骨巨细胞瘤内多核巨细胞的超微结构研究

在超微结构上,将骨巨细胞瘤的多核巨细胞分为三型。多核巨细胞的来源是由单核基质细胞融合形成的。根据形态特征、恒定存在和生物学行为综合分析,认为多核巨细胞是骨巨细胞瘤的实质瘤细胞。     

人骨肉瘤的TEM和EDX研究

对10例人骨肉瘤进行了光镜病理学,电镜超微结构和能谱元素成份的研究。在超微结构上,将骨肉瘤细胞分类为骨母细胞型,软骨母细胞型,纤维母细胞型,原始间叶细胞和多核巨细胞等五型。各型瘤细胞的组织发生均来源于多能性原始间叶细胞。瘤细胞的恶性特点,除具有肿瘤性共同的形态特征之外,核内常见管状包涵体,胞质里有较多散在致密颗粒和无定向排列的微丝,间质胶原纤维中沉积着羟基磷灰石结晶颗粒。能谱分析说明瘤组织内有骨样组织的元素成份,羟基磷灰石结晶颗粒的形成反应了初期局部钙化。     

肺良性转移性平滑肌瘤的组织发生学研究

目的：探讨肺良性转移性平滑肌瘤(PBML)的组织发生和生物学性质。方法：对1例PBML的肺活检组织进行光镜和电镜观察以及免疫组化研究。结果：中年女性患者,有子宫平滑肌瘤病史。胸部CT显示双肺多发性结节影。巨检：胸膜下和肺内散在灰白色结节,直径0.2至0.4cm不等,边界清楚,无包膜。光镜观察：瘤细胞呈梭形,弥漫排列,其间有柱状上皮构成的腺样结构,分化成熟。免疫组化：梭形瘤细胞表达vimentin、desmin和平滑肌肌动蛋白,不表达CK、EMA、S-100、NSE和嗜铬素A,腺样结构表达甲状腺转录因子-1。超微结构显示梭形瘤细胞分化好,胞质内有肌丝和扩张的粗面内质网,肌丝问有密体,质膜下有密斑,细胞外有大量的胶原纤维。结论：PBML的梭形瘤细胞似分化成熟的平滑肌细胞和肌纤维母细胞,腺样结构起源于呼吸上皮,提示该瘤实为原发于肺的多发性纤维平滑肌瘤性错构瘤。     

小细胞恶性间皮瘤的超微结构观察

应用电镜观察小细胞恶性间皮瘤的超微结构特点,对5例福尔马林固定后、经光镜及免疫组化检查过的胸膜及腹膜肿瘤标本进行常规电镜标本制备及电镜观察。超微观察显示肿瘤细胞呈小圆形及小梭形。5例均见腺腔样结构、细长微绒毛、紧密连接及发育良好的桥粒。较长的微绒毛长度与直径之比为13：1。见不连续基板（2例）、胞质内张力丝（2例）及微丝（4例）,2例同时见核旁分布的球形微丝小体。结论：细长微绒毛是包括低分化小细胞恶性问皮瘤在内的恶性间皮瘤的特征性超微结构。电镜观察对确定小细胞恶性问皮瘤的病理诊断及鉴别诊断有帮助。     

低度恶性纤维粘液样肉瘤电镜观察

目的：研究低度恶性纤维粘液样肉瘤（ｌｏｗ－ｇｒａｄｅ ｆｉｂｒｏｍｙｘｏｉｄ ｓａｒｃｏｍａ,ＬＧＦＳ）的超微结构特点。方法：对两例ＬＧＦＳ进行电子显微镜观察,并与文献报道比较。结果：瘤细胞多呈长梭形或不规则形,部分细胞表面见丝状假足样突起,核膜光滑,或核形不规则呈分叶状,核染色质呈细块状;大部分瘤细胞浆内含丰富的扩张的粗面内质网,细胞周围见丰富的胶原纤维,部分瘤细胞之间可见桥粒样连接,胞浆内见肌微丝并见密斑,此外尚见胞浆内神经内分泌颗粒、核内假包涵体样结构、胞浆内长棱形的类似结晶体样的结构及被膜清楚的脂质空泡。讨论：ＬＧＦＳ瘤细胞显示纤维母细胞和肌纤维母细胞的超微结构特征,在肿瘤超微病理诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

