Description, analysis, and classification of biomedical signals: a computational intelligence approach

This study provides a general introduction to the principles, algorithms and practice of computational intelligence (CI) and elaborates on those facets with relation to biomedical signal analysis, especially ECG signals. We discuss the main technologies of computational intelligence (namely, neural networks, fuzzy sets or granular computing, and evolutionary optimization), identify their focal points and stress an overall synergistic character, which ultimately gives rise to the highly symbiotic CI environment. Furthermore, the main advantages and limitations of the CI technologies are discussed. In the sequel, we present CI-oriented constructs in signal modeling, classification, and interpretation. Examples of the CI-based ECG signal processing problems are presented.     

Market segmentation of organ donors in Egypt: a bio-inspired computational intelligence approach

First performed in 1954, organ transplantation is a universally practiced clinical procedure. This study uses ant colony optimization (ACO), radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), Kohonen’s self-organizing maps (SOM), and support vector machines (SVMs) to examine the effect of various cognitive, psychographic, and attitudinal factors on organ donation. ACO, RBFNN, SOM, and SVMs are compared to a standard statistical method (linear discriminant analysis [LDA]). The variable sets considered are altruistic values, perceived risks/benefits, knowledge, attitudes toward organ donation, and intention to donate organs. The paper shows how it is possible to identify various dimensions of organ donation behavior by uncovering complex patterns in the dataset and also shows the classification and clustering abilities of machine-learning systems.     

A computational intelligence approach for a better diagnosis of diabetic patients

Knowledge discovery refers to identifying hidden and valid patterns in data and it can be used to build knowledge inference systems. Decision tree is one such successful technique for supervised learning and extracting knowledge or rules. This paper aims at developing a decision tree model to predict the occurrence of diabetes disease. Traditional decision tree algorithms have a problem with crisp boundaries. Much better decision rules can be identified from these clinical data sets with the use of the fuzzy decision boundaries. The key step in the construction of a decision tree is the identification of split points and in this work best split points are identified using the Gini index. Authors propose a method to minimize the calculation of Gini indices by identifying false split points and used the Gaussian fuzzy function because the clinical data sets are not crisp. As the efficiency of the decision tree depends on many factors such as number of nodes and the length of the tree, pruning of decision tree plays a key role. The modified Gini index-Gaussian fuzzy decision tree algorithm is proposed and is tested with Pima Indian Diabetes (PID) clinical data set for accuracy. This algorithm outperforms other decision tree algorithms.     

A computational intelligence approach to efficiently predicting review ratings in e-commerce

Sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, is currently one of the most studied research fields which aims to analyse people's opinions. E-commerce websites allow users to share opinions about a product/service by providing textual reviews along with numerical ratings. These opinions greatly influence future consumer purchasing decisions. This paper introduces an innovative computational intelligence framework for efficiently predicting customer review ratings. The framework has been designed to deal with the dimensionality and noise which is typically apparent in large datasets containing customer reviews. The proposed framework integrates the techniques of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and dimensionality reduction, Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) and the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). The performance of the proposed approach returned high accuracy and the results revealed that when large datasets are concerned, only a fraction of the data is needed for creating a system to predict the review ratings of textual reviews. Results from the experiments suggest that the proposed approach yields better prediction performance than other state-of-the-art rating predictors which are based on the conventional Artificial Neural Network, Fuzzy C-Means, and Support Vector Machine approaches. In addition, the proposed framework can be utilised for other classification and prediction tasks, and its neuro-fuzzy predictor module can be replaced by other classifiers.     

An approach to classification and under-sampling of the interfering wireless signals

Classification of interfering signals that belong to different wireless standards is important topic in wireless communications. In this paper, we propose a procedure for separation and classification of wireless signals belonging to the Bluetooth and to the IEEE 802.11b standards. These signals operate in the same frequency band and may interfere with each other. The procedure is made of a few steps. In the first step, the separation of signal components is done using the eigenvalue decomposition approach. The second stage is based on the compressive sensing approach, used to reduce the number of transmitted samples. A suitable transform domain is chosen for each separated component using ℓ₁-norm as a measure of sparsity. Since the Bluetooth signals are less sparse compared to the IEEE 802.11b signals, after choosing sparse domain, additional sparsification needs to performed to further enhance the sparsity. In the last step of the procedure, the classification is performed by observing the time-frequency characteristics of the reconstructed separated components. The theory is proved by the experimental results.     

Evaluating unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soils stabilized with geopolymer: a computational intelligence approach

Engineering with Computers - Soil stabilization using geopolymers is a new technique for improvement of weak cohesive soils. Evaluating behavior of improved soils requires an initial estimation of...     

Trust,choice, and self-preservation: a computational approach

Cognition, Technology & Work - Trust tends to be described through the lens of a rational choice of a trustor driven by the trustworthiness of a trustee. This, however, does not exhaust...     

