国内外2205双相钢连铸坯凝固组织及碳偏析分析

以国内外两家先进不锈钢生产企业的2205双相不锈钢连铸方坯为研究对象,对比分析了其相应的凝固组织特征和宏观碳偏析分布。研究发现,国外2205连铸坯凝固组织柱状晶较为发达,柱状晶比例为76%,宏观碳偏析总体较低;而国内2205连铸坯等轴晶占主要部分,等轴晶比例为58%,存在严重的中心碳偏析。通过进一步对比国外样品柱状晶区和等轴晶区的致密度得出,柱状晶区平均致密度为0.89,高于等轴晶的0.84,高致密度的凝固组织对降低宏观偏析有利。因此,为了获得较为均匀的连铸坯成分和较低的宏观偏析度,合理的柱状晶和等轴晶比例非常重要。     

薄带连铸AISI304不锈钢中铁素体行为

为了确定薄带连铸AISI304不锈钢凝固过程中残留铁素体的生成及转变行为,采用彩色金相、电解侵蚀、电子背散射衍射分析技术及X射线衍射分析等研究手段对双辊薄带连铸AISI304不锈钢凝固组织及残留铁素体特征进行了研究.结果表明AISI304不锈钢薄带的凝固组织由表层胞状晶区、中间柱状晶区和中心等轴晶区三部分组成.薄带表层胞状晶区内残留铁素体呈棒状,柱状晶区的残留铁素体形态为鱼骨状,中心等轴晶区的残留铁素体呈弯曲的树枝状;薄带的表层胞状晶区残留铁素体的质量分数为4.6%～6.6%,柱状晶区内的残留铁素体质量分数为3.6%～3.7%,中心等轴晶区内的残留铁素体质量分数为11.27%～11.34%;残留铁素体沿着厚度方向呈现"W"状分布.      

工艺因素对SCM435钢大方坯凝固组织的影响

为了模拟不同工艺条件下的连铸坯的凝固组织,采用有限元法模拟了SCM435钢的连铸凝固过程,获得了325 mm×280 mm连铸坯的温度场,在此基础上与元胞自动机(Cell automaton,CA)耦合模拟凝固组织.结果表明,随浇注温度的降低,柱状晶区逐步减少,表面细晶区及中心等轴晶扩大,晶粒密度逐步增加,最大晶粒面积及平均半径大大减少;但中心凝固所需要的时间反而有所增加,中心处的晶粒的平均半径先降低后升高;拉速对凝固位置的影响较为显著,随拉速的增加,晶粒密度逐步减少,柱状晶宽度与中心处的等轴晶半径略有增加.     

铁素体不锈钢凝固组织的影响因素

 铁素体不锈钢凝固过程中形成的柱状晶会影响钢的成形性,减少甚至避免铸坯柱状晶的形成,促进等轴晶的形成,对铁素体不锈钢来说尤为重要。采用连铸和模铸的试验方法浇铸了铁素体不锈钢430,以分析影响其凝固结构的因素。结果表明,电磁搅拌对430不锈钢连铸坯等轴晶的形成作用显著。无论模铸试验还是连铸试验,冷却强度对430铸坯柱状晶的形成都有明显的影响。在模铸试验条件下,碳、氮含量越高,越有利于其凝固时等轴晶的形成;在连铸试验条件下,由于温度梯度大,碳、氮含量对凝固组织的影响被削弱,但如果对钢液进行搅拌,碳、氮含量的变化对凝固组织仍然有明显的影响。     

GCr15轴承钢大方坯微观组织数值模拟

以某钢厂GCr15钢大方坯为研究对象,采用ProCAST软件建立凝固数学模型,在此基础上采用CAFE模型对铸坯凝固组织进行模拟,研究了过热度、拉速和二冷强度对铸坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明:过热度对铸坯凝固组织影响较大。随着过热度的提高,同一位置柱状晶区平均晶粒半径增大,柱状晶区增大,中心等轴晶比例减小,柱状晶向等轴晶转变延后,过热度由40℃降低至10℃时,中心等轴晶率增加21.14%。拉速和二冷强度对铸坯凝固组织影响较小。随着拉速的提高或二冷强度的降低,柱状晶区减小,中心等轴晶比例增大,柱状晶向等轴晶转变提前,但其变化并不明显。在实际生产过程中可以通过降低过热度来细化铸坯凝固组织晶粒。     

连铸坯凝固组织均质化技术的研究现状及进展

造成连铸坯宏观偏析的最主要原因是连铸坯在外部强冷条件下形成发达的柱状晶组织,消除宏观偏析的根本途径是有效控制铸坯的凝固过程,减少铸坯中柱状晶比率,提高等轴晶率。文中对国内外提高铸坯等轴晶率的应用研究现状进行了系统的总结,在介绍各类提高铸坯等轴晶率应用研究的基础上,介绍了最新的提高铸坯等轴晶率的方法-振动激发金属液形核技术,对其在连铸中的应用进行了展望。     

