的基础上,分析喷涂前处理过程中的污染源,研究污染源的处理措施.     

酿酒酵母细胞表达异源萜类化合物的研究进展

萜类化合物具有可观的经济价值,但是目前的生产过程复杂、产量低。酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径为萜类化合物的合成提供直接前体,因此酿酒酵母细胞具有合成异源萜类化合物的天然优势。对酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径的清晰认识是对其进行有效利用的基础,本文从代谢途径、关键酶的特点和全局调控机制3个方面对该途径进行了介绍。从代谢途径的构建和优化、模块与底盘细胞的适配、模块构建及组装方式的角度概述了酿酒酵母细胞异源合成单萜、倍半烯萜、二萜、三萜类化合物的研究进展。指出实现酿酒酵母高效合成萜类化合物所需要解决的基础问题是对酿酒酵母甲羟戊酸途径进行更为全面了解和对萜类化合物的天然代谢途径进行明确解析;另外,合成生物学的进一步发展也将为此提供应用基础。     

香叶油的研究进展

为了全面了解香叶油的研究现状,为我国香叶油的开发利用提供思路, 综述了香叶的栽培、组培技术研究、香叶油的应用、香叶油的提取及化学成分研究、香叶油调配研究等方面的现状,并对香叶品种的遗传改良提出一些有益的建议.     

胶原纤维的性能特点和作用

1胶原纤维巴西Novaprom胶原纤维是以精选的牛皮内剖层(真皮)组织提取的,它不同于明胶或明胶的衍生物。它的生产是在严格控制的时间和温度范围内进行的,从而确保其主要成分──胶原蛋白的活性不变,并以天然纤维的形式存在。它在肉制品中的结构呈纤维状而不是一般的胶冻,因而这种结构是非常稳定的,是不可逆的。它是很好的功能性动物纤维蛋白,在肉制品及鱼糜制品等相关的食品中得到广泛的应用。2胶原纤维的性能及相关指标(1)蛋白质含量:胶原纤维中的动物蛋白质(M×6.25)高达98%,含有人体必需的氨基酸。(2)吸水、持水性:胶原纤维结构良好,呈矩…     

鲜为人知的科学珍闻

有言在先,珍闻的挑选奉行以下原则:科学应该是有趣的,科学之所以好玩,部分原因在于你了解、知道这些奇谈怪论的存在。科学的伟大之处在于,它不必是教条的、有价值的实验,也不要求对所有理论进行最准确的过滤以得     

玻璃纤维拉丝池窑配合料设备研制的进展

玻璃纤维池窑拉丝生产线配合料的制备中,原料是形成优质玻璃液的基础,因此可以说配合料的稳定性、均匀性和准确性对玻璃纤维的质量起着决定的作用.生产实践证明:组分和粒度均匀的配合料,不但能强化玻璃液的熔化和澄清过程,而且还能减少或消除影响玻璃质量的各种弊病.所以认真拟定玻璃纤维原料的成分和选择玻璃纤维的种类和化学性质:严格控制进厂原料化学成分、粒度和水份;做好原料的分堆、存放、加工、称量、混合、输送是优质配合料制备不可缺少的手段,这也是做好玻璃纤维池窑配合料的基本任务.     

氢氧化镁阻燃剂的研究进展

主要论述了国内外阻燃剂的种类和发展,指出由于环境和健康的原因,无机阻燃剂是最有发展前途的,其中的氢氧化镁因其特有的性质,在无机阻燃剂中尤为突出.考虑到氢氧化镁的广泛应用的前景和其本身的缺点,对其改性成为业界的研究重点,其中主要介绍了钛酸酯、硬脂酸(盐)、镁盐晶须和胶囊化等技术,指出以后的发展方向是在改性基础上的协同作用.     

高浸透性大分子聚酯乳液的研制

1前言 随着池窑生产的发展,原有的浸润剂在快速浸润性和快速浸透性方面无法得到满足.意大利DSM公司聚酯乳液是公认的喷射纱浸润剂最好的成膜剂.本项目的目的是研制出能工业化生产的与DSM公司产品质量相当的聚酯乳液,替代进口,节约外汇,满足我国池窑发展需要,争创良好的经济社会效益.     