Applications of quantum inspired computational intelligence: a survey

This paper makes an exhaustive survey of various applications of Quantum inspired computational intelligence (QCI) techniques proposed till date. Definition, categorization and motivation for QCI techniques are stated clearly. Major Drawbacks and challenges are discussed. The significance of this work is that it presents an overview on applications of QCI in solving various problems in engineering, which will be very much useful for researchers on Quantum computing in exploring this upcoming and young discipline.     

Automatic microstructural characterization and classification using artificial intelligence techniques on ultrasound signals

Secondary phases such as Laves and carbides are formed during the final solidification stages of nickel based superalloy coatings deposited during the gas tungsten arc welding cold wire process. However, when aged at high temperatures, other phases can precipitate in the microstructure, like the γ″ and δ phases. This work presents a new application and evaluation of artificial intelligent techniques to classify (the background echo and backscattered) ultrasound signals in order to characterize the microstructure of a Ni-based alloy thermally aged at 650 and 950 °C for 10, 100 and 200 h. The background echo and backscattered ultrasound signals were acquired using transducers with frequencies of 4 and 5 MHz. Thus with the use of features extraction techniques, i.e., detrended fluctuation analysis and the Hurst method, the accuracy and speed in the classification of the secondary phases from ultrasound signals could be studied. The classifiers under study were the recent optimum-path forest (OPF) and the more traditional support vector machines and Bayesian. The experimental results revealed that the OPF classifier was the fastest and most reliable. In addition, the OPF classifier revealed to be a valid and adequate tool for microstructure characterization through ultrasound signals classification due to its speed, sensitivity, accuracy and reliability.     

Picture fuzzy clustering: a new computational intelligence method

Fuzzy clustering especially fuzzy \(C\)-means (FCM) is considered as a useful tool in the processes of pattern recognition and knowledge discovery from a database; thus being applied to various crucial, socioeconomic applications. Nevertheless, the clustering quality of FCM is not high since this algorithm is deployed on the basis of the traditional fuzzy sets, which have some limitations in the membership representation, the determination of hesitancy and the vagueness of prototype parameters. Various improvement versions of FCM on some extensions of the traditional fuzzy sets have been proposed to tackle with those limitations. In this paper, we consider another improvement of FCM on the picture fuzzy sets, which is a generalization of the traditional fuzzy sets and the intuitionistic fuzzy sets, and present a novel picture fuzzy clustering algorithm, the so-called FC-PFS. A numerical example on the IRIS dataset is conducted to illustrate the activities of the proposed algorithm. The experimental results on various benchmark datasets of UCI Machine Learning Repository under different scenarios of parameters of the algorithm reveal that FC-PFS has better clustering quality than some relevant clustering algorithms such as FCM, IFCM, KFCM and KIFCM.     

Cognitive robotics: a new approach to artificial intelligence

This paper describes a research program about how to achieve artificial intelligence by building robots. It is part of the behavior-oriented AI approach, but differs in some of its hypotheses and methodological approach. This work was presented, in part, at the Third International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 19–21, 1998     

The realist approach for evaluation of computational intelligence in software engineering

Innovations in Systems and Software Engineering - Secured software development must employ a security mindset across software engineering practices. Software security must be considered during the...     

Exploring spatial data through computational intelligence: a joint perspective

The dramatic increase in geospatial data occasioned by developments in digital mapping, remote sensing, IT, and widespread generalization of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), emphasises the importance of exploring new approaches to spatial analysis and modelling. This favours the creation of new knowledge and eventually helps the process of scientific discovery. In this context the special nature of spatial data is particularly relevant and should be taken into account (e.g. observations are not independent and data uncertainty and errors are often spatially structured). The tolerance of imprecision and uncertainty makes soft computing a potentially very useful tool in the GIS environment. Computational Intelligence (or Soft computing) fits particularly well with GIS applications in those cases where computationally hard problems cannot be solved by classical algorithmic approaches.     

Erratum to: Robust and accurate feature selection for humanoid push recovery and classification: deep learning approach

Neural Computing and Applications -     

Geiringer theorems: from population genetics to computational intelligence, memory evolutive systems and Hebbian learning

The classical Geiringer theorem addresses the limiting frequency of occurrence of various alleles after repeated application of crossover. It has been adopted to the setting of evolutionary algorithms and, a lot more recently, reinforcement learning and Monte-Carlo tree search methodology to cope with a rather challenging question of action evaluation at the chance nodes. The theorem motivates novel dynamic parallel algorithms that are explicitly described in the current paper for the first time. The algorithms involve independent agents traversing a dynamically constructed directed graph that possibly has loops and multiple edges. A rather elegant and profound category-theoretic model of cognition in biological neural networks developed by a well-known French mathematician, professor Andree Ehresmann jointly with a neurosurgeon, Jan Paul Vanbremeersch over the last thirty years provides a hint at the connection between such algorithms and Hebbian learning.