Effect of heating-rate on failure temperature of pre-loaded magnesium alloy

The response and failure of magnesium alloy AZ31 specimens subjected to different pre-loaded-stress levels and heating rates were investigated with a Gleeble-1500 thermo-mechanical material testing system. It is found that the increases of either pre-loaded stresses or heating-rates decrease the failure temperatures of the specimens. The metallographs of the tested specimens were also observed. It is shown that the high heating-rate may cause stronger local thermal inconsistency, which remarkably increases the microdefects and reduces the macroscopic mechanical properties of the material.     

Effect of heating-rate on failure temperature of pre-loaded brass H62

The response and failure of brass H62 specimens subjected to different levels of pre-loaded stresses and heating rates were investigated using a Gleeble-1500 thermal-mechanical material testing system. The metallographs of the tested material were also observed and analyzed. It is found that the increase of either pre-loaded stress or heating-rate decreases the failure temperature. Metallographic analysis shows that high heating-rate may cause stronger local thermal inconsistency （LTI） and remarkably increase the microdefects in the material, which may markedly degrade the macroscopic mechanical properties of the material.     

50MN预应力钢丝缠绕液压缸关键技术参数的确定

采用理论分析与有限元模拟相结合的方法对预应力钢丝缠绕液压缸关键技术参数进行了研究。将钢丝层简化为单层厚壁圆筒,建立1/4双层圆筒的平面应力轴对称有限元模型,钢丝层施加不同预紧力,得到外压随钢丝层厚度变化的曲线,可确定缠绕应力和钢丝层厚度。建立了参数化6层钢丝缠绕缸筒的1/4平面轴对称应力有限元模型,以不同预紧力递减增量进行遍历计算,以最终钢丝层对缸筒外壁压力的设计值为依据选择合适的钢丝层初始缠绕应力和预应力递减增量。最终确定了预应力钢丝缠绕缸筒关键技术参数,根据这些技术参数设计制造了内压为80 MPa的50 MN液压缸。     

孕育铁水静置对汽缸体内在质量的影响

分析了孕育铁水低温静置对灰铸铁汽缸体内在质量的不利影响，提出改善汽缸体内在质量的关键在于降低原铁水硅量以及出炉铁水孕育后尽快浇注。     

无缝气瓶收口热旋压成形过程的数值模拟及分析

通过MSC.Marc有限元分析软件模拟气瓶收口热旋压的成形过程,分析了在不同温度和进给率下管坯壁厚、等效应变速率、应力及旋压力的变化规律.结果表明:径向旋压力与总旋压力很接近,导致管坯周向受压,壁厚在不同区段出现程度不同的减薄和增大;随着旋压温度和旋轮进给率的增加,管坯起旋点处单元壁厚减薄增加,直壁和口部单元的壁厚增厚...     

Ru对镍基单晶高温合金高温持久性能的影响(英文)

在真空定向炉中浇注了具有[001]方向的不含Ru和含Ru两个单晶高温合金,其它合金元素的含量基本相同,研究Ru对单晶高温合金在(980℃,250 MPa),(1100℃,140 MPa)和(1120℃,140 MPa)条件下持久性能的影响。结果表明,加入Ru能提高单晶高温合金的高温持久性能,提高作用随着温度的升高而降低。在断裂后的两种合金试样中都观察到γ′相定向粗化和筏排化,并且在(1100℃,140 MPa)和(1120℃,140 MPa)条件试样中有针状的TCP相析出,而在(980 ℃,250 MPa)条件试样中无TCP相析出。加入Ru减少了TCP相的析出数量。最后,讨论了加入Ru带来的合金组织变化进而提高合金持久性能的原因。     

Effect of ammonia gas etching on growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes/nanofibers

The etching effect of ammonia (NH3) on the growth of vertically aligned nanotubes/nanofibers (CNTs) was investigated by direct-current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC-PECVD). NH3 gas etches Ni catalyst layer to form nanoscale islands while NH3 plasma etches the deposited amorphous carbon. Based on the etching effect of NH3 gas on Ni catalyst, the differences of growing bundles of CNTs and single strand CNTs were discussed; specifically, the amount of optimal NH3 gas etching is different between bundles of CNTs and single strand CNTs. In contrast to the CNT carpet growth, the single strand CNT growth requires shorter etching time (5 min) than large catalytic patterns (10 min) since nano dots already form catalyst islands for CNT growth. Through removing the plasma pretreatment process, the damage from being exposed at high temperature substrate occurring during the plasma generation time is minimized. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HTEM) shows fishbone structure of CNTs grown by PECVD.     

