3种微量化试剂对沙门氏菌及近源菌的生化鉴定结果比较

评价本实验室研制的沙门氏菌微量生化鉴定试剂盒（简称EasyID）的使用性能。用49株菌（包括沙门氏菌12株标准株,16株分离株;志贺氏菌8株标准株;柠檬酸杆菌1株标准菌和8株分离株;变形杆菌1株标准株和2株分离株;产气肠杆菌1株标准株）,测试EasyID,传统液态生化管（简称HKM）以及国内其他品牌（简称GSA和GSB）的四种鉴定试剂盒。结果表明：49株测试菌株的鉴定结果,EasyID、GSA和GSB三种试剂与HKM传统液态鉴定试剂盒鉴定结果相比总体符合率分别为100%、94.46%、95.10%,EasyID相比GSA和GSB,与HKM的符合率更高;EasyID、HKM、GSA和GSB四种鉴定试剂盒与伯杰氏手册相比总体符合率分别为97.96%、97.96%、93.00%、94.70%,EasyID和HKM符合率最高,其次为GSB,GSA稍低。结论：EasyID沙门氏菌微量生化鉴定试剂盒在可靠性上与传统生化管完全一致,在使用方便性上,采用一步加样技术的EasyID优于HKM、GSA和GSB。     

温州市食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分布及分子分型研究

目的 了解温州市食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的分子分型及分布特征。方法 4 ℃增菌后用选择性培养基对食品中的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌进行分离鉴定,分析阳性菌株的生物型、血清型、毒力基因型、耐药性和脉冲场凝胶电泳（PFGE）分子型别。结果 采集6类食品,共676份样品,其中68份样品检出69株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌,检出率为10.1%（68/676）。调理肉制品检出率最高（20.5%,9/44）,其次为速冻食品（17.2%,11/64）。95.7%（66/69）的分离株为生物1A型,生物血清型以1A/O∶5（29.0%）为主,其次为1A/O∶8（14.5%）;88.4%（61/69）的菌株仅携带ystB基因,检出1株4/O∶3型菌株携带毒力基因ail、ystA、yadA、virF。分离株对14种抗菌药物的敏感率达到94%以上。32株血清已分型菌株,分为29种PFGE带型。结论 温州市食品中存在一定程度的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌污染,且检出致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌,菌株耐药率处于较低水平,分子分型提示菌株呈高度遗传多态性。     

2022年上海市生禽肉和调理肉制品中主要食源性致病菌监测

目的 分析上海市市售生禽肉和调理肉制品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌及小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌等食源性致病菌的污染情况。方法 2022年1～8月,从上海市农贸市场、超市、餐饮店等环节采集样品348份,其中生禽肉240份,调理肉制品108份。按照食品安全国家标准分别对样品中的沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检测。采用VITEK2全自动微生物鉴定仪对可疑菌株进行生化鉴定,并对沙门菌分离株进行血清学分型。结果 生禽肉中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检出率分别为28.33%(68/240)、5.00%(12/240)和0.83%(2/240);调理肉制品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌和小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检出率分别为5.56%(6/108)、28.70%(31/108)和1.85%(2/108);血清学分型结果显示,生禽肉中68株沙门菌分布于14种不同血清型,其中科瓦利斯沙门菌（35.29%）、鼠伤寒沙门菌（16.18%）和肠炎沙门菌（13.24%）占比较高,调理肉制品中6株沙门菌分布于3种不同血清型,分别为肠炎沙门菌（66.67%）、肯塔基沙门菌（16...     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分子生物学检测技术研究进展

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia enterocolitica,Y. enterocolitica）是一种重要的食源性致病菌,可以引起人类的耶尔森氏菌病,该病的典型症状为腹泻、回肠炎和肠系膜淋巴结炎等。由于该菌在特定食品（如肉与肉制品）中的检出率较高,因此对食品安全构成一定的威胁。就现有的检测方法而言,分离纯化和生理生化鉴定方法耗时且难以检测出复杂食品基质中低浓度的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌。所以,研发能够快速、准确地检测食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的鉴别方法迫在眉睫。该研究将小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌现有的分子生物学检测方法分为两大类：变温扩增技术和等温扩增技术进行相关研究最新进展的总结,并对其优缺点和发展方向进行讨论,以期为小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌快速检测方法研究提供参考。     

食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定方法研究进展

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌是一种具有嗜冷特性的食源性致病菌,广泛存在于食品中,对人们健康构成较大威胁。建立高效的分离鉴定技术对该菌进行监控是相关食品安全的重要保障。本文对小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的分离过程,包括分离前增菌、分离前碱处理和平板分离,以及传统生化和血清型鉴定、分子生物学鉴定、免疫学鉴定和谱学鉴定方法等方面的研究进展进行了阐述。小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的深入检测研究不仅有赖于现有分离鉴定方法的不断优化,还需要开发更多新型检测技术应用于菌株溯源分析、流行病学和耐药性等方面的研究,以期为该类菌株资源数据库的建立和整理,预防相关耶尔森氏菌疾病的爆发提供良好的保障。     

