昆明国家开发银行大楼混合减震分析

昆明开发银行办公楼处于高烈度区,且建筑平面为"凹"形,对结构抗震不利,钢框架及钢框架—支撑结构体系不能满足设计要求。为改善结构的抗震性能,采用了钢框架+防屈曲耗能支撑+黏滞阻尼器的混合减震结构体系,实现了各地震作用下设定的抗震设计性能目标。该混合减震结构的减震特点是在小震时,防屈曲支撑处于弹性变形阶段,以黏滞阻尼器耗能为主;在中震时,部分防屈曲耗能支撑开始耗能,黏滞阻尼器的阻尼力仍随速度增长而变大,黏滞阻尼器与防屈曲耗能支撑都对结构进行耗能减震;在大震时,大部分防屈曲耗能支撑发挥耗能作用,形成饱满的耗能滞回曲线,对结构的整体耗能占主导作用。     

可更换钢管铅芯阻尼器偏心支撑框架分析

为解决传统偏心支撑结构震后修复困难、经济性差的问题,提出了以钢管铅芯阻尼器作为耗能梁段的可更换耗能梁段偏心支撑结构方案。共设置18组试件,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对不同钢管高径比、径厚比、钢材屈服强度情况下的可更换钢管铅芯阻尼器K型、D型偏心支撑钢框架进行结构分析,考察了耗能梁段、整体框架结构的变形机制、滞回耗能能力以及局部屈曲、局部破坏形态。分析结果表明:可更换钢管铅芯阻尼器偏心支撑框架耗能性能优良、工作性能稳定,钢管铅芯阻尼器首先发生屈服,钢管与铅芯协同工作,并起到主要的耗能作用。在可更换偏心支撑结构实际工程应用中的钢管铅芯阻尼器,建议其钢管高径比宜小于3、钢管径厚比宜大于0.13、钢管钢材宜采用软钢及低屈服点钢。     

型钢阻尼器在双肢摇摆墙结构中的作用研究

本文对菱形开孔H型钢阻尼器进行研究,通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行数值模拟分析,验证了此种阻尼器具有良好的滞回性能;对某12层框架结构、框架-双肢摇摆墙混凝土连梁结构和框架-双肢摇摆墙菱形开孔H型钢阻尼器结构进行动力时程分析,通过不同工况的分析结果表明,菱形开孔H型钢阻尼器加入双肢摇摆墙结构中,达到了双肢摇摆墙结构对阻尼器小震屈服、中震耗能、大震更换的要求;平均了结构层间位移角,减小了结构层间加速度、结构顶点位移,使双肢摇摆墙结构具有更加良好的抗震性能。     

剪切屈服型新型混合联肢墙足尺节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究含型钢边缘构件新型混合联肢墙体系节点的破坏特征和抗震性能,进行3个剪切屈服型连梁的混合联肢墙足尺节点的低周往复加载试验。观察节点的受力过程及破坏形态,并对试件的破坏机理、滞回性能、承载能力、耗能能力、变形组成、节点区设置面承载板以及连梁跨高比的影响进行分析。试验结果表明:新型混合联肢墙节点滞回曲线呈纺锤形,通过合理设置加劲肋,能够较好地限制局部屈曲,使其剪切屈服耗能,具有良好的抗震性能;节点等效黏滞阻尼系数在0.33以上,延性系数在4.75以上,类似于偏心支撑钢框架耗能梁段的性能;面承载板的设置对节点受力性能影响不大;钢连梁在跨高比1.7到4.3之间时都具有优良的抗震性能,能较好地解决混凝土连梁配筋困难、小跨高比连梁延性不足的问题。成果可供混合联肢墙体系的工程设计参考。     

三阶段屈服金属阻尼器抗震性能研究

总结了弯曲屈服型、剪切屈服型、轴向屈服型及弯剪组合屈服型4种不同耗能机理的分阶段屈服金属阻尼器的研究现状。在此基础上,提出了一种由矩形剪切钢板和U形弯曲钢板组合的三阶段屈服金属阻尼器,分析了其构造形式、耗能机理及设计参数。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对其进行模拟,结果表明:该阻尼器滞回曲线饱满,耗能性能优良,在不同强度地震作用下能依次实现各耗能钢板的分阶段屈服的目标,以期为分阶段屈服金属阻尼器在实际工程应用中提供借鉴。     