宁静——使艺术深华

宁静的山是心灵的绘画,宁静的水是灵魂的诗篇,宁静的夜是精神的书籍。在这越来越充斥着物欲纵横的社会,浮躁成了现代人的代名词,而保持一颗宁静的心,尤其在艺术创作中显得尤为重要。     

改性石墨冷凝器在氯乙酸装置中的应用与技术分析

对比了石墨冷凝器和玻璃冷凝器的导热能力。在氯乙酸生产中用石墨设备代替玻璃设备,可以减小设备体积,提高冷却效果,节约投资费用,设备更加经久耐用,有利于安全、清洁、文明生产。     

苯酐装置采用部分冷凝器的探讨

介绍了苯酐装置系统中增加部分冷凝器的流程，操作讨论了加部分凝冷器前后的经济效益。结果表明，装置系统改造能提高切换冷凝器的寿命，提高苯酐收率。     

液化石油气低温储库循环水冷热能综合利用

为充分利用液化石油气低温储库的冷热能,设置冷水罐、热水罐,将丙烷加热器出来的冷水进入冷水罐,作为丙烷冷凝器的冷却水,丙烷冷凝器出来的热水进入热水罐,作为丙烷加热器的热水来源。通过液化石油气低温储库中的循环水冷热能综合利用,降低了运行费用,达到了节能降耗的目的。     

对年产四万吨尿素生产工艺水平衡的研究

研究了尿素生产一段吸收塔的水平衡以及影响水平衡的因素。同时核算二循一冷，二循二冷的加水量和回收NH3量，以确保系统水平衡，从而保证合成塔具备优良的H2O/CO2比，以达到提高CO2转化率的目的。     

尿素装置节能改造

通过合成塔增加塔盘提高转化率；高压氨泵油氨分离器氨回收到工艺冷凝液槽；中压甲铵冷凝器改为双程换热器；入界区氨管线增设过滤器；中压吸收塔入口管由法兰连接改为焊接连接；中压吸收塔固定泡罩密封改造；氨升压泵加副线，入界区氨直接用作回流氨；低压甲铵液储槽内增设分布吸收管；增加解吸给料泵到氨预热器的吸收液管线；蒸发系统二段蒸发分离器、收集器、二段蒸发加热器改造。这样解决了生产中的当务之急，消化了国外的先进技术，使尿素产量、质量达到设计值，消耗指标也基本接近设计值。     

Refractory compounds of basic composition for the monolithin lining of steel-teeming ladles

Conclusions Questions of the method of production of basic ramming compounds at Panteleimonovka Refractory Plant and their use in the monolithic lining of the walls of 160-ton steel-teeming ladles of the No. 2 Converter Shop of Kirvoi Rog Steel Combine are considered.An analysis of the wear of the lining during service showed that it occurs as the result of spalling of the sintered zone and salamandering of the lining. The use of a movable thermally insulated lid made it possible to hold the temperature of the ladle lining within limits of 730–1120°C between heats and to obtain a basic rammed lining life of 21–39 heats as opposed to an average life for the shop of 14.8 heats.A reserve for increasing the ladle basic lining life is optimization of the thermal conditions of its service, including high-temperature heating of the lining before pouring of the metal, the use of thermally insulated lids with the minimum consumption of time for placing of them, an increase in the life of the well refractory to the life of the walls and bottom, and elimination of cooling of the lining between heats.A Discussion: Problems of the Production and Use of Refractories for the Lining of Steel-Teeming Ladles. [For the start of the discussion see No. 8 (1988) and for the continuation Nos. 9–12 (1988) and Nos. 1–3, 5, and 7 (1989).]Deceased.I. I. Glaka, N. F. Drobot, N. V. Kurmaz, B. P. Zinchenko, S. A. Poznyak, I. M. Ryaboshapkin, V. V. Slushko, A. A. Chulkov, Yu. Bormatov, S. I. Vanchyuk, V. I. Dobrovol'skii, B. G. Zhuravel', N. I. Kiyan, L. I. Nekrasov, N. M. Sokolov, P. V. Khomenko, G. A. Nikitenko, S. Dorgobuzov, P. I. Valiev, N. N. Gorbatko, V. I. Kovalenko, and M. I. Lyakhov of Krivoi Rog Steel participated in the preparation and tests of the basic monolithic linings.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 1–4, August, 1989.     

