压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的承载能力研究

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板的承载能力受楼板叠合面的纵向抗剪能力控制。本文通过3组组合楼板的荷载试验,研究了单跨简支组合楼板和两跨连续组合楼板的极限抗剪和抗弯性能。试验结果表明:组合楼板的极限承载能力受叠合面的纵向抗剪能力控制;与简支组合楼板相比,连续组合楼板承载能力有明显提高,跨中挠度显著减小,端部支座剪力出现滑移时与简支板端部剪力值相近,显示了连续组合板的端部滑移与剪力的关系与简支板的情况相似。但与简支组合板不同的是,连续组合板端部出现滑移后,其极限承载能力明显高于相同跨度简支板极限承载力。根据试验结果,得到了组合楼板叠合面纵向抗剪能力的计算公式。在组合楼板的承载力设计中,应对支座端部的竖向剪力进行叠合面的纵向抗剪能力验算,文中提出了连续组合楼板的承载力计算方法。     

薄壁钢梁-陶粒混凝土装配式组合楼板受火后受力性能研究

由冷弯薄壁钢梁和陶粒混凝土预制板组成的装配式组合楼板具有轻质、高强和施工方便等优点。为研究该类组合楼板的抗火性能及高温后的受力性能,对6块遭受温度为700℃、持续90min烃类火灾升温作用的简支组合楼板试件进行受火后受力性能试验研究。结果表明：当施加的等效均布荷载达到2kN/m²时,受火作用后的组合楼板试件最大挠度小于跨度的1/400,且在加载过程中薄壁钢梁虽已明显扭曲、混凝土板多处开裂,但组合楼板试件未出现整体坍落现象;以普通栓钉为抗剪键的受火后组合楼板试件,其极限荷载比薄壁钢抗剪键组合楼板试件的提高14.2%;当用钢量相同时,主梁数量较多的组合楼板试件采用U形钢筋作为拉结件,其火灾后极限荷载比采用钢条拉结件的组合楼板试件的增加33%,且整体刚度也有所提高;该类组合楼板在受火后仍具有较高承载能力和整体刚度,且抗剪键类型、预制板之间设置的拉结件以及拉结件与抗剪键的连接方式均对其受火后的受力性能有较大的影响。引入组合效应系数可以较好地反映受火后组合楼板试件的组合效应及内部损伤程度。     

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板设计中的若干问题

针对钢 混凝土组合楼板叠合面的抗剪强度、连续组合板设计的纵向抗剪强度和剪跨以及端部锚固对板承载力的影响等问题进行了讨论和分析。在组合楼板的承载力设计中 ,应对支座端部的竖向剪力进行叠合面的纵向抗剪强度验算。对于连续组合楼板 ,可采用连续跨中正弯矩区的长度与简支楼板跨度等效的原则进行剪跨计算。端部锚固栓钉对组合楼板纵向抗剪强度的贡献可采用量化的公式进行计算     

开孔薄壁钢梁-轻骨料混凝土装配式组合楼板受火试验研究

为研究由冷弯卷边H形开孔薄壁钢梁和预制轻骨料混凝土板形成的装配式组合楼板的受火性能,对6个两端简支组合楼板试件开展了高温下试验研究,得到了试件的温度及位移响应。研究结果表明：在等效均布荷载2.0 kN/m²及最高炉温为600℃的烃类火灾作用下,以轻骨料混凝土及腹板开孔薄壁钢梁形成装配式组合楼板具有良好的抗火性能,组合楼板的跨中挠度最大为L/44（L为组合楼板跨度）时,试件仍保持良好的整体性;主钢梁腹板开孔直径与分布形式对组合楼板的整体抗火性能均有显著影响,为减小组合楼板高温下的位移响应,对主钢梁腹板的开孔宜优选孔径大、数量少的分布形式;抗剪键数量对组合楼板抗火性能的响应影响远大于对预制板类型的影响。     

