MANET中一种新QoS路由技术的研究

移动AdHoc网络（MANET）支持QoS保证的能力,受限于无线介质的带宽和节点的移动特性。由于节点的移动,网络拓朴频繁发生变化,一旦节点移动,当前的路由就很容易失效,从而造成通讯中断,这种情况就是链路失效。QoS路由是MANET获得端到端QoS保证的第1步。然而,拓朴变化造成的链路失效状况的存在,使得路由的可靠性对于QoS路由而言非常重要。为使链路失效造成的影响最小,找到生存时间长并且可靠性高的路由就显得尤为重要。提出了一种在MANET中支持Oos路由,并能较好解决链路失效状况的方案。该方案定义了一种新机制,在执行时类似表驱路由协议,通过利用主路径上被共享的邻居节点信息,为主路径上各个独立的子路径预备了可替换的路径。     

MANET中一种基于单向链路的QoS路由协议

MANET是由一系列动态节点主机临时组成的多跳性无线网络。由于其拓扑的动态性,传统路由协议不再适应本网络。为降低控制开销,满足QoS需求,并考虑到隐藏终端等问题,论文提出了一种基于单向链路的QoS路由协议QRUL。该协议采用按需方式查找路由,并通过选取满足QoS条件(链路带宽和传输延时)的最短传输路径来实现。仿真结果表明该协议具有良好的网络性能,能有效支持多媒体信息传输。     

MANET中一种基于移动预测的单向QoS路由

针对MANET中QoS需求与隐藏终端等问题，提出了一种基于移动预测的单向QoS路由协议，该协议充分利用网络中存在的单向链路，采用移动预测机制，通过选取满足QoS条件的最稳路径的方式为数据流选择最佳路由，分析和实验结果表明，这种协议具有数据包传送成功概率高和控制开销低等优点，能有效支持单向MANET中具有QoS需求的多媒体信息传输。     

MANET中基于遗传算法的QoS多播路由协议

随着多媒体业务的普及,如何为MANET多播路由提供QoS保障成为研究热点。提出了一种带宽和时延受限的QoS多播路由协议,它利用遗传算法搜索满足QoS要求的最优多播树。仿真结果表明该协议收敛速度快,寻径成功率高,它为移动网络中具有QoS保障的多播通信提供了一种有效途径。     

MANET中基于动态资源管理的QoS路由模型研究

由于时变链路和节点移动的无规则性导致了常规路由协议在MANET环境下无法正常工作,在MANET中确立QoS路由和保障QoS路由传输是促使该网络走向实用的关键。针对这一情况,在通用QoS框架和INSIGNIA结构基础上,提出了一种基于动态资源管理的QoS路由模型,该模型通过QoS路由建立模块和动态资源调整机制来实现MANET中路由的QoS保障。模拟结果显示该模型可以有效地支持MANET中满足QoS需求的多媒体信息传输。     

基于OLSR的QoS路由新方案

基于OLSR协议及扩展的最短路径算法,提出了综合折中跳数与带宽的一种路由计算新量度。组合MPR选择算法及路由计算新量度,设计了三种新的QoS路由方案。基于在NS-2环境中对新路由方案及OLSR原始协议进行的仿真,着重分析比较了它们的时延及分组递交率性能,探讨了带宽量度用于路由计算时对这两项性能产生的影响及主要原因,结果表明新量度能有效实现跳数少与带宽大之间的折中。     

一种具有QoS约束的多播路由协议

针对多播廊用中路由协议的Qos保障问题,基于多播路由协议ODMRP(On-Demand Multicast Routing Protocol)提出了一种新的具有QoS约束的路出协议ODMRP-QoS.首党定义了一个依赖于带宽、时延、节点能量三个QoS性能指标的路山函数,作为最佳路由选择的依据,函数数值的最大值路径为最佳路由,以此保证所选路径满足用户的Qos需求,同时说明了函数参数的计算方法及约束条件;然后给出了ODMRP-QoS路由建立、维护和更新的技术实现方案.网络仿真结果表明:ODMRP-QoS协议性能明显优于原ODMRP协议,达到了保证多播应用QoS的效果.     

