玄武岩纤维物化性能的研究

通过选取辽宁建平、辽宁黑山、黑龙江鸡西三处的玄武岩原料,进行化学成分分析比较最终确定选用的玄武岩用于工业生产试验。介绍对玄武岩熔体的结晶性能、析晶性能、温度-粘度关系、热焓值等进行分析、试验和计算的情况。结果表明：虽然玄武岩纤维拉丝温度很高,并容易结晶,但在升温到相同拉丝温度条件下,玄武岩的粘度比玻璃低,所需热量比玻璃少。由此可知,玄武岩纤维拉丝完全可能。     

纤维用玄武岩矿特性对其可纺性及纤维性能的影响研究

以重点靶区玄武岩矿石、非靶区辉绿岩矿石为原料,对其进行粉碎加工后进行拉丝试验,研究了矿石组构、矿物组分与化学成分对其可纺性及纤维性能的影响.结果表明:可纺性较好的纤维用玄武岩矿石,其岩性一般为青灰色致密玄武岩,其次为青灰色斜斑玄武岩,具有斑状结构、块状构造,而杏仁状、气孔状及凝灰质玄武岩可纺性较差;主要矿物组分为斜长石...     

高质量玄武岩纤维技术发展的历程及拓展

介绍了高质量玄武岩纤维技术的发展。2019年，四川谦宜复材料有限公司开发了一种高质量玄武岩原料配方技术，该技术引入硼镁矿(B₂O₃)作为助熔剂，碳酸锰矿(MnO₂)作为澄清和脱色剂。建造了第一条2400孔漏板3 500吨池窑炉拉丝示范线，以生产高质量玄武岩纤维，克服了目前玄武岩纤维池窑拉丝生产线的六大技术瓶颈。这项技术在2020年实现了11项创新，共有三项关键技术。此外，本文阐述了高质量玄武岩纤维在高强度、高模量、耐热、耐碱和热塑性复合材料领域的应用前景。还对跨行业投资玄武岩纤维行业的企业提出了几点建议。     

玄武岩纤维原矿的化学成分和物相分析

介绍了采用X射线衍射法分析略阳玄武岩的化学组分,并将结果与国外成熟玄武岩的化学组分进行了对比。利用热差分析法及比重法分析了略阳玄武岩原矿的最高熔化温度、最高析晶温度并推断烧失量的组成成分。通过对略阳玄武岩原矿的物相分析后确定出可以用略阳玄武岩来制备玄武岩连续纤维,且其适宜的拉丝成型温度在1,320～1,340,℃。而这些实验数据又为后续的拉丝实验提供理论依据。     

六盘水地区玄武岩的矿物组成形态及熔融特性研究

针对六盘水地区的玄武岩,利用X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、扫描电镜等分析了该玄武岩的化学组成、矿物组成、表面形貌等性质,采用灰锥法结合热力学计算的方法研究了该玄武岩高温熔融特性。研究结果表明,该玄武岩主要包含拉长石、辉石、黏土等矿物,其化学成分处于玄武岩纤维制备要求范围,但其酸度系数为8.86,超过适宜成纤范围;该玄武岩高温流动温度1 268℃,计算完全熔化温度1 275.18℃,主要析晶温度范围在1 100～1 300℃,初始析出晶相为长石和氧化物。     

玄武岩熔体高温粘度和析晶性能研究

玄武岩熔体的粘度 -温度关系和析晶性能是研究玄武岩纤维制备过程最重要的物性参数。本实验研究了玄武岩及其加入红砖和炉渣共三种试样熔化后高温熔体的粘度及熔体水淬后玻璃态试样的析晶性能。得到了三种试样的温度 -粘度曲线和析晶温度范围 ,并对它们进行了分析比较。实验结果表明 ,粘度强烈地依赖于温度而变化 ,同时也显示了化学组成的变化对熔体粘度和析晶温度产生较大的影响     