闭口型压型钢板-再生混凝土组合楼板抗火性能研究

闭口型再生混凝土组合楼板兼具组合结构的优点与固废利用的特点，但高温下再生混凝土热工和力学性能与普通混凝土有明显差别，进一步造成了相应结构构件火灾下抗火性能的差异。为此，对闭口型再生混凝土组合楼板基于承载能力的耐火极限进行了试验与有限元研究，主要参数为再生粗骨料取代率、板型与荷载水平，分析挠度与不同位置处的温度发展，并建立了适用于该类楼板耐火极限简化计算方法。结果表明：受火90 min后，压型钢板与混凝土未发生分离，组合楼板保持了较好整体性；压型钢板闭口位置温度明显低于受火面底钢板，相同位置处再生混凝土组合板温度低于普通混凝土板；耐火极限受取代率的影响较小，再生混凝土组合板相对普通混凝土板耐火极限提高幅度在1.2%～9.2%,且远超过一级耐火极限90 min的要求；考虑钢板闭口部分受弯承载力贡献提出了耐火极限简化计算式，其可较好地预测组合板耐火极限。     

压型钢板-混凝土组合楼板火灾行为试验分析

对3块简支组合楼板与4块连续组合楼板进行了恒载升温条件下的火灾试验研究,并对板的变形、破坏机构、内力重分布进行了研究分析。试验结果表明:简支板的耐火性能很差,而连续板由于负弯矩钢筋的显著作用,其耐火性能较好;升、降温阶段连续板均会出现剧烈的内力重分布,不同受火工况对连续板内力重分布的影响非常大;塑性铰的出现时间、位置与次序对连续板的火灾反应有很大影响。最后提出了升温阶段连续板支座反力变化的简化分析方法,其计算结果与试验结果相符合。     

正交胶合木-混凝土组合楼板凹槽连接节点抗火性能研究

为研究火灾下正交胶合木-混凝土组合楼板凹槽连接节点单剪受力性能,设计并制作了9组共27个胶合木-混凝土组合楼板凹槽连接节点试件,分别进行常温下和火灾下加载试验和数值模拟分析。试验结果表明,常温下螺钉的钻入角度对试件典型破坏模式具有重要影响。受火90min及以内各试件组的破坏模式均为凹槽附近混凝土截面的脆性剪切破坏;受火接近120min的试件破坏模式为凹槽附近木材损伤十分严重(炭化和脱落)和凹槽下方木材的顺纹受压屈服,同时自攻螺钉附近部分混凝土被压碎。随着受火时间的逐渐增加,多数试件组的抗剪承载力逐渐降低,最大降低幅度为28.1%。荷载比对试件耐火极限具有重要影响：随着荷载比的不断增加,试件耐火极限最大降幅为50.7%。除试件组SFL3和SFL4外,有限元模型的计算结果与试验结果较为接近,预测误差在15%以内,满足工程精度要求。     

压型钢板-组合楼板耐火试验和破坏模式的探讨

在标准升温条件下,对闭口式压型钢板组合楼板进行了耐火试验,并测试了不同部位的升温情况。试验表明,被混凝土包裹的部分升温要比直接受火面慢,但由于热传导,升温122MIN时被混凝土包裹的部分最低温度也超过了600℃;无论是火灾前期还是后期,板的混凝土厚度都是影响组合楼板耐火性能的重要参数。在此基础上,分析了高温状态下组合楼板的试验现象,定性地分析了各影响参数,并探讨了组合楼板在耐火极限状态下的破坏模式。由于影响组合楼板耐火性能的参数多而复杂,因此,建议防火设计时必须保证一定的混凝土厚度,确保火灾下组合楼板的安全。     

高层建筑楼板混凝土构件的防火耐热性能研究

高层建筑发生火灾时救援过程困难,火灾持续时间较长,如果楼板混凝土构件耐火耐热性较差,容易出现坍塌事件,对高层建筑楼板混凝土构件的耐火性能进行研究。利用非稳态导热、常物性以及无内热源构建网格模型,在计算规定边界上热流密度、规定边界温度值、规定边界物体和周围流体的表面传热系数以及周围流体温度,得出物体导热的边界条件,然后通过测试对比预应力钢筋与非预应力钢筋、是否有板底粉刷层以及连续试件与简支试件的耐火极限可以发现,连续或简支对耐火极限的影响最大,板底是否有粉刷层以及钢筋类别的影响较小。     

闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合夹芯保温楼板弯曲刚度试验研究

对6块简支闭口型压型钢板-混凝土组合夹芯保温楼板进行抗弯性能试验研究,分析了组合夹芯楼板的弯曲刚度.研究了混凝土面层厚度、剪跨区长度及自攻螺钉抗剪件的设置对组合夹芯楼板弯曲刚度的影响.分别采用美国规范ANSI/ASCE 3-91建议的换算惯性矩法和修正后的我国《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB 50010-2010)刚度解析...     

