超级节点网络的构建与搜索机制研究

超级节点网络是提高P2P网络搜索效率的有效方式之一.提出基于在线聚类的超级节点网络构建和路由方法.采用在线聚类算法,将新加入的节点按照语义相关性,动态加入或创建相应的超级节点,构建超级节点网络.算法在保证每个超级节点所连接的普通节点之间具有很强的语义相关性的基础上,当超级节点出现负载过重时,采用动态调整超级节点选择策略.该策略解决了随着网络规模的扩大,超级节点因负载过重而出现网络瓶颈的问题.在此基础上,提出一种优化搜索机制,提高了搜索效率和检索结果.     

一种新的P2P节点路由优化算法RGAAC

大部分P2P覆盖网络系统中采用随机选择邻居节点的方法路由,这种方法路由跳数高,效率较低.提出一种基于平均连通聚类的P2P节点路由算法RGAAC.算法根据节点通信历史信息作为节点之间距离的量度,将原始节点的拓扑结构重新划分为k个逻辑域,每个域中产生一个中心节点用来保存该域内的路由信息,使得网络节点在决定下一步跳转时,优先选择距离较近的节点.实验表明RGAAC可以减少节点路由跳数,提高路由效率.     

基于结构化P2P网络的动态负载均衡算法研究

针对结构化P2P网络中可能出现的查找"热点"问题,结合基于DHT的P2P系统路由机制提出了ADLB(adaptive dy namic load balancing)算法,该算法充分利用原有Chord[4]协议的路由机制和P2P网络中各节点的异质性,通过动态控制节点加入来减轻重载节点的负载.此外还提出了一套动态监测控制节点负载的方法,最后通过性能仿真验证了算法的有效性.     

基于KAD网络的P2P流媒体点播系统节点路由算法的研究和改进

P2P流媒体的点播研究目前是个热点.在P2P Kademlia网架构分析的基础上,设计开发了一套基于KAD网络的P2P流媒体点播系统.首先描述了P2P Kademlia网络本身的路由与查找机制,之后提出了基于KAD网的P2P流媒体点播系统架构.然后重点描述了基于Kademlia网络的P2P流媒体的节点路由和查找改进算法,主要包括网络中P2P节点的加入机制、媒体资源发布机制、媒体资源的搜索和节点的离开机制等.通过对比实验,证明了本算法和方案支持P2P网络中的节点高效率的路由查找和维护,同时增强了P2P流媒体点播网络的健壮性和扩展性.最后展望了该领域的主要研究方向.     

一种解决P2P网络路由热点问题的策略

提出了一种新的解决P2P网络路由热点问题的方法,它包括复制点选取策略和副本使用策略。复制点选取策略以节点的邻居节点为复制点选取对象,按照迭代算法,选取邻居节点中在线时间长、带宽大、网络延迟小的点作为放置副本复制点;副本使用策略提出一种重定向算法对热点进行流控,使得节点不会过载,副本被高效使用。实验采用Java语言模拟整个策略,实验结果表明该方法具有高效性,可靠性,值得在目前的P2P网络中加以推广。     

基于移动—能量代价函数的无线自组织网络路由策略研究

能量均衡技术一直是无线自组织网络的热点研究领域.在深入研究网络信息传输特性的基础上,提出了一种基于移动-能量代价函数的无线自组织网络路由策略,并用于网络信息传输.首先,本文考虑节点连通性、能量均衡性,提出了一种节点移动策略;然后,以传输路径节点集合中的瓶颈节点剩余能量、传输链路数量作为准则,建立以网络节点为对象的能量代价函数.基于移动-能量代价函数的路由策略从链路层的决策转移到节点层的决策.最后,采用MATLAB数值仿真该路由策略的性能,结果显示:本文提出的移动-能量代价函数的路由策略既保持了原有路由优化的精度,延迟网络瓶颈节点能量下降速度,提高网络生存时间.     