基于节点稳定性与跨层优化的MANET路由设计

针对移动自组织网络(MANET)中优化链路状态路由(OLSR)协议路由稳定性差和端到端延时高的问题,提出一种改进的OLSR路由协议。考虑MANET拓扑的移动性,通过优先选择平均相遇率较小、稳定性较高的中继节点构建移动拓扑,避免路由震荡。基于跨层技术,利用链路层共享的链路速率优化路由权值,从而提高路由性能。实验结果表明,与OLSR协议相比,改进协议在MANET网络中具有更好的网络稳定性及更低的端到端延时。     

基于MPLS网络的选播QoS路由算法

提出一种基于MPLS网络且保证QoS的选播路由算法。使用链路状态路由协议,找到一条从发出请求的客户到服务器方向上最小跳数的最优路径,该路径能满足选播服务带宽要求。使用度量为路径逆向(服务器到客户)上的链路带宽值,通过约束路由的标记分发协议,建立一条从服务器到客户方向的标记交换路径,并预留资源。仿真结果表明,在传输服务数据流时,该算法的时延及丢包率性能良好,能在一定程度上平衡服务器的负载。     

Ad Hoc网络中分散链路状态多路QoS路由选择

为解决移动Ad Hoc网络中QoS路径公共链路造成的带宽预留冲突,提出了一种分散链路状态多路QoS路由选择,它动态地收集源地址到目的地的分散链路状态信息,找出节点不相交的路径,根据LBHBF策略选择合适路径使延迟和总带宽满足QoS要求,并预留相应路径带宽。模拟结果显示,该方法提高了调用成功率,减少了网络费用。     

A reliable QoS aware routing protocol with slot assignment for mobile ad hoc networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of mobile hosts that form a temporary network on the fly without using any fixed infrastructure. Recently, the explosive growth in the use of real-time applications on mobile devices has resulted in new challenges to the design of protocols for MANETs. Chief among these challenges to enable real-time applications for MANETs is incorporating support for quality of service (QoS), such as bandwidth constraints. However, MANETs having a high ratio of topology change make routing especially unstable; making stability is an important challenge, especially for routing having a quality of service provision. In this paper, we propose a reliable multi-path QoS routing (RMQR) protocol with a slot assignment scheme. In this scheme, we examine the QoS routing problem associated with searching for a reliable multi-path (or uni-path) QoS route from a source node to a destination node in a MANET. This route must also satisfy certain bandwidth requirements. We determine the route expiration time between two connected mobile nodes using global positioning system (GPS). Then, two parameters, the route expiration time and the number of hops, are used to select a routing path with low latency and high stability. Simulation results show that the proposed RMQR protocol have some outstanding properties when compared with Lin's [Lin C-R. On-demand QoS routing in multihop mobile networks. In: Proceedings of the twentieth annual joint conference of the IEEE computer and communications societies (INFOCOM), vol. 3(22–26), 2001, p. 1735–44], Liao's [Liao W-H, Tseng Y-C, Wang S-L, Sheu J-P. A multi-path QoS routing protocol in a wireless mobile Ad Hoc network. Telecommunication Systems 2002;19(3–4):329–47], and Chen's [Chen Y-S, Tseng Y-C, Sheu J-P, Kuo P-H. An on-demand, link-state, multi-path QoS routing in a wireless mobile Ad-Hoc network. Computer Communications 204;27(1):27–40] protocols.     

一种用于移动自组控制网络的QoS路由

为更好地将移动自组网络用于网络控制系统（NCS）,结合NCS的网络特性,提出了一种基于链路信号质量的QoS路由算法。主要QoS机制包括根据接收信号强度选择较稳定的路由;用Hello报文广播节点的预留带宽;中间节点为所有受影响的数据流修复路由、目的节点向源节点广播路由修复报文进行路由修复。NS2仿真表明当节点移动性强时,该QoS路由算法可有效减少网络的平均端到端时延和丢包率,提高控制系统稳定性。     

基于蚁群的无线传感器网络能量均衡非均匀分簇路由算法

无线传感器网络(WSN)路由中,节点未充分考虑路径剩余能量及链路状况进行的路由会造成网络中部分节点网络寿命减少,严重影响网络的生存时间。为此,将蚁群优化算法与非均匀分簇路由算法相结合,提出一种基于蚁群优化算法的无线传感器非均匀分簇路由算法。该算法首先利用考虑节点能量的优化非均匀分簇方法对节点进行分簇,然后以需要传输数据的节点为源节点,汇聚节点为目标节点,利用蚁群优化算法进行多路径搜索,搜索过程充分考虑了路径传输能耗、路径最小剩余能量、传输距离和跳数、所选链路的时延和带宽等因素,最后选出满足条件的多条最优路径,完成源目的节点间的信息传输。实验表明,该算法充分考虑路径传输能耗和路径最小剩余能量、传输跳数及传输距离,能有效延长无线传感器网络的生存期。     