Advanced Modeling of Composite Slabs with Thin-Walled Steel Sheeting Submitted to Fire

The paper studies the behavior of composite slabs with corrugated steel sheeting at elevated temperatures. Two structural systems are considered: a simply supported composite slab and a continuous composite slab that consists of two equal spans. Both of them are designed according to the respective Eurocodes to have similar strengths at room temperature. In the sequel, sophisticated three-dimensional models of the slabs are developed. Coupled thermo-mechanical analysis is used, which takes into account the various nonlinearities that are present in the physical model (dependence of the thermal and mechanical properties of the material on temperature, nonlinear material behavior, cracking etc.). The results of the thermal analysis are compared with the temperature field that is proposed in Eurocode 4. For both the structural systems, the fire resistance, in time domain, that yields from the coupled analysis is compared with the fire resistance that results following the provisions of Eurocode 4. Another objective is to evaluate the effect of static indeterminacy on the fire resistance of composite slabs.     

保护层厚度对高温作用下钢筋混凝土构件极限承载力的影响及分析

在钢筋混凝土构件火灾高温作用下极限承载力计算分析的基础上,着重进行保护层厚度对钢筋混凝土构件(梁)高温作用下承载力的影响及定量分析的讨论,由此得出:由于钢筋混凝土构件高温侧钢筋的保护层能在火灾高温作用下显著延缓钢筋温度的升高,所以适当增加保护层的厚度,可以显著提高钢筋混凝土梁在高温下的极限承载力,可用于指导工程耐火设计。     

不同跨依次受火混凝土连续板试验研究及理论分析

为研究不同跨依次受火工况下混凝土连续板力学行为,对三块混凝土连续板进行火灾试验,分析不同跨受火顺序、受火时间间隔、配筋率和配筋方式等对试验板各跨温度、变形、板角约束力和破坏模式等影响规律;在此基础上,采用6种混凝土板极限承载力理论,对连续板各跨承载力进行计算分析。试验表明,每跨炉温及板截面温度分布主要取决于自身跨受火情况;不同跨受火工况和边界条件对连续板各跨跨中变形趋势、裂缝分布和破坏机理有重要影响,进而两边跨和中跨具有完全相反的跨中变形趋势,且中跨裂缝较多,易出现完整性破坏。此外,理论表明相比边界作用和受拉薄膜影响,不同跨受火工况及其配筋率对连续板各跨极限承载力变化趋势和数值有决定性影响。总之,对于任一火灾蔓延工况,提高配筋率和采用连续配筋方式有助于提高混凝土连续板各跨抗火性能。     

Enhancing the fire resistance of composite floor assemblies through the use of steel fiber reinforced concrete

This paper presents a strategy for achieving the required fire resistance in composite floor systems through the use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC). Both experimental and numerical studies were carried out to evaluate the fire performance of floor systems comprising unprotected steel beams and concrete/SFRC deck slabs. The results from these studies show that SFRC composite deck slabs develop significant tensile forces (through tensile membrane action) that transfer load from fire-weakened steel beams to other cooler parts of the structure. Preliminary results indicate that the combined effect of composite construction, tensile membrane action, and the improved properties of SFRC under realistic fire, loading, and restraint conditions can provide sufficient fire resistance in steel beam-concrete deck slabs without the need for external fire protection on the floor assembly.     

Modelling of unbonded post-tensioned concrete slabs under fire conditions

This paper investigates the structural behaviour of unbonded post-tensioned one-way spanning concrete slabs in fire conditions. The slabs were simply supported and reinforced with 15.7 mm nominal diameter seven-wire mono-strand tendons. A nonlinear finite element model for the analysis of post-tensioned unbonded concrete slabs at elevated temperatures was developed. The mechanical and thermal material nonlinearities of the concrete, prestressing tendon and anchorages have been carefully inserted into the model. The interface between the tendon and surrounding concrete was also modelled, allowing the tendon to retain its profile shape during the deformation of the slab. The temperature distribution throughout the slab, time–deflection behaviour, time–longitudinal expansion, time–stress behaviour in the tendon, and the failure modes were predicted by the model and verified against test data. The study has shown that the coefficients of thermal expansion currently used in the European Code for calcareous and siliceous concrete can lead to inaccurate predictions of the structural behaviour. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the effects on the global structural behaviour due to the change in the aggregate type, load ratio and boundary conditions. It was shown that by varying the boundary conditions the fire resistance was greatly affected. Although changing the aggregate type and load ratio affected the time-displacement response, the fire resistance defined by failure of the slab was not affected due to the splitting mode of failure above the tendon locations not being affected by these parameters. Comparison with the codes shows that the UK code BS8110 is generally unconservative, whereas the Eurocode EN1992-1-2 provides reasonable design rules.     