一种P2P网络分级路由策略

在P2P网络中,如何定位节点对非常重要,不同拓扑的P2P网络采用不同的路由策略.介绍了一种基于P2P网络的分级路由策略.该策略结合了非结构化Flooding路由策略和结构化的Pastry路由策略,将整个网络分为两级,并引入了虚节点的概念,使整个网络趋于一个稳定的结构.实验证明该路由策略融合了两者的优点,不失为一种有效的路由策略.     

数据驱动的信息中心网络认知路由协议

随着网络技术的迅速发展和新型应用的不断涌现,网络中的数据急剧增长给基于TCP/IP的Internet带来严峻挑战.为了支持用户对海量数据的访问,信息中心网络(information-centric networking, ICN)成为未来互联网的研究热点之一.提出一种数据驱动的ICN认知路由协议.每个路由节点都被赋予感知、询问、学习、推理和反馈等认知行为;通过感知行为,节点获取本地拓扑、路由请求处理信息和流行内容等;通过询问行为,节点构建邻居缓存表等;通过学习行为,节点得到经验路径信息等;通过推理行为,分析节点间关系,构建朋友缓存表等;通过反馈行为,基于指引信息,作出路由决策等.仿真结果表明,提出的协议是可行和有效的,具有较好的性能.     

无线传感器网络单跳扩展增强树型路由协议研究

增强树型路由协议是最近提出的无线传感器网络路由协议,除了使用父子链路,当前路由决策节点通过和其一跳邻居节点之间建立增强链路形成比树型路由更短的路由捷径。为了尽可能多地发掘出潜在的路由捷径,提出了单跳扩展增强树型路由协议,该协议在增强树型路由协议的基础上把当前路由决策节点的单跳父亲节点和儿子节点及它们的邻居节点也考虑进路由决策过程中,可选路由捷径范围不再局限于当前路由决策节点及其一跳邻居之间的增强链路,而是向上扩展到其父亲节点及其一跳部居以及向下扩展到其儿子节点及其一跳邻居之间所形成的增强链路。该协议选择最短的路由捷径发送数据包。给出了单跳扩展增强树型路由协议的判定过程,并将该协议应用到ZigBee网络中。仿真结果显示,该协议在路由跳数和能量消耗这两项网络性能上比树型路由和增强树型路由均有提高。     

基于分类节点的P2P语义路由模型

对于P2P语义覆盖网络,语义信息的维护和智能路径的选择是实现的难点。根据小世界原理,提出了一种新的基于节点分类划分的P2P语义路由模型。通过建立节点本体来描述节点的网络结构和节点下的内容项,在此基础上创建了路由消息格式和节点分类划分的方法,然后创建了支持内容语义查询的节点内相关性内容查询算法和节点间消息路由算法。通过实验对比,该语义路由模型能够提高P2P系统下的内容查找速度并且能够显著降低占用的网络带宽。     

Reinforcement learning for resource allocation in LEO satellite networks.

In this paper, we develop and assess online decision-making algorithms for call admission and routing for low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks. It has been shown in a recent paper that, in a LEO satellite system, a semi-Markov decision process formulation of the call admission and routing problem can achieve better performance in terms of an average revenue function than existing routing methods. However, the conventional dynamic programming (DP) numerical solution becomes prohibited as the problem size increases. In this paper, two solution methods based on reinforcement learning (RL) are proposed in order to circumvent the computational burden of DP. The first method is based on an actor-critic method with temporal-difference (TD) learning. The second method is based on a critic-only method, called optimistic TD learning. The algorithms enhance performance in terms of requirements in storage, computational complexity and computational time, and in terms of an overall long-term average revenue function that penalizes blocked calls. Numerical studies are carried out, and the results obtained show that the RL framework can achieve up to 56% higher average revenue over existing routing methods used in LEO satellite networks with reasonable storage and computational requirements.     