Gel permeation chromatography measurements on PVC resins and plasticisers

The value of gel permeation chromatography (g.p.c.) measurements of PVC resins is discussed in relation to quality control of commercial suspension types. Some examples of simple solvent fractionation and precipitation with methanol are given. In addition, chromatograms of selected plasticisers are shown for analytical identification together with an indication of an approximate determination of the mol. wt. of plasticisers ranging from 400–10,000. Finally a short discussion of the influence of the parameters of operation, i.e. flow rate, volume of injection and concentration of the solution in tetrahydrofuran, is given. It is concluded that g.p.c. determinations of weight-average mol. wt. are in fair agreement with light-scattering measurements.     

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage in the case of fully adiabatic electron transition

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage and on the width at half maximum of the current-overvoltage curve is studied. A number of the approximate expressions for the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are obtained in the fully adiabatic limit for different particular cases. It is shown that at small values of the coupling of the electronic levels of the electrodes with the valence orbital of the redox molecule and the small values of the bias voltage two regions of the reorganization Gibbs energy exist with different dependence of the width on the reorganization Gibbs energy. The results of calculations of the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are presented and used for the interpretation of the experimental data [N.G. Tao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4066, I. Visoly-Fisher, K. Daie, Y. Terazono, C. Herrero, F. Fungo, L. Otero, E. Durantini, J.J. Silber, L. Sereno, D. Gust, T.A. Moore, A.L. Moore, S.M. Lindsay, PNAS 103 (2006) 8686].     

The compositions of some unhydrolyzed naturally occurring waxes,calculated using functional group analysis and fractionation by molecular distillation,with a note on the saponification of carnauba wax and the composition of the resulting fractions

Summary Methods for the determination of acid, ester, hydroxyl, and ketone (or aldehyde) groups and of mean molecular weights of small samples of natural waxes are reported. Complete analyses can be made on 0.5 g. of sample. A simplified procedure for quantitative separation of acid and unsaponifiable fractions of a wax is also reported. Molecular distillations of beeswax, caranda wax, crude and refined candelilla wax, and ouricury wax, have fractionated these complex mixtures into simpler ones. Hydrocarbons and free unsubstituted alcohols and acids, if present, distil readily at 150°C. A pot still suitable for convenient molecular distillation of up to 100-g. charges of waxes or other high melting materials is described. A method for the calculation of composition of unhydrolyzed waxes based upon function group analysis of molecular distillation fractions is described. Results of application of this method to the waxes distilled are reported and show the ubiquitousness of hydroxy acids. All of the above waxes and carnauba wax contain major proportions of esters of the hydroxy acids, and none contains as much as one-half simple esters of unsubstituted acids and alcohols. A portion of a dissertation submitted by Thomas Wagner Findley to the Graduate School of the Ohio State University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree. S. C. Johnson and Son Inc. Fellow in Physiological Chemistry, 1946-50.     

Reflection of a shock wave from a rigid wall in a mixture of a liquid metal and solid particles

The problem of reflection of shock waves and expansion waves from a rigid wall in a mixture of liquid iron and small molybdenum crystals is considered. The study is performed within the framework of equilibrium and nonequilibrium approximations of mechanics of heterogeneous media with different pressures of the components. The mathematical model is verified by fitting the dependence of the equilibrium-frozen velocity of sound on the initial pressure in the mixture with available experimental data. In the equilibrium approach, the dependence of the type of the reflected wave on the type of the incident wave is determined. Direct numerical calculations within the framework of the nonequilibrium model of mechanics of heterogeneous media confirmed the validity of the reflection chart obtained. The possibility of significant compacting of molybdenum particles in reflected waves is revealed. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 97–107, July–August, 2000. This work was performed within the framework of the Integration Project No. 97-24 of the Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.