玄武岩熔体体高温粘度和析晶性能研究

玄武岩熔体的粘度-温度关系和析晶性能是研究玄武岩纤维制备过程最重要的物性参数。本实验研究了玄武岩及其加入红砖和炉渣共三种试样熔化后高温熔体的粘度及熔体水淬后玻璃态试样的析晶性能。得到了三种试样的温度-粘度曲线和析晶温度范围,并对它们进行了分析比较。实验结果表明,粘度强烈地依赖于温度而变化,同时也显示了化学组成的变化对熔体粘度和析晶温度产生较大的影响。     

玄武岩原料组成对其纤维抗拉强度的影响

为了了解玄武岩原料组成对其纤维力学性能的影响,通过对玄武岩纤维及其原料的力学性能、SEM、XRF和XRD测试等,研究了玄武岩原料的化学组成、矿物组成对纤维力学性能的影响,结果表明:玄武岩纤维表面存在凸起、划痕等缺陷,且缺陷随机分布,造成其力学性能与理论值相去甚远,纤维原丝的抗拉强度在1600～2000MPa波动;玄武岩原料的化学组成与矿物组成,均会影响其熔融、析晶过程,进而造成纤维表面及内部结构的缺陷,且影响玄武岩纤维的空间网络结构,从而影响纤维的力学性能。     

Bi2O3对钠钙硅玻璃熔体性质的影响研究

浮法玻璃的熔化是在非常高的温度下进行的,且熔化和澄清占总能耗的60%左右。本文以降低浮法玻璃熔化温度为出发点,研究氧化铋的引入对浮法玻璃熔体性质、熔化温度、玻璃结构的影响。研究表明:在浮法玻璃组成中引入氧化铋,加入0.5%～2%的氧化铋后,未改变玻璃的基本结构。加入Bi₂O₃后玻璃熔体的粘度明显降低,在玻璃熔体粘度为Lgη=1.35 Pa·s时,A₅玻璃试样的对应温度与A₁相比,降低约30℃。     

轻质碳酸镁纤维的制备

以MgSO₄·7H₂O和K₂CO₃为原料、PEG为结构导向剂,采用共沉淀法合成出轻质碳酸镁纤维,其废液为K₂SO₄/K₂Mg(SO₄)₂溶液。通过XRD、SEM和TG-DTA对样品进行表征,探究了影响轻质碳酸镁组成和形貌的因素及活性碳酸镁纤维形成机理。结果表明：在室温,搅拌速率为300 rad·min^-1、Mg SO₄浓度为1.0 mol·L^-1、Mg SO₄与K₂CO₃摩尔比为1∶1.1、PEG添加量为MgSO₄·7H₂O质量的30%的条件下,可制备分散性良好、晶须平均长度约为15.89μm、直径0.97μm、长径比为16.38的轻质碳酸镁纤维。     

Surface Tension and Density of Bismuth Germanate Melts as a Function of Composition and Temperature

The surface tension and density of x Bi₂O₃–(1− x )GeO₂ (BGO) melts have been measured systematically from their respective melting points up to around 1480 K within 0.25≤ x ≤0.86. With the addition of Bi₂O₃, the density of this system increased smoothly with a positive curvature. Deviation of molar volume from ideality of this system melts decreased firstly, past a minimum at about x =0.4, and then increased. Partial molar volumes of Bi₂O₃ and GeO₂ have also been calculated based on the measured density data and compared with those of a binary bismuth borate system. On increasing the content of Bi₂O₃, the surface tension of BGO melts increased slowly when x <∼0.40, past a maximum at about x =0.50, and then decreased rapidly. In addition, the temperature coefficient of surface tension remained positive within the lower content range of Bi₂O₃, changed sign from positive to negative at about x =0.38, and then was almost independent of the composition within the measured temperature range when the Bi₂O₃ content was increased further.     