基于信誉系统对GRID网格Leader选择协议的安全性研究

针对GRID路由协议中的网格Leader选择协议,首先运用基于有限状态机的形式化分析方法对它的安全性进行了分析,之后基于现有信誉系统,提出一种基于信誉度的信誉模型。模型包括信誉度计算、信誉管理和信誉决策,依据节点信誉度的变化以及设置的信誉度阈值识别并处理内部恶意节点,保证网络通信的安全可靠。仿真实验表明,该模型能够有效识别出恶意节点,显著提高网络分组投递率,但节点间传输平均时延有所延长,需进一步优化。     

Improvement of battery lifetime in software-defined network using particle swarm optimization based cluster-head gateway switch routing protocol with fuzzy rules

The software-defined network (SDN) is one of the network architectures, in which the data plane and control plane is divided from each other, and the network can be handled using a sensibly centralized controller and this method is adopted to reconfigure the wireless sensor network automatically. In this article, to implement the SDN in MANET, in which control nodes can be chosen in SDN dynamically for the activation of MANET function to allocate the works to other mobile nodes to the base station. However, in the field of mobile ad hoc networks, the network lifetime, and battery lifetime is one of the major problems and the energy consumption can play a significant rule for the transmission of data in the SDN. Therefore, in this article, particle swarm optimization (PSO) based CGSR (cluster-head gateway switch routing protocol) algorithm with fuzzy rules is proposed to increase the network lifetime of battery powered mobile nodes by reducing the energy consumptions of each node in software-defined MANET. In this proposed method, a routing method that can permit various mobile nodes with low battery power to transmits the data from source node to base station. We design a PSO based CGSR routing protocol by selecting the routing mobile nodes using fuzzy rules for packet transmission. In CGSR process, the formation of cluster and selection of cluster head is executed depending on the particle swarm optimization method. This proposed routing protocol can be used to enhance the battery lifetime by extension of the network lifetime with numerical analysis for efficient route node selection.     

基于Max-Min模型的无线体域网路由协议

针对无线体域网(WBAN)节点能量的有限性,基于多径路由机制和Max-Min模型提出了一种能效路由协议。该路由协议在路由过程中使剩余能量最小的节点的剩余能量尽可能大,从而均衡了网络中节点的能耗,延长了网络生存时间。通过MATLAB对该路由协议进行仿真,并与基于Min模型的路由协议进行对比,结果表明,基于Max-Min模型的路由协议相对于基于Min模型的路由协议能够更好地均衡节点的能耗,并延长网络生存时间。     

基于组群的P2P系统中的信誉机制

随着P2P网络的迅速发展,基于P2P的协作得到了大量的应用,对于P2P的安全性也越来越受到重视.文中主要为开发P2P协作应用提供一个安全信任基础.该应用以信誉机制为基础,通过计算一个双层信誉,促进最后决定的形成,从而提高应用的质量和安全性.     

RBC-OLSR: Reputation-based clustering OLSR protocol for wireless ad hoc networks

We consider the problem of assuring the trustworthiness (i.e. reliability and robustness) and prolonging the lifetime of wireless ad hoc networks, using the OLSR routing protocol, in the presence of selfish nodes. Assuring the trustworthiness of these networks can be achieved by selecting the most trusted paths, while prolonging the lifetime can be achieved by (1) reducing the number of relay nodes (MPR) propagating the topology control (TC) messages and (2) considering the residual energy levels of these relay nodes in the selection process. In this paper, we propose a novel clustering algorithm and a relay node selection algorithm based on the residual energy level and connectivity index of the nodes. This hybrid model is referred to as H-OLSR. The OLSR messages are adapted to handle the cluster heads election and the MPR nodes selection algorithms. These algorithms are designed to cope with selfish nodes that are getting benefits from others without cooperating with them. Hence, we propose an incentive compatible mechanism that motivates nodes to behave truthfully during the selection and election processes. Incentive retributions increase the reputation of the nodes. Since network services are granted according to nodes’ accumulated reputation, the nodes should cooperate. Finally, based on nodes’ reputation, the most trusted forwarding paths are determined. This reputation-based hybrid model is referred to as RH-OLSR. Simulation results show that the novel H-OLSR model based on energy and connectivity can efficiently prolong the network lifetime, while the RH-OLSR model improves the trustworthiness of the network through the selection of the most trusted paths based on nodes’ reputations. These are the two different processes used to define the reputation-based clustering OLSR (RBC-OLSR) routing protocol.     