大鼠骨髓源性内皮祖细胞的体外分离、培养及鉴定

目的：体外分离、扩增培养大鼠骨髓源性内皮祖细胞,并进行生物学特性鉴定,为后续实验研究提供材料准备。方法：采用密度梯度离心法和差速贴壁法分离获得单个核细胞,置于特殊培养基EGM -2MV进行扩增培养,对细胞行免疫荧光法检测CD34、CD133、VEGFR2的表达情况,摄取DiI-ac-LDL、结合FITC -UEA-1双染色鉴定及细胞迁移实验。结果：刚分离的单个核细胞小而圆,诱导培养4d左右细胞开始变大,部分呈梭形或多角形,2周左右呈条索状排列;细胞免疫荧光法鉴定CD34、CD133、VEGFR2为阳性,细胞既能吞噬DiI -ac -LDL又能与FITC-UEA-1结合;细胞迁移实验可见每个视野迁移细胞数为（16．6±1．05）个。结论：通过密度梯度离心法和差速贴壁法能成功获取单个核细胞,在特定培养基EGM -2MV中培养后可分化成为内皮祖细胞,为后续实验提供了细胞来源。     

间接免疫荧光法检测冠心病患者外周血单个核细胞PP65抗原

目的：了解冠心病患者外周血单个核细胞巨细胞病毒活动感染情况,并探讨动脉粥样硬化与HCMV感染的关系。方法：运用间接免疫荧光的方法,对29例冠心病患者、39例其他心血管病患者以及42例正常对照组外周血单个核细胞巨细胞病毒PP65抗原进行检测,并运用免疫散射比浊法对各组CRP进行测定。结果：29例冠心病患者中巨细胞病毒pp65抗原阳性者7例,占24．1％;与其他心血管患者中巨细胞病毒pp65抗原阳性率（5．1％）以及正常对照组巨细胞病毒pp65抗原阳性率（2．4%）相比明显升高,29例冠心病患者CRP水平（5．06±1．79mg/L）也明显高于其它两组（P〈0.05）。结论：冠心病患者外周血单个核细胞巨细胞病毒活动感染可能在动脉粥样硬化的发展过程中有重要作用。     

子宫肌瘤中成肌纤维细胞原代培养鉴定及意义

目的：观察子宫肌瘤与正常子宫肌层中成纤维细胞向成肌纤维细胞转分化的差异。原代培养人子宫肌瘤成肌纤维及鉴定。方法：（1）收集人子宫肌瘤、正常子宫肌层组织标本各30例;（2）采用免疫荧光三标鉴别正常子宫肌层与肌瘤组织中成肌纤维细胞的差异;（3）对人子宫肌瘤组织中的成肌纤维细胞进行原代分离培养,免疫细胞化学进行鉴定。结果：免疫荧光证实子宫肌瘤组织中成肌纤维细胞数较正常子宫肌层多,具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。子宫肌瘤组织成肌纤维细胞原代分离培养成功,免疫细胞化学结果显示所培养的细胞呈 Vimentin、α-SMA阳性表达,H-Caldesmon阴性表达,证实为成肌纤维细胞。结论：子宫肌瘤中成纤维细胞向成肌纤维细胞的转化较正常子宫肌层明显活跃,可能是子宫肌瘤发展过程中的关键因素之一。     

遗传性贫血骨髓穿刺标本的电镜观察

对临床诊断的4例贫血患者骨髓穿刺活检标本进行了电镜观察。观察结果表明：例1、例2分别为Ⅰ型及Ⅱ型先天性红细胞生成异常性贫血。电镜下,Ⅰ型患者骨髓中幼红细胞的改变主要表现为核的变异,即形成典型的海绵状形态,Ⅱ型患者骨髓中幼红细胞核形态变化不及Ⅰ型明显,但可见双核及多核幼红细胞,并常见网状细胞吞噬红细胞现象;病例3、4均为β-地中海贫血,电镜下见到幼红细胞胞浆内有电子致密包涵体。     