连铸坯枝晶凝固的重要微观结构特征参数的研究进展

连铸钢水凝固时结晶方式包括柱状晶和等轴晶对铸坯质量有显著影响。连铸过程合金成分、铸坯过热度、尺寸，冷却速度和温度梯度等技术参数均影响一次、二次枝晶臂间距、柱状晶至等轴晶转变边界位置和糊状区渗透率等结构特征参数。在已有研究的基础上总结了微观结构特征参数的半解析计算公式，在对连铸时宏观流场、温度场和浓度场分布的微观．宏观耦合数值模拟时可采用合适的半解析计算公式计算这些特征参数。     

低温度梯度结晶器的传热分析及其工业应用试验

结晶器内钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的降低可以阻碍柱状晶的生长、促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理,研究了可用于降低钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的带隔热镀层的新型结晶器的传热特性,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了其对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明,低温度梯度结晶器可满足连铸生产要求;与传统结晶器相比,低温度梯度结晶器出口铸坯表面温度提高了108℃,相近拉速下该结晶器的平均热流密度相对更低,表明其减缓了钢液在凝固初期的传热,从而降低了凝固前沿的温度梯度;通过与低过热度、电磁搅拌技术相结合,低温度梯度结晶器生产的铸坯等轴晶率提高了8%～13%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度明显降低。     

低温度梯度结晶器的传热分析及工业应用试验

 结晶器内钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的降低可以阻碍柱状晶的生长、促进柱状晶向等轴晶的转变和提高等轴晶率,从而有利于铸坯组织的均质化。基于上述原理和结晶器传热计算,设计和制造了可用于降低钢液凝固前沿温度梯度的带隔热镀层的新型结晶器,并在方坯连铸机上进行了工业试验,分析了其对方坯凝固组织的影响。结果表明,低温度梯度结晶器可满足连铸生产要求;与传统结晶器相比,低温度梯度结晶器出口铸坯表面温度提高了108℃,相近拉速下该结晶器的平均热流密度相对更低,表明其减缓了钢液在凝固初期的传热,从而降低了凝固前沿的温度梯度;通过与低过热度、电磁搅拌技术相结合,低温度梯度结晶器生产的铸坯等轴晶率提高了8%～13%,中心偏析和缩孔严重程度明显降低。     

双辊浇铸过程中18Cr—8Ni不锈钢的凝固组织形成机制

为了阐明双辊浇铸过程中凝固组织形成的机制，使用一台小型双辊连铸机对ＳＵＳ３０４奥氏体不锈钢进行了连铸实验。铸带中有两种凝固组织，即柱状枝晶区和等轴晶区。随辊区和液态金属间接触时间的增加，铸带厚度枝晶区深度增大，而等轴晶区几乎不变。增加初始辊缝尺寸，仅使等轴晶区扩大。另外，已弄清了钢液过热和结晶辊承支力对形成凝固组织的影响。钢液在与两结晶辊相接触时凝固的表层内形成柱状枝晶区。铸带剩余的未凝固层离开轧     

Influence of mechanical factors on solidification structure of thin strips of Fe–6.5wt-%Si alloy by twin roll casting process

Strips (1.6?mm thick) of Fe–6.5wt-%Si alloy were prepared by twin roll casting. The microstructure was found to be mainly columnar and equiaxed grains. The plastic deformation of the strip is inhomogeneous in the thickness direction. The most serious deformation is located at a certain depth from the strip surface. The influence of mechanical factors on the solidification structure of the strip is discussed. As the two solidifying shells contact with each other at the end of solidification, the columnar growth fronts break into fragments, which finally grow into equiaxed grains. At the hot rolling stage, the inhomogeneous deformation of the strip is attributed to the fact that the ductility of the alloy is sensitive to temperature. There is a large temperature gradient in the thickness direction, which can be up to 510°C?mm^??1.     

Effect of electric current pulse on solidification of silicon steel pertinent to twin roll casting

Abstract

An experimental study with respect to the influence of electric current pulse (ECP) on the solidification structure of molten silicon steel was investigated with a copper mould designed to simulate the twin roll casting process. The experimental results showed that the application of ECP can increase the proportion of equiaxed grains up to 67·5%. The mechanism of exerting ECP is also discussed. It can be confirmed that the application of ECP on twin roll casting could effectively improve the solidification structure of silicon steel strip.     

Strip properties and processing in twin roll casting of stainless and low carbon steels

Metallurgical features of the twin‐roll strip casting process are discussed. The as‐cast structure of two austenitic stainless steels is evaluated using EPMA and metallography. Cleanness levels as reached in twin‐roll strip casting are compared with conventional and thin slab casting. In‐line annealing is described as a method for grain refinement. The scale layer on twin‐roll cast strip is characterised for low carbon and stainless steels.     