不同构造参数对弧形钢棒阻尼器性能的影响分析

为改善框架结构及底框结构梁柱节点的抗震性能,提出一种弧形钢棒阻尼器,介绍其构造和原理。设计12组不同构造参数的弧形钢棒阻尼器,采用ABAQUS软件对其进行有限元分析,研究截面形状、钢棒数量、截面尺寸、跨度、曲率半径对其滞回耗能能力、承载力特性的影响。研究结果表明:圆形截面弧形钢棒阻尼器的初始刚度、耗能量、等效黏滞阻尼系数略小于方形截面弧形钢棒阻尼器,但其屈服位移较小;单棒布置的阻尼器的耗能效果优于双棒布置的阻尼器;随着阻尼器截面尺寸的增大,阻尼器的初始刚度、耗能量、等效黏滞阻尼系数增加明显,屈服位移呈先减小后增加的趋势;随着阻尼器跨度的增大,初始刚度和等效黏滞阻尼系数总体上呈下降趋势,屈服转角呈上升趋势;随着阻尼器曲率半径的减小,阻尼器的耗能量、等效黏滞阻尼系数、初始刚度逐渐减少,但屈服转角逐渐增大。     

设置黏滞阻尼器的装配整体式框架结构抗震性能试验研究

为研究黏滞阻尼器对装配整体式框架结构抗震性能的影响,分别设计制作了1榀带黏滞阻尼器的装配整体式钢筋混凝土框架模型和普通装配整体式钢筋混凝土框架模型.对两模型进行了水平正弦激励荷载作用下的抗震性能试验,研究了两模型的滞回特性、耗能能力等.试验结果表明:设置黏滞阻尼器框架的滞回曲线较普通框架饱满,结构的耗能能力及附加阻尼比...     

某教学楼抗震设计中软钢阻尼器的运用分析

现今已研发并应用于工程实际的阻尼器有多种形式,软钢阻尼器是较常见的一种。软钢是指硬度小、含碳量低的低碳钢,在进入塑性状态后具有良好的滞回特性,可以在弹塑性滞回变形过程中吸收大量地震能量。软钢阻尼器充分利用了软钢具有较好的屈服耗能性能和进入塑性阶段后良好的滞回特性。软钢阻尼器在实际结构振动控制中具有广泛的应用前景。本文以某学校的教学楼应用软钢阻尼器的减震设计为例,通过对结构进行弹塑性时程分析及对比应用软钢阻尼器的减震结构与非减震结构的抗震性能可知,应用了软钢阻尼器的减震结构具有良好的减震抗震效果,相比于非减震结构抗震性能有显著改善。     

一种全域屈服型软钢阻尼器设计及性能模拟

设计了一种可用于预制装配式混凝土框架结构梁柱节点的梁柱节点软钢阻尼器,对其耗能元件进行形状优化设计,得到全域屈服型耗能元件,并采用有限元软件ABAQUS对全域屈服型耗能元件及梁柱节点软钢阻尼器进行数值模拟分析。研究结果表明:在外部荷载的作用下,全域屈服型耗能元件在其预设耗能段上各截面同时达到初始屈服,当荷载逐步增大时,各截面内部的屈服区域逐步增大,直至各截面达到全截面屈服,提高了材料的利用率;梁柱节点软钢阻尼器的弯矩-转角滞回曲线饱满,耗能性能优良,其耗能能力与全域屈服型耗能元件的尺寸及布置位置有关。     

加肋板D型偏心支撑钢框架在循环荷载作用下的滞回性能分析

D型偏心支撑钢框架是偏心支撑结构中常用的一种耗能形式,通过对2个1∶3比例的偏心支撑钢框架的滞回性能分析,重点研究偏心支撑极限承载力和滞回性能,为偏心支撑钢框架利用屈曲后强度及抗震设计提供依据。分析结果表明,加肋板的D型偏心支撑有良好的强度、刚度和耗能能力,其耗能梁段首先发生剪切屈服,有效地阻止了支撑的屈曲,在整个加载过程中,承载力没有降低。最后对偏心支撑的节点连接提出设计建议。     