恶性雪旺氏瘤超微结构研究

恶性雪旺氏瘤是一种罕见肿瘤。当分化不良而又未能发现肿瘤与神经干或神经纤维瘤连系时,组织形态易与梭形细胞软组织肉瘤、恶性黑色素瘤或低分化癌相混淆。本文报告4例此类肿瘤,除1例电镜初步考虑为恶性雪旺氏瘤外,其余3例未能明确诊断,各例肿瘤组织学分别呈编织状结构、弥漫结构、上皮样结构和疏松结构,表现为肉瘤形态。瘤细胞均显示明显异型性。各例肿瘤分化虽不尽一致,但超微结构均     

肿瘤多细胞球:一种近似实体瘤的体外肿瘤模型

本文介绍了一种简便易行的方法,用以在体外建立近似体内实体瘤的肿瘤模型—肿瘤多细胞球模型(multicellular tumor spheroids,MCTSs).采用液滴重叠法(liquid overlay method)来构建HeLa肿瘤多细胞球模型,并在光镜下对肿瘤多细胞球的生长状况进行观察描述,再应用场发射扫描电...     

Starvation induces the formation of giant mitochondria in gastric parietal cells of guinea pigs

Mitochondria occasionally increase in size in response to metabolic injury. Numerous studies have reported giant mitochondria in patients with various diseases and animals with metabolic injuries, but there are few reports on giant mitochondria in normal cells under physiological conditions. Here, we report giant mitochondria in normal gastric parietal cells. Stomachs of guinea pigs fed freely, fasted or fasted and then injected with histamine were processed for electron microscopy. Giant mitochondria >2 microm in the diameter of their major axis were observed in resting-type parietal cells in the gastric glands of animals fasted for 60-72 h, whereas acid-secreting-type parietal cells found in those fed ad libitum did not contain giant mitochondria. Giant mitochondria showed unusual structures, especially in their cristae: they contained closely packed, tubular and concentric cristae as well as amorphous and pleomorphic inclusion bodies in their matrix. We observed giant mitochondria consisting of several segments, suggesting the fusion of several normal-sized mitochondria. Histamine injection decreased in a frequency of giant mitochondria in accordance with a decrease in a frequency of resting-type parietal cells. This is the first report of giant mitochondria in gastric parietal cells under physiological or near physiological conditions. Gastric parietal cells might be a good model for examining mitochondrial fusion and fission in a physiological state accompanied by the morphological change of the cells in the membrane system from an acid-secreting to resting type.     

促纤维增生性小圆细胞瘤的光学显微镜及电子显微镜观察

目的：研究促纤维增生性小圆细胞瘤（desmoplastic small round cell tumor,DSRCT）的病理学及超微结构特点。方法：3例DSRCT进行HE光镜、免疫组化染色,2例进行透射电镜观察。结果：瘤细胞呈不规则的大小不一的巢团和染索状结构并埋没在增生的纤维结缔组织中;免疫组化显示瘤细胞具有上皮源性、间质性和神经源性等多向分化的特点;电镜特征性结构为多数瘤细胞胞浆内核旁区有大小不同的中间丝聚集物,呈小球形或螺纹状排列,有的中间丝占据胞浆的较大比较。结论：DSRCT具有特殊的组织学、免疫组化及超微结构特征,DSRCT的超微结构观察在肿瘤的诊断和鉴别诊断中有重要价值。     

露蜂房蛋白对急性髓细胞白血病患者骨髓单个核细胞超微结构的影响

目的：观察中药露蜂房蛋白(NVP)成份对急性髓细胞白血病(AML)患者骨髓单个核细胞(BMMNC)超微结构的影响。方法：采用体外细胞培养,加入不同浓度露蜂房蛋白成分作用于AML患者BMMNC,培养72h收集细胞,常规制备超薄切片,透射电子显微镜下观察AML患者BMMNC的超微结构。结果：露蜂房蛋白各处理组细胞核染色质浓缩、边集,呈新月形或环状或细胞核碎裂呈块状。线粒体出现空泡样变及髓样变。结论：中药露蜂房蛋白成份有明显诱导AML患者体外培养BMMNC凋亡的作用,并呈现典型的细胞凋亡超微结构改变。     