基于服务质量的多媒体组通信目的节点加入与退出算法的研究

路由选择机制是分布多式媒体系统中的重要研究方向。其中,基于服务质量的多媒体通信目的节点加入与退出算法是关键组成部分。该文在基于服务质量的多媒体通信初始路由建立算法的基础上,基于资源共享原则,提出支持成员动态加入与退出多媒体组通信的目的节点加入与退出算法,以增加使用费用最小为目标在满足服务质量约束的条件下完成目的节点加入,在不影响多媒体组通信服务质量的前提下,在完成目的节点退出的同时最大限度地释放已占用资源。文中还探讨了这些算法的有效性。它们和基于服务质量的多媒体通信初始路由建立算法相结合,可以提供对分布式多毁体组应用服务质量保证的支持。     

Quality-of-Service routing with path information aggregation

Most of the research proposals on Quality-of-Service (QoS) mechanisms have focused on providing guarantees in a single domain. Supporting QoS guarantees in the interdomain setting has been receiving more research attention recently. Most of the proposals for interdomain QoS routing has focused on a link-state protocol and/or a single QoS metric. Our proposal differs from the existing work in the literature in three major ways: (1) our approach is based on a distance-vector protocol, similar to BGP; the de facto interdomain routing protocol in the Internet, (2) we consider both bandwidth and delay simultaneously unlike the other studies which either considered one metric or made the decision on only one of metrics even when they disseminated more than one metric, and (3) we use a line segment to represent the domain level QoS information. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first proposal in the literature that models the domains by a line segment for inter-domain QoS routing purposes under a distance-vector routing protocol to find a path that satisfy both bandwidth and delay requirements.     

MBQR:Ad Hoc网络中基于多点中继的QoS路由

基于泛洪方式的QoS路由存在浪费网络资源和不能有效地指导路由搜索两个主要问题,文章基于多点中继(MPR)的思想,提出了一种改进的路由协议-MBQR协议.MBQR节点提前收集局部拓扑信息,并通过某种策略选择节点的多点中继节点集.当应用有数据要发送时,利用这些中继节点引导路由搜索,从而快速地找到符合需求的较优路径,并且降低网络开销.仿真结果表明MBQR协议在网络规模较大、网络动态性适中的环境中,减少了路由建立时延和泛洪消息数目并且提高了路由协议的适应性.     

基于服务质量的多媒体通信初始路由建立算法的研究

基于服务质量的路由选择机制是从根本上提供分布式多媒体应用所需的服务质量保证的重要手段之一。该文提出了两种基于服务质量的多媒体通信初始路由建立算法。一种算法支持在两个通信方之间建立基于服务质量的初始路由,既可以作为点对点多媒体通信的基于服务质量的路由选择／初始路由建立算法,也可以作为初始成员为两个的多媒体动态组通信的基于服务质量的初始路由建立算法,另一种算法支持在多个通信方之间建立基于服务质量的初始路由,既可以作为多媒体静态组通信的基于服务质量的路由选择／初始路由建立算法,也可以作为初始成员为多个的多媒体动态组通信的基于服务质量的初始路由建立算法,文中还探讨了这两种算法的正确性。     

Algorithm for efficient generation of link-state updates in ATM networks

In the routing framework defined by the ATM Forum Private Network Node Interface (P-NNI) working group, each node broadcasts link-state update (LSU) messages (which include information such as available bandwidth, maximum delay, etc.) about the outgoing links attached to it to other nodes in the network. For each connection request, the source node selects an end-to-end route that meets the quality of service (QoS) requirements of the connection based on the most recent information that it has about network links. Up-to-date information about network links is, therefore, key to making “good” routing decisions. The triggering of LSU broadcasts after adding or removing a single connection on any link would certainly enable optimal paths to be calculated but at a potentially significant cost in processing and bandwidth. A periodic update scheme, on the other hand, might be more preferable since it can be used to bound the frequency of updates at the expense of delaying important updates (such as those reporting large changes in link load). The goal of an efficient LSU generating algorithm is, therefore, to provide “accurate” information on link loads while keeping the number of LSUs under control. In this paper, we investigate the issue of when to broadcast LSUs and its effects to the network performance. A simulation model is built to model the basic routing framework developed at the ATM Forum P-NNI working group. Based on the intuition gained by running the simulation model with different schemes and parameters, a hybrid LSU generating algorithm, combining event-driven and periodic update strategies, is proposed to substantially reduce the number of LSUs generated in the network without a significant negative impact on the network performance. The proposed algorithm is not limited to the P-NNI framework and it can be used in networking technologies that are based on the link-state principles.