基于镁铝水滑石的Mo/Al2O3-MgO催化剂制备及其加氢脱硫性能

生产低硫或无硫柴油是当今世界范围内清洁燃料发展的趋势,加氢脱硫（HDS）是大规模生产清洁柴油最为有效的技术之一,而研制高活性的HDS催化剂成为该技术的关键。以镁铝水滑石与氧化铝的复合氧化物为载体,通过等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mo/Al₂O₃-MgO催化剂,以二苯并噻吩（DBT）的正庚烷溶液为原料,在固定床反应器上评价所得催化剂的HDS活性,考察了不同镁铝比的水滑石、焙烧温度和添加量对催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响。研究结果表明,镁铝比、焙烧温度和添加量均影响催化剂的酸性、金属还原性、硫化性能和MoS₂片晶的堆垛度等,当镁铝摩尔比为3、焙烧温度为800℃、成型时水滑石加入量为10%（质量分数）时,所制备催化剂的HDS活性最高,其脱硫率可达96.2%。这是由于该催化剂的酸性较适宜,活性组分与载体间的相互作用力适中,活性组分更易硫化,有助于提高MoS₂片晶的堆垛度进而改善催化剂的HDS性能。     

An Examination of Surface Tension of Binary Lithium Borate Melts as a Function of Composition and Temperature

Surface tensions of x Li₂O–(1− x )B₂O₃ melts, where 0≤ x ≤0.68, have been measured systematically with a ring method from respective liquidus temperatures up to about 1450 K. For all of the investigated melts, the relationship between surface tension and temperature can be well described by quadratic polynomial functions. With increasing Li₂O content, surface tension monotonously increased, whereas the temperature coefficient of surface tension increased slowly up to about x =0.1, changed sign from positive to negative at about x =0.2, and then remained negative with further increasing Li₂O content. Together with the physical properties reported in our previous work, such as density, temperature coefficient of density, and volume expansion coefficient, etc., both surface tension and temperature coefficient of surface tension have been comparatively plotted as a function of Li/B molar ratio. Differentiated from the inflections of slope in the plots of physical properties vs. Li/B molar ratio, three characteristic regions have been found in the melts of this system. Within different regions, different effects of temperature and concentration on the physical properties of melts have been observed.     

玄武岩纤维产业的发展综述

综述了玄武岩纤维的国内外发展情况;详细介绍了玄武岩纤维的成分和性能、玄武岩纤维的分类、适于生产连续玄武岩纤维的玄武岩矿石选择标准、生产工艺及工艺水平等;分析了玄武岩纤维的应用领域和应用前景,并提出了发展建议.     

反应吸附强化C2/C3烃水蒸气重整制氢反应热力学计算

为拓宽反应吸附强化水蒸气重整制氢（ReSER）原料的应用范围,采用化工流程模拟软件Aspen Plus,针对包括C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈ 的C2/C3轻烃 ReSER制氢反应可行性和优化条件进行热力学分析计算。在选择的反应压力0.1～5 MPa,温度200～800℃,水碳摩尔比（S/C）1～8和吸附剂中氧化钙和原料碳摩尔比（Ca/C）0～5条件下进行热力学分析计算。计算结果表明：在优选的水碳比（S/C）4,钙碳比（Ca/C）2.5,温度200～650℃,压力0.1～1.8 MPa的条件下, C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈均可分别通过ReSER反应获得H₂含量在95%以上的产物,产物中H₂浓度均随着水碳比和钙碳比的增大而提高。在假设的水碳比4,钙碳比2.5条件下,当CO₂脱除率达到0.9以上,C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈的反应温度分别高于250、400、250、350℃时,产物中H₂摩尔分数均可达到95%以上,产物中的H₂浓度随着反应温度的升高和CO₂脱除率的增加而提高。当CO₂脱除率低于0.9,产物H₂摩尔分数要达到95%时,C₂H₄、C₂H₆、C₃H₆、C₃H₈的反应温度均需升高50℃。在相同长度C链的烃类中,烯烃比烷烃更容易发生ReSER反应。而原料的碳链越长,则越容易发生ReSER制氢反应。     