PDT对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm的体外杀伤效应的研究

目的：探讨光动力疗法（PDT）对体外培养犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm的杀伤效应。方法：用不同浓度的血卟啉单甲醚（HMME）和不同剂量的氦氖激光,连续照射犬乳腺瘤细胞株CHMm后,用MIT法测定其OIM90值,确定光敏感剂和光照的最佳剂量。HMME-PDT后不同时间点检测细胞SOD、GSH-PX活性和MDA含壁的变化。结果：在相同剂量的激光照射下,HMME浓度为20μg／mL杀伤作用最明显;在相同的HMME浓度下,激光剂量大于2．8J／cm^2时OD4go值抵达平台。PDT后随时间延长MDA含量增加,SOD、GSH—PX活性降低。结论：PDT对体外培养的犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm有明确的杀伤效应,且HMME浓度20μg／ml、激光剂量2．8J／cm2是本实验PDT的最佳作用参数,PDT对犬乳腺肿瘤细胞株CHMm的杀伤效应可能是由于细胞MDA增加和SOD、GSH—PX降低而引起的。     

肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤的免疫组织化学和电镜观察

探讨肺黏膜相关淋巴组织型淋巴瘤（MALTLoma）的免疫表型和超微结构特点，对3例经开胸肺活检病理诊断的肺MALTLoma进行光镜和透射电镜观察以及免疫组化染色。光镜观察发现，瘤细胞主要由中心细胞样淋巴细胞、小淋巴细胞样瘤细胞组成；3例均有淋巴上皮性损伤和反应性淋巴滤泡以及淋巴滤泡的克隆化。免疫组化显示瘤细胞表达B细胞相关抗原。透射电镜观察发现，在支气管黏膜上皮和肺泡上皮细胞周围以及肺泡腔内有较多的淋巴细胞源性瘤细胞浸润，瘤细胞具有淋巴细胞的超微结构特点。对肺MALToma的超微结构观察为该瘤的研究提供了形态学依据，电镜观察对判断瘤细胞的来源和免疫表型有帮助。     

Engineered 3D Silk‐Based Metastasis Models: Interactions Between Human Breast Adenocarcinoma,Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Osteoblast‐Like Cells

Bone metastasis occurs in 70% of breast cancer patients and is a frequent cause of morbidity in cancer patients. A delicate balance exists in the bone microenvironment, but the functional dynamics underlying the tumor cell‐microenvironment interactions remain poorly understood. 3D in vitro model systems of metastasis can throw new light on this phenomenon. Silk protein fibroin scaffolds, are cytocompatible for 3D cancer cell culture. They are structurally more resistant to protease degradation than other native biomaterials making these matrices suitable for cancer modeling. In this report, human breast adenocarcinoma cells, human osteoblast like cells and mesenchymal stem cells are co‐cultered. Cancer cells and osteoblast‐like cells are found to interact through secreted products. Decreased population of osteoblast‐like cells and mineralization of extracellular matrix are observed as a result of co‐culture. Significantly increased migration of breast cancer cells is observed in the bone‐like constructs than in non‐seeded scaffolds. The co‐culture constructs show significant increase in drug resistance, invasiveness and angiogenicity. Co‐culture of breast cancer cells with osteoblast like cells and mesenchymal stem cells also indicate that the interaction of cancer cells with bone microenvironment varies with spatial organization, presence of osteogenic factors as well as stromal cell type. Here, results show that 3D in vitro co‐culture models is possibly a better system to study and target cancer progression.     

Effect of N-nitrosodiethylamine on the liver cells of chick embryos in primary culture

The morphology and proliferative activity of liver cells from chick embryos were studied. In vitro, the cells were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in doses of 100 and 75 mg/ml of culture medium for a 10-day period. The primary culture from liver cells of 9-day chick embryos was prepared on the highly permeable celloidine membrane. In early periods of cultivation there were degenerative signs, mainly in the parenchymal cells, which shows a cytotoxic effect of NDEA. Proliferation of a small population of light epithelioid cells was observed towards the end of the experiment. There were also some atypical and pathological mitoses in the fibroblasts. The obtained results show that a neoplastic transformation of the chick embryonal liver cells occurs under in vitro conditions.     

睾丸间质细胞瘤的电镜观察和分析

睾丸间质细胞瘤是一种罕见的肿瘤。我科应用航向电镜观察２例,见瘤细胞有独特 超微结构,即大量滑面内质网状形成的管泡体,脂滴和脂褐素小体;有诊断意义的蜂窝状Ｒｅｉｎｋｅ结晶和穗丝小体;因其肿瘤属性,线粒体大小不一致,粗面内质网为短层状,核大,有佛手状畸形核。