MWNs中基于跨层动态信誉机制的安全路由协议

无线多跳网络(multi-hop wireless networks, MWNs)面临着各种攻击的威胁,尤其是针对路由安全的内部多层攻击和诽谤攻击.信誉机制作为评估节点间信任关系和抵御内部攻击的有效方法,已经被引入MWNs用于保护路由安全.然而,现有成果主要采用分层设计,只考虑单一层次上的攻击,忽略了多层攻击;同时,现有成果还忽略了诽谤攻击和推荐节点的可信性,降低了信誉度评估结果的可靠性.针对上述问题,首先提出基于可靠推荐的跨层动态信誉机制(cross-layer dynamic reputation mechanism, CRM).然后,基于CRM提出了基于推荐保护和跨层信誉机制的安全路由协议(recommendation protection and cross-layer reputation mechanism based secure routing protocol, RPCSR).仿真结果和性能分析表明,RPCSR能够有效抵御内部多层攻击及诽谤攻击,保障路由安全.     

MANET中基于健壮声誉机制的组播路由算法

提出了一种基于阶跃度的健壮声誉机制。该机制成功消除了由于节点勾结引起的声誉值误判,提高了声誉机制的健壮性。且在进行声誉值计算时,综合了历史因素。并将该机制应用于组播路由中,提出了一种基于声誉机制的概率组播路由算法RBPMRP。实验证明,在网络自私节点增多的情况下,该算法能显著提高包的平均传输率。     

An Eigentrust dynamic evolutionary model in P2P file-sharing systems

Many reputation systems have been proposed to distinguish malicious peers and to ensure the quality of the service in P2P file sharing systems. Most of those reputation systems implicitly assumed that normal peers are always altruistic and provide their resources unconditionally when requested. However, as independent decision makers in real networks, peers can be completely altruistic (always cooperative, ALLC), purely selfish (always defective, ALLD), or reciprocal (R). In addition, those systems do not provide an effective method to reduce free-riders in P2P networks. To address these two problems, in this paper, we propose an EigenTrust evolutionary game model based on the renowned EigenTrust reputation model. In our model, we use evolutionary game theory to model strategic peers and their transaction behaviors, which is close to the realistic scenario. Many experiments have been designed and performed to study the evolution of strategies and the emergence of cooperation under our proposed EigenTrust evolutionary model. The simulation results showed that rational users are inclined to cooperate (enthusiastically provide resources to other peers) even under some conditions in which malicious peers try to destroy the system.     

基于萤火虫群优化的Ad Hoc网络路由协议

针对Ad Hoc网络拓扑结构多变、网络生存时间受限及数据包分组传输效率低下等问题,本文借鉴萤火虫群优化算法的思想,提出了一种基于萤火虫群优化的Ad Hoc网络路由协议。路由协议用萤火虫优化算法的荧光素强度的更新规则与无线自组网络中的节点移动速度、拥塞程度、节点剩余能量及节点间的距离等因素相互映射,改进萤火虫群优化算法中的搜索萤火虫、驻留萤火虫及回溯萤火虫用于完成Ad Hoc网络中路由协议的路由发现、路由选择及路由维护等过程,整个协议无须传送大量的控制分组,即可实现Ad Hoc网络的稳定。仿真实验结果表明,与AODV及基于蚁群优化的路由算法AntRouting协议相比,本文所提出的路由协议在端到端延时、分组数据传输率及网络生存时间上均有良好的性能。