Structure of Glasses and Melts in the Na2O·GeO2·B2O3 System

Density and viscosity results are presented for ternary Na₂O·GeO₂·B₂O₃ melts (∼600° to 1300°C) and glasses containing as much as 35 mole % Na₂O. Synthetic partial molar volume models indicate a fairly broad stability region for BO₄ tetrahedra in the B₂O₃-rich melts. Similar models for GeO₂-rich melts reveal a more limited stability region for GeO₆ octahedra. The expansion coefficient contours and viscosity isotherms confirm the volume-based conclusions for the liquid state. The high-temperature volume models were used to develop glass volume models that agree to within several percent of experiment. It has been concluded that the melts and glasses possess similar structures. The relatively greater compositional stability of GeO₆ octahedra in the presence of B₂O₃ (compared to Al₂O₃) can be related to the smaller average number of oxygens around boron (III), at a fixed O/Ge ratio, compared to aluminum (III). Evidence is presented for a slight decrease of the thermal stability of GeO₆ octahedra in the GeO₂-rich melts above about 1000°C.     

SiO2气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料的常压制备及性能表征

SiO₂气凝胶的力学性能较差,隔热性能较强,为了使其成为良好的隔热材料,本文提出一种SiO₂气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料的制备方法。以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为前驱体,玻璃纤维和陶瓷纤维为增强体,硅烷偶联剂KH550和KH570为纤维处理剂,在常压条件下制备SiO₂气凝胶纤维隔热复合材料,并对材料性能进行表征。结果表明:前驱体中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)含量越高,复合材料中SiO₂气凝胶导热系数越低,低至0.028 W/(m·K);使用硅烷偶联剂KH550时,基体和纤维之间结合的紧密程度更高;纤维的加入使SiO₂气凝胶的力学性能达到很高水平;当前驱体中TEOS与CTAB摩尔比为1∶0.022时,经KH550处理的玻璃纤维/SiO₂气凝胶复合材料导热系数为0.054 W/(m·K),力学性能良好,隔热性能最优。     

玄武岩纤维和钢纤维含量对树脂基摩擦材料性能的影响研究

以酚醛树脂、丁腈橡胶、重晶石、玄武岩纤维和钢纤维等为原料进行摩擦材料的制备,研究了玄武岩纤维和钢纤维含量对摩擦材料力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,当玄武岩纤维含量为10％～25％(质量分数,下同)时,随着纤维含量的减少,摩擦材料的冲击强度增大、压缩强度减小;当纤维总量占30％且玄武岩纤维与钢纤维质量比为1:1时...     

Effect of production conditions of basalt glasses on their physicochemical properties and drawing temperature range of continuous fibers

The effect of temperature-time basaltic rock melting regimes on physicochemical properties of the resultant glasses is studied. The high-frequency melting of rocks at elevated temperatures is shown to reduce the glassmaking time, ensure a more complete degassing and homogenization of melts to provide them with a high chemical homogeneity, and result in expanded temperature range of fiber drawing due to the optimized physicochemical parameters. The basalt fibers thus fabricated have a practically flaw-free surface and, consequently, high strength properties.     

Volume Relations in Na2O·B2O3 and Na2O·SiO2 B2O3, Melts at 1300·C

Density (and some viscosity) data are presented for binary sodium borate melts containing as much as 60 mole % Na₂O and for ternary sodium silicoborate melts with B/Si <2.0 between 1000°C and 1300°C. The high-temperature partial molar volume analysis of the binary sodium borate melts reveals about 50% BO₄ tetrahedra at the 40 mole % Na₂O composition, in agreement with recent NMR estimates for the binary glasses. No "boron anomaly" was found near 18 mole % Na₂O at high temperature. The synthetic partial molar volume model that agrees best with experiment for all ternary melts studied involves the presence of some BO₄ tetrahedra, the percentage of which varies with composition. This ternary model involves a high degree of internal consistency. No tendency toward extensive micro-immiscibility was observed for ternary melts near the SiO₂·B₂O₃ binary.