Acoustic emission testing of steel cylinders for the storage of natural gas on vehicles

Acoustic emission testing for the periodic inspection of steel cylinders used for the storage of natural gas on vehicles was investigated. Normal refuelling pressurization does not produce adequate emission to enable structural integrity assessment. Detection of cracks through 15% or more of the side wall is feasible using overpressurization to 33% above the nominal refuelling pressure. A methodology was developed to distinguish between general corrosion product signals and those primarily associated with cracks. The effects of test interruption and the rate of cylinder pressurization on acoustic emissions were examined. The test method involves the application of one conditioning pressure cycle followed by one overpressure cycle. The sensitivity of the test method is adequate to permit an inspection interval of five years in service.     

硬质合金强度随温度的变化及失效机理的研究

研究了温度对3555和471硬质合金抗弯强度的影响.结果表明,3555和471硬质合金的抗弯强度在室温至300℃的范围内基本保持不变,在300～400℃开始下降,在400～500℃范围内剧烈下降,在500～600℃范围内下降变缓,在600～700℃时,抗弯强度值出现一个平台,比室温时强度降低30%左右.这是由于高温下合金的软化,hcp γ→fcc γ相变,W、C在粘结相中的固溶以及热应力共同作用的结果.3540和3475合金高温下断面的粗糙度降低,孔洞增多,沿晶断裂比例增加.高温下合金表面发生氧化,形成疏松的垂直于表面生长的柱状晶氧化层,3555抗氧化能力比471合金高.     

Effect of deposition temperature on properties of boron-doped diamond films on tungsten carbide substrate

Boron-doped diamond (BDD) films were deposited on the tungsten carbide substrates at different substrate temperatures ranging from 450 to 850 °C by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) method. The effect of deposition temperature on the properties of the boron-doped diamond films on tungsten carbide substrate was investigated. It is found that boron doping obviously enhances the growth rate of diamond films. A relatively high growth rate of 544 nm/h was obtained for the BDD film deposited on the tungsten carbide at 650 °C. The added boron-containing precursor gas apparently reduced activation energy of film growth to be 53.1 kJ/mol, thus accelerated the rate of deposition chemical reaction. Moreover, Raman and XRD analysis showed that heavy boron doping (750 and 850 °C) deteriorated the diamond crystallinity and produced a high defect density in the BDD films. Overall, 600–700 °C is found to be an optimum substrate temperature range for depositing BDD films on tungsten carbide substrate.     

浇注温度对K417G合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了不同浇注温度下的K417G合金试样。结果表明,1 450℃浇注,合金中碳化物以块状为主,γ′相边缘钝化,γ′尺寸为1μm左右;1 500℃浇注,合金中碳化物以长条形为主,γ′相边缘清晰,立方度较好,γ′尺寸为0.8μm左右。1 450℃浇注的合金屈服强度及断裂强度均高于1 500℃浇注的合金。合金拉伸裂纹主要产生于碳化物处,1 450℃浇注的合金,碳化物尺寸较小,产生裂纹需要的应力较大;1 500℃浇注的合金,碳化物细长,碳化物断裂所需应力较小。在760℃/645 MPa条件下,1 450℃浇注的合金,平均持久寿命可达到219 h,而1 500℃浇注的合金,平均持久寿命仅为25 h。前者的断裂方式为穿晶断裂,后者为沿枝晶断裂,断口上存在有部分疏松组织。     

一种受循环内压厚壁圆筒的疲劳强度设计准则

本文利用 Sines方法将脉冲循环内压厚壁圆筒的多向应力问题转化为等效的单轴循环应力 ,再利用 Soderberg疲劳理论提出了一种包含了应力集中系数、尺寸系数和零件的表面加工系数、工作介质系数在内的脉冲循环内压厚壁圆筒疲劳强度设计准则。并用本文公式计算了受脉冲循环内压自支撑端向载荷厚壁筒的疲劳极限压力 P0 ,其计算值与文献 [3 ]中的实验值非常吻合 ,其最大相对误差为 1 0 .8%。同时还得到了受脉冲循环内压自支撑端向载荷厚壁筒疲劳极限压力的计算值与没有轴向力的脉冲循环内压厚壁筒疲劳极限压力计算值的差不大等结论     

Effect of anisotropy on microstructure and high temperature stress rupture properties of Ni3A1 base single crystal alloy

The effect of anisotropy on microstructure and high temperature stress rupture property of Ni3A1 base single crystal alloy was investigated. The single crystal specimens were produced by screw selection crystal method. The microstructures were examined by OM, SEM, TEM and X-ray EDS techniques. The stress rupture tests were can-led out in air by constant load creep machines under 1 100 ℃ and 130 MPa. The experimental results show that the dendrites preferential orientation deviates certain angles to heat flow orientation, and the secondary arms occur for different crystallographic orientations. The single crystal alloy with different orientations shows obvious anisotropy during tensile stress rupture tests under 1 100 ℃ and 130 MPa. The 〈111〉 orientation specimen has the best stress rupture life of 211 h. The high ductility at 1 100 ℃ of the 〈001〉 orientation specimen may be attributed to the most multiple equivalent slip systems.     