均匀受火钢筋混凝土框架极限承载力分析

对火灾高温作用下钢筋混凝土梁、柱可能破坏截面的应力、应变及内力进引分析。在此基础上,编制了钢筋混凝土梁、柱在高温作用下截面极限承载力的计算程序。运用该程序对同时受到荷载和均匀受火条件下的简单框架梁、柱可能破坏截面的极限承载力的变化及其相互影响进行计算、分析和讨论,据此提出钢筋混凝土框架在均匀受火时也要像抗震设计一样尽量满足"强柱弱梁"的要求,即"耐火强柱弱梁"的延性设计原则,为火灾抗倒塌设计提供参考。     

Design of semi-continuous composite steel-concrete beams at the fire limit state

A two-dimensional temperature analysis procedure based on the finite element method (FEM) is described and applied to steel-concrete composite beams. A computer program developed for the analysis is detailed. A strategy is also proposed for incorporating the influence of the partial resistance of the composite connections in reducing the sagging moment at central regions of the beam spans when the beam is calculated as semi-continuous. Finally, an example problem is discussed, comparing the design uniformly distributed loads that can be supported by a composite beam calculated as semi-continuous and with simply supported spans. The temperature distribution due to fire at the central region of the spans is taken as in the simplified procedure proposed in European Prestandard ENV 1994-1-2 [ENV 1994-1-2. Eurocode 4, Design of composite steel and concrete structures — Structural fire design. Brussels: European Committee for Standardization (CEN); 1994] and then obtained with the more rigorous calculation using the described numerical algorithm. It will be assumed that no ultimate limit state will occur due to shear force (web buckling) or due to bending moment at the hogging moment regions of the beam (web and bottom flange buckling or distortional lateral buckling).     

Fire performance assessment of HPLWC hollow core slabs through full-scale furnace testing

High-Performance Light-Weight Concrete (HPLWC) is used for many structural applications when superior strength and low self-weight of the structural components are required. Among these applications there are thin floor structures, like hollow core slabs, that require characteristics of lightness, relatively high resistance and superior durability. Although the fire performance of normal strength concrete hollow core slabs has been extensively studied, the behavior of HPLWC hollow core slabs has not been suitably investigated.The paper reports the results of two full-scale furnace tests on HPLWC hollow core slabs. Each of them involved one panel with an applied load and one without load. The evolution of temperature inside the slabs was measured along with the load bearing capacity under fire conditions. During the first test severe spalling occurred in the loaded slab while during the second one, performed on slabs cured for some months under dry conditions, spalling did not occur. Finite elements simulations were also carried out in order to support the interpretation of the experimental results. Experimental and numerical investigations gave insight into the fire performance of HPLWC hollow core slabs and highlighted the influence of dry curing conditions in reducing the spalling and increasing the fire resistance.     

四边简支现浇混凝土空心楼盖二次抗火性能试验研究

为探究火灾后采用聚合物砂浆加固修复混凝土空心楼盖二次火灾下的抗火性能,对四边简支混凝土组合塑料模盒空心楼盖进行两次火灾试验。介绍了试验空心楼盖第一次受火试验及火灾后构件修复情况,重点介绍了加固修复后空心楼盖第二次火灾试验,描述了试验空心楼盖在两次受火下的破坏特征、变形和温度场分布规律,并进行分析和对比。研究结果表明:采用聚合物砂浆修复的空心楼盖在二次火灾作用下,第一次火灾受损较为严重的部位易产生爆裂脱落,从而降低了耐火极限;二次受火下楼盖内混凝土的温度峰值高于一次受火,且距离板底越近,两次火灾作用中温度峰值差值越大;试件在两次火灾作用下跨中处最大竖向位移基本相同,第二次受火作用后的残余位移小于第一次;采用聚合物砂浆对火灾后的空心楼盖进行修复,修复后的楼盖仍具有一定的抗火性能。