基于高强钢碟簧和复合摩擦材料的自复位消能减震阻尼器受力性能与试验研究

为提高建筑结构抗震韧性,实现震时响应可控,震后易修复的性能目标,提出一种基于高强钢碟簧和复合摩擦材料的自复位消能减震阻尼器,给出一种基本构造方案,分析阻尼器不同阶段的工作原理,理论推导滞回曲线及各阶段刚度、承载力计算公式。通过多次往复加载试验,对碟簧和摩擦片的基本性能,以及多次地震作用下阻尼器的滞回性能和低周疲劳性能进行了考察。试验结果表明,高强钢碟簧性能稳定,复合摩擦材料耗能能力优异;基于两者组合的自复位消能减震阻尼器具有良好的可调节刚度、承载力以及优异的自复位性能;阻尼器滞回耗能稳定,可实现震后功能恢复,低周疲劳性能好。提出的阻尼器工作过程中各阶段刚度及承载力计算公式与试验结果吻合较好,可为工程设计提供参考。     

Seismic retrofit of structures using steel honeycomb dampers

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the seismic performance of a honeycomb shaped steel hysteretic damper applied to seismic retrofit or strengthening of a structure. The formulas for the initial stiffness and yield strength of a damper unit were derived based on the cell wall bending model, and the results were compared with those obtained from finite element analysis. Bilinear model of the honeycomb damper was developed based on the nonlinear force-displacement relationship obtained from finite element analysis. The honeycomb dampers were applied for seismic retrofit of a 15-story apartment building designed without considering seismic load and for seismic design of a 3-story moment frame designed with reduced seismic load. The analysis results showed that the honeycomb dampers were effective in the enhancement of seismic-load resisting capacity of the model structures.     

Seismic analysis of benchmark building installed with friction dampers

The 20-storey steel building has been declared as seismically excited benchmark building by structural control community to compare various control strategy, such as active, passive, semi-active and combination thereof. In this study, dynamic behaviour of the benchmark building installed with friction damper is investigated. For evaluation of structural responses, the seismic excitations considered are El Cento, Hachinohe, Northridge and Kobe. The friction damper with numerical rectangular ideal elasto-plastic hysteretic model is proposed to be used for the analysis. The effectiveness of friction dampers for reduction of responses namely, displacement, acceleration, base shear and performance criteria stipulated in the benchmark problem is investigated. Since, the activation of friction damper depends on slip force, a parametric study is also conducted to investigate the optimum slip force of the dampers, which yield the minimum responses. Further, optimal placement of dampers, rather than providing the dampers at all the floor levels is also studied, to minimise the cost of the dampers. Numerical study is also carried out by varying the slip force of dampers along the height of the benchmark building. Results show that for appropriate slip force and optimum location number, friction dampers installed in benchmark building can effectively reduce earthquake-induced responses.     

震后可恢复功能摇摆柱抗震性能试验研究

为实现地震后结构性能快速恢复,针对设置开缝钢板阻尼器的震后可恢复功能摇摆(ERR)柱技术,采用增加螺栓数量以减小连接板与钢板阻尼器端部局部滑移的方法对该技术予以改进.为进一步研究改进后ERR柱的受力特性及性能可恢复性,完成了 8个足尺试件的低周往复加载试验,主要研究轴压比、钢板阻尼板厚度和阻尼器数量等对试件抗震性能的影...     

附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点 动力循环加载性能分析

进行了4个附设黏滞阻尼器及2个未附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点在动力循环荷载作用下的试验研究,获得其荷载-位移滞回曲线,分析其延性、耗能能力等力学性能。结果表明：附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点试件滞回曲线饱满,延性及耗能性能良好。基于试验研究结果,采用ABAQUS软件建立三维有限元模型,对试件进行数值模拟分析,研究附设黏滞阻尼器的传统风格建筑混凝土梁-柱节点的承载力、延性等性能;非线性模拟分析得出的结果与试验实测结果吻合较好。在此基础上对该类构件进行参数分析,研究轴压比、混凝土强度、方钢管屈服强度、阻尼器关键参数等对其力学性能影响。结果表明：随混凝土强度、方钢管屈服强度、阻尼系数提高,试件承载能力逐渐增大;随轴压比及混凝土强度增大,试件的承载力虽有提高,但试件延性逐渐降低;提高方钢管屈服强度,试件延性增大;随着阻尼指数的增大,试件的承载力和位移延性呈现出先上升后下降的特征。表明要提高附设黏滞阻尼器试件的抗震性能,应合理选择黏滞阻尼器的性能参数。     

Shaking table test for evaluating the seismic response characteristics of concentrically braced steel structure with and without hysteretic dampers