居民冰箱食源性致病菌病原学分析

摘 要： 目的 了解北京市朝阳区居民冰箱卫生状况及食源性致病菌耐药与毒力分析。 方法 采集居民冰箱拭子进行大肠菌群、葡萄球菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌 、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定;分离菌株采用微量肉汤稀释法、纸片法及PCR法进行耐药及毒力研究。 结果 120件棉签拭子,大肠菌群、葡萄球菌阳性率48.33%（58/120）、49.17%（59/120）,金黄色葡萄球菌、小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌阳性率2.50%（3/120）、1.67%（2/120）,未检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌。金黄色葡萄球菌红霉素耐药率33.33%（1/3）;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌青霉素、红霉素耐药率23.21%（13/56）、21.43%（12/56）。小肠结肠耶尔森氏菌头孢唑林耐药率50%（1/2）。金黄色葡萄球菌毒力基因seb阳性率66.67%（2/3）,sea、sec、sed、see与耐药基因mecA、vanA阴性;凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌mecA阳性率1.69%（1/59）,sea、seb、sec、sed、see、vanA阴性。小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌毒力基因ail、ystA、virF、yadA阴性,ystB阳性。 结论 北京市朝阳区居民冰箱卫生状况差,存在食源性疾病传播风险,应加强冰箱正确使用宣传教育。     

2018~2019年南昌市市售生鲜肉中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌污染情况分析

目的 了解南昌市生鲜肉品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的污染现状。方法 以市售的生鲜肉品(猪肉、牛肉和鸡肉)为研究对象,2018年8月～2019年7月期间每月从南昌地区当地超市和农贸市场累进行采样。样品经4 ℃冷增菌,划线CIN平板分离后,对可疑菌进行了生化鉴定。比较分析了不同采样场所、不同类型肉品以及不同采样时间小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检出情况。结果 采集的480份样品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的平均检出率为14.8%,来自超市的样品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的检出率高于农贸市场中的样品;猪肉、牛肉和鸡肉样品的阳性检出率分别为7.0%、18.8%和22.5%,其中猪肉和牛肉样品中污染率最高的均为调理肉;2018年12月～2019年4月采集的样品阳性检出率处在较高水平。结论 生鲜肉品中应重点关注整鸡、调理肉品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌污染风险,气温较低或低温贮藏的肉品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌污染风险较高。     

2018—2020年高邮市小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌流行病学及病原学特征分析

目的 了解高邮市小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌流行病学及病原学特征,为本地区该菌的防控提供科学依据。方法 2018-2020年在高邮市采集腹泻患者粪便、家畜家禽粪便、苍蝇及生猪屠宰场组织样本等各类样本共计2682份。采用冷增菌方法进行小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌的分离培养,对分离菌株进行生化鉴定、血清分型、生物分型和毒力基因的荧光PCR检测。结果 2682份样本中共检出小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌120株,检出率为4.47%,包括猪粪源菌株99株,鸭粪源菌株2株,苍蝇源菌株4株,生猪屠宰场源菌株15株。分离菌株血清型以O:3型为主,生物型主要为3型,毒力基因检测结果显示,具有致病性的分离菌株共73株,其中O:3血清型69株、O:9血清型1株和血清未定型3株,且以猪粪源菌株为主。结论 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌在高邮市畜禽动物、苍蝇媒介及生猪屠宰场中存在流行分布,猪的检出率最高,且致病性菌株携带率最高,主要致病型别为生物3型/ O:3血清型（3/ O:3型）。     

新等温扩增技术检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌

应用新型等温扩增检测技术——交叉引物等温扩增结合免疫金标试纸条建立检测小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的方法。针对小肠结肠耶尔森氏菌16-23S rDNA间区序列设计特异性引物及探针,用54株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌及相近株细菌进行特异性试验;通过纯菌液计数、样品中添菌检测进行灵敏度验证;对677份食品用传统生化国标法进行比较检测试验。建立方法具有较好特异性;增菌液检测灵敏度为10~1cfu/mL,当每25g样品中有10~0cfu菌时经增菌步骤后即可检出,样品检测同传统检测结果比较大致相符,没有漏检,假阳性率较低。建立的新型恒温检测方法可用于食品中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌初筛检测。     

致病性小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌分离鉴定及三重PCR检测方法的建立

为鉴定导致患病鲫鱼肛门红肿、腹部有出血点症状的病原菌,并建立一种快速检测该病原菌的方法。本研究从患病鲫鱼中分离了病原菌,采用形态学、理化特性分析及16S rDNA序列分析方法鉴定菌株。采用PCR扩增法检测该菌毒力基因,琼脂纸片扩散法检测该菌株的耐药性,致病性能验证试验检测其致病性。针对该菌ail基因、inv基因和intB基因设计了3条特异性引物,通过对反应体系和条件的优化,建立了一种检测该菌的三重PCR方法并初步应用于患病鲫鱼样品的检测中。结果显示,从患病鲫鱼心脏组织中分离了一株小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌（Yersinia enterocolitica）,命名为fsznc-10。检测到该菌携带ail、ystB、virF、intB毒力基因,该菌对诺氟沙星、庆大霉素等5种抗生素敏感,对鲫鱼具有一定的致病性。三重PCR方法可准确扩增出小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌ail、inv和intB三个目的基因,而其他菌株均未扩增出目的基因。该方法检测该菌DNA最低检出量为1.704×10?6 ng/μL,检测患病鱼心脏样品的阳性率约为86.67%,与16S rDNA序列分析方法的检测符合率为100%。本试验建立的三重PCR检测法具有特异性强、敏感性高、操作简单、成本低的优点。这为临床中小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌的防控和检测提供参考依据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the