Solidification modelling of microstructure in twin-roller thin strip casting of stainless steels

The influence of process parameters on the dendritic microstructure of thin strips cast by the twin-roll method is analyzed in the framework of a one-dimensional solidification model and compared with experimental results. As a relevant characteristic the secondary dendrite arm spacing Λ₂ as a function of the distance x from the roll surface is investigated. The difference between the local dendrite arm spacing near the strip surface and the strip centre, respectively, increases with the strip thickness and only depends on the casting temperature to a small extent. An increase in the strip/roller heat transfer coefficient due to a rising casting velocity or possibly enhanced roll-separating forces leads to a decrease in the dendrite arm spacing. The effect of a sudden decrease in heat transfer during the solidification process, on the Λ₂(x) characteristics, e.g. by a local separation of the solidified shell from the roller surface, is discussed.     

Modeling of the Coupling of Microstructure and Macrosegregation in a Direct Chill Cast Al-Cu Billet

The macroscopic multiphase flow and the growth of the solidification microstructures in the mushy zone of a direct chill (DC) casting are closely coupled. These couplings are the key to the understanding of the formation of the macrosegregation and of the non-uniform microstructure of the casting. In the present paper we use a multiphase and multiscale model to provide a fully coupled picture of the links between macrosegregation and microstructure in a DC cast billet. The model describes nucleation from inoculant particles and growth of dendritic and globular equiaxed crystal grains, fully coupled with macroscopic transport phenomena: fluid flow induced by natural convection and solidification shrinkage, heat, mass, and solute mass transport, motion of free-floating equiaxed grains, and of grain refiner particles. We compare our simulations to experiments on grain-refined and non-grain-refined industrial size billets from literature. We show that a transition between dendritic and globular grain morphology triggered by the grain refinement is the key to the explanation of the differences between the macrosegregation patterns in the two billets. We further show that the grain size and morphology are strongly affected by the macroscopic transport of free-floating equiaxed grains and of grain refiner particles.

     

The key technologies of controlling low carbon steel as-cast strip surface quality

This article is try to explain or analyze the key technologies of controlling the surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip through investigation of interface heat transfer between solidified shell and liquid steel.The one of the key technologies of controlling surface quality of low carbon steel as cast strip is through the casting roll surface texture in order to achieve the homogeneous solidification on the casting roll.Another is through forming a thin film on the casting roll surface in order to achieve a balance between rapid solidification and homogeneous solidification.This film formed between the twin roll and the molten steel can be controlled by adjusting the chemical composition and inclusion in liquid steel through controlling the amount of all[O]and free[O].     

双辊薄带连铸技术状况的调查分析

调查了双辊薄带铸轧生产线的运行状况。整理出其工业化应用所需要的基础数据,如用于相关设计和决策的连浇时间、作业率等。给出了生产能力的算例。利用经典的传热凝固理论和经验对双辊连铸的关键参数进行界定,导出了辊缝d(铸带厚度)和辊径D、液位h和最大浇铸速度Vcm的关系。分析了铁辊和铜辊的差异。总结分析了双辊铸带宏观偏析有别于连铸坯的现象和机制。     

节铬型铁素体不锈钢连铸板坯凝固过程热模拟

连铸板坯凝固传热主要在厚度方向进行,这造成了连铸坯大部分区域由侧面向中心凝固,因此可以近似地用非稳态定向凝固进行热模拟。利用自主研发的水平式连铸坯枝晶生长热模拟装置研究了新型节铬铁素体不锈钢连铸坯凝固组织,以期在工业生产前预测连铸工艺对其凝固组织的影响。热模拟试样热端温度采用连铸坯心部冷却曲线进行控制,并通过调节冷却水流量控制热模拟试样冷端的冷却强度,从而实现由冷端向热端的非稳态定向凝固。实验发现过热度和冷却强度对热模拟试样的等轴晶率及其平均晶粒尺寸影响不显著,但大的冷却强度会导致柱状晶长度增加。     

Characteristic Parameters for Dendritic Microstructure of Solidification During Slab Continuous Casting

 The operating conditions during the continuous casting process have a great effect on the microstructure of slab solidification, including primary and secondary dendritic arm spacing. On the basis of the analysis of available work, a revised expression for describing secondary dendritic arm spacing during solidification of slab continuous casting was presented, and the relation between the ratio of primary dendritic arm spacing to secondary dendritic arm spacing and the cooling rate was obtained.     

双辊铸轧薄带钢裂纹形成原因分析

裂纹是影响双辊铸轧薄带钢质量的主要因素之一。分析了铸轧薄带钢裂纹的形成机理，并对形成裂纹的主要影响因素作了探讨与归纳。