温度对CVD-TaC涂层组成、形貌与结构的影响

利用TaCl5-C3H6-H2-Ar反应体系,用化学气相沉积法(CVD)成功地在C/C复合材料表面沉积TaC涂层及C-TaC复合涂层.研究了温度对TaC涂层的相组成和表面形貌的影响以及CVD-TaC涂层的沉积机理.结果表明:在1373～1673 K温度范围内能够在C/C复合材料表面制备碳化钽涂层,它由TaC和游离碳组成.提高沉积温度和H2/C3H6的流量比,TaC涂层中游离碳的含量减少;随着沉积温度的升高,TaC涂层的颗粒尺寸增大,均匀程度下降;在1 573 K时颗粒间出现明显的烧结界面,结构致密无裂纹.制备出成分波动的C-TaC复合涂层,该涂层与基体间具有良好的机械相容性.分析了低应力、无裂纹TaC复合涂层的形成机制.     

Effect of annealing temperature on joints of diffusion bonded Mg/Al alloys

To study the effect of annealing temperature on the joints between magnesium and aluminum alloys, and improve the properties of bonding layers, composite plates of magnesium alloy (AZ31B) and aluminum alloy (6061) were welded using the vacuum diffusion bonding method. The composite specimens were continuously annealed in an electrical furnace under the protection of argon gas. The microstructures were then observed using scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffractometry was used to investigate the residual stresses in the specimens. The elemental distribution was analyzed with an electron probe micro analyzer. The tensile strength and hardness were also measured. Results show that the diffusion layers become wide as the heat treatment temperature increases, and the residual stress of the specimen is at a minimum and tensile strength is the largest when being annealed at 250 °C. Therefore, 250 °C is the most appropriate annealing temperature.     

大型筒体翻孔工艺及参数优化的数值模拟

采用DEFORM3D软件对径向尺寸和壁厚分别为4390mm和390mm的大型厚壁筒体翻孔工艺进行了模拟研究。研究表明,该翻孔成形具有弯曲与扩孔的复合变形特点,并通过对5种不同预加工孔径及3种不同孔型下翻孔过程的模拟分析,得出优化的孔径尺寸及孔型为平均直径40mm的反锥型孔。上述结果为该工艺的工程应用奠定了科学基础。     

High temperature rupture of Sn-Pb-0. 05RE solder alloy

llNTRODUCTI0NReIiabilityofsolderjointsunderthestan-dardthermalcycling(-55~125t)insurfacemounttechnology(SMT)microelectronicspack-agingisagreatconcerntopackagingdesignen-gineers['~'J.EssentiallythefailureofsolderJointsresultsfromthefailureofsolderall0ys,whichareusedasthe1nterc0nnecti0nmaterial.Duetotheirlowmeltingtemperature,solderal-loysexperiencethehighhomologoustempera-tures(e.g.,0.65fortheSn-Pbeutecticsolderatroomtemperature),andatime,temperatureandstress-dependentdeformationiscaused…     

Research on testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength

High temperature compressive strength is one of the most important performances of resin sand; its value directly concerns the quality of castings. In order to seek the best testing method of resin sand high temperature compressive strength, a self-developed instrument was used to carry out experiments, and the sample shape and size were designed and studied. The results show that a hollow cylinder sample can reflect the strength difference of different resin sands better than a solid cylinder sample, and its data is stable. The experiments selected Φ20/5×30 mm as the size of the hollow cylinder samples. The high temperature compressive strengths of phenol-formaldehyde resin coated sand, furan resin self-setting sand, and TEA resin sand were each tested. For the resin sand used for cast steel and cast iron, 1,000 oC was selected as the test temperature; for the resin sand used for cast non-ferrous al oy, 800 oC was selected as the test temperature; and for all the resin sand samples, 1 min was selected as the holding time. This testing method can truthfully reflect the high temperature performance of three kinds of resin sand; it is reproducible, and the variation coefficients of test values are under 10%.     

Effect of ammonia concentrations on SCC of α-brass under mode III loading

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of α-brass in ammonia solution was studied under mode III loading. The results showed that SCC occurred on the principal stress planes where shear stresses are zero. No SCC occurred on the maximum shear stress plane. Ammonia concentration affected fracture behaviour. When the concentration was low, many cracks with spacing of 10–150 μm were found on 45 ° planes, i.e., the principal stress planes. When the concentration was high, the cracks on 45 ° planes were not clearly visible because of serious general corrosion.