This study represents a summary of a current experimental program in the application of an energy dissipation system for seismic protection of structures. Shaking table test has been carried out for the structures with and without a hysteretic damper device for two types of structures in one direction (CBSS: Concentrically Braced Steel Structure, HDSS: Hysteretic Damper Steel structure). The hysteretic damper device which is proposed in this study has been developed to provide relatively high initial stiffness, stable hysteresis with the limited but controlled yield strength in different stories in order to have equal plastic deformation in high intensity of ground motion, and excellent energy dissipation capabilities. The experimental results and test method have been outlined here. In this experiment, the non-linear dynamic response analysis has been performed with different scaling factor for the two types of idealized three-story concentrically braced steel structures. It has been emphasized that the hysteretic damper can absorb the majority of input energy from earthquakes in order to reduce the displacement and damage to the main steel frame. The mechanical properties of dampers such as yield strength and stiffness are defined to have the equal damage at each story.     

Seismic performance of steel structures with slit dampers

During the Northridge and Kobe Earthquakes, many steel moment resisting frames suffered damage at the beam-to-column connections. In order to solve this problem, an innovative structural system with slit dampers was developed in this study, which could not only provide good seismic performance but could also be easily repaired after a heavy earthquake. In the proposed structural system, a mechanical joint is adopted that is equipped with a metallic damper as the beam-to-column connection. The main feature of this system is that plastic deformation is limited to the slit dampers at the bottom flange. The seismic performance of the proposed connection was verified through cyclic tests of three full-scale steel structures that had slit dampers and of one specimen that had a conventional welded moment resisting frame. Test results indicated that the proposed connection showed an excellent hysteretic behavior. In addition, the energy dissipation and plastic deformation in this system were concentrated only at the slit dampers, while the inelastic behavior of the beams and columns is prevented through appropriate capacity design.     

受剪承载力分配率对减震效果影响分析

通过对未安装阻尼器的纯框架结构和按不同的承载力分配率层层设置阻尼器的结构进行非线性地震反应分析,考察不同的承载力分配率条件下软钢阻尼器的减震效果。通过参数分析得到验证,存在使阻尼器的减震效果达到最佳状态的受剪承载力分配率,其值大约为0·4~0·6,同时也表明在较大的分配率范围内阻尼器均具有明显的减震效果。     

消能减震及软钢阻尼器的研究与应用综述

以单自由度体系为例,从结构的力学和能量角度对比分析了传统结构和装有附加耗能装置结构之间的区别,从而得出消能减震结构的原理;从耗能材料、耗能机理、受力形式等不同的角度对各类阻尼器进行了简单的汇总和分类;总结了国内外几种典型的软钢阻尼器,如X形阻尼器、三角形阻尼器、中空菱形阻尼器、圆形阻尼器等,并对这几种软钢阻尼器的提出、发展、优化、几何构造、减震原理等方面做了简要说明;针对目前利用阻尼器耗能的消能减震结构仍存在的很多亟待解决的问题,提出了阻尼器研究中有待解决的若干问题和今后阻尼器设计时可采取的一些建议。结果表明:消能减震结构比传统结构在同样的地震力作用下增加了阻尼器耗能,使原结构的塑性变形耗能和滞回耗能需求减少,从而减轻了主体结构的损伤程度;软钢阻尼器因其构造简单、力学性能稳定、造价相对低廉、耗能效果显著等优点,研究和应用最为普遍;阻尼器设计中应考虑合理设置阻尼器平面形状,设置多个耗能元件及耗能机制,利用新材料新技术减少焊接连接,建立更准确的本构关系以及更完备的指导规范。     

不锈钢复合芯板剪切型摩擦消能器试验研究

为了解决传统摩擦消能器性能不稳定、价格昂贵等问题,研发了一种以双面不锈钢复合钢板为芯板的剪切型摩擦消能器。该消能器由复合钢板的不锈钢复层与石棉摩擦片组成耗能摩擦副,通过碟形弹簧和预压螺栓调节滑动摩擦面承受的面压力。提出了消能器极限位移、极限荷载和面压力等试验关键指标的计算方法。对3个消能器进行低周往复加载试验,考察其滞回曲线、耗能能力、极限破坏特征及疲劳性能。结果表明：采用不锈钢复合芯板的剪切型摩擦消能器构造合理,滞回性能稳定,耗能能力良好,抗疲劳性能优异。设计位移幅值下累积加载90次,消能器承载力不下降,滞回性能稳定。低周疲劳作用下芯板不同材质复合界面性能可靠,不锈钢复合板可用作摩擦消能器的芯板。