变位斜齿轮的热弹流润滑数值分析

运用斜齿轮有限长线接触数学模型,对渐开线变位斜齿轮进行热弹流润滑数值分析;分析正变位、负变位、等变位3种变位系数下斜齿轮的热弹流润滑状态,计算不同变位系数下斜齿轮的油膜压力、膜厚及温升,并与标准斜齿轮传动计算结果进行比较。结果表明:热弹流润滑条件下,斜齿轮的变位对油膜压力影响不大,对膜厚有较大的影响;变位斜齿轮正传动时,随变位系数的增大,压力减小,膜厚增大;沿最长接触线时,与标准斜齿轮的传动相比,变位斜齿轮正变位系数下压力最小、膜厚最大、温度最低,因此,选择正变位系数更有利于斜齿轮的润滑。     

变位齿轮齿条传动的热弹流润滑分析

建立了齿轮齿条传动的热弹流润滑模型,考虑齿轮热效应和正负变位齿轮沿啮合线在不同啮合点的综合曲率半径变化、卷吸速度的变化和单双齿啮合引起的载荷变化,分析齿轮齿条传动机构在不同瞬时、载荷随时间变化的非稳态弹流润滑数值解。讨论了变位系数对齿轮齿条弹流润滑油膜压力和膜厚的影响并分析了正变位和负变位对中心膜厚和最小膜厚的影响规律。结果表明,正变位可以降低油膜压力,增加膜厚,改善齿轮齿条机构的润滑状态;负变位使油膜压力升高,膜厚变薄。因此,设计齿轮齿条传动机构时,在符合要求的前提下,应尽量选择正变位齿轮,避免选择负变位齿轮。     

基于载荷分担理论的双渐开线齿轮混合弹流润滑分析

根据双渐开线齿轮齿廓啮合特点,基于载荷分担、弹流润滑理论,建立双渐开线齿轮混合弹流润滑模型,研究双渐开线齿轮齿廓参数对混合弹流润滑特性的影响。采用对比法分析双渐开线齿轮与同参数普通渐开线齿轮啮合特性及润滑性能差异,并研究双渐开线齿轮齿廓参数对润滑特性的影响。研究表明:双渐开线齿轮由于轮齿分阶的影响,其啮合特性及润滑性能与普通渐开线齿轮相比有较大差异;稳态载荷作用下,双渐开线齿轮在除接触线全部位于齿顶啮合区之外的位置,润滑性能优于普通渐开线齿轮;双渐开线齿轮中心膜厚随齿腰高度系数增大而减小,摩擦因数随齿腰高度系数的增大而增大;中心膜厚在齿顶啮合区随齿腰切向变位系数的增大而减小,在齿根啮合区中心膜厚变化规律与齿顶啮合区相反,摩擦因数随齿腰切向变位系数的增大而减小。     

齿轮齿条传动机构等温稳态弹流润滑数值分析

齿轮齿条在现代机械中应用广泛,但传动过程中易产生噪声、磨损、齿面胶合等,通过对机构润滑理论的研究,降低传动过程中齿面磨损及胶合机率。在现有的弹性流体动力润滑理论的基础上,利用多重网格法,得到了齿轮齿条传动过程中等温稳态弹流润滑数值解,讨论了齿轮齿条传动机构在不同啮合点、变位系数、线角传动比和模数下的无量纲压力和膜厚图,计算结果表明:啮合点位置、变位系数、线角传动比、模数等都会对油膜压力与膜厚产生影响。最终得出结论:在传动过程中,啮入点为啮合过程中的危险点;正变位能够使油膜变厚,负变位使油膜变薄;线角传动比、模数越大,油膜压力越小、膜厚越厚。     

内啮合齿轮传动系统的热弹流润滑特性分析

为探究内啮合齿轮传动的热弹流润滑特性,考虑多种齿轮传动类型及不同变位系数和的影响,建立了内啮合齿轮传动的热弹流润滑模型,分析了内啮合齿轮系统的热弹流润滑特性。结果表明,与其他齿轮传动类型相比,对于采取变位的内啮合齿轮传动系统,当实现正传动时,其润滑效果最佳,在啮合轮齿间可以形成较厚的润滑油膜,摩擦因数和油膜的最高温升最小,热胶合承载能力最强;当实现正传动时,适当增加内齿轮与行星齿轮的变位系数之和,可以进一步改善内啮合齿轮齿面的润滑特性,但同时降低了油膜刚度。     

变位非对称聚合物行星齿轮的瞬态热弹流润滑

为探究非对称齿廓的内啮合齿轮在变位情况下的热弹流润滑特性,用多重网格法对采用变位设计的非对称聚合物齿轮进行了瞬态热弹流润滑分析,比较了不同传动类型的变位齿轮的弹流润滑特性,分析了不同变位系数分配形式以及齿廓修形对非对称聚合物齿轮在内啮合情况下的瞬态弹流润滑的影响。结果表明,非对称齿轮能改善变位齿轮的润滑性能,正传动的变位类型的齿轮润滑性能最优,内齿轮采用较大的变位系数对热弹流润滑更为有利,合理的修形能够改善非对称变位齿轮的润滑性能。     

双渐开线齿轮分阶参数对弹流润滑特性的影响研究

针对双渐开线齿轮分阶参数对弹流润滑特性影响的问题,根据双渐开线齿轮齿廓啮合特点及弹流润滑理论,推导出了双渐开线齿轮接触线长度及当量曲率半径计算公式。建立了双渐开线齿轮弹流润滑模型,研究了双渐开线齿轮分阶参数对弹流润滑特性的影响;通过数值计算,得出了最小油膜厚度及摩擦系数在啮合周期内的分布情况。研究结果表明:采用该模型得出的最小油膜厚度与已有算例及经验公式得出的数值结果偏差较小;与双渐开线齿轮齿腰高度系数相比,齿腰切向变位系数对最小油膜厚度的影响较小,最小油膜厚度随高度系数的增大而减小;摩擦系数随齿腰高度系数的增大而增大,随齿腰切向变位系数的增大而减小。     

内啮合齿轮传动的弹流润滑

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论,建立了内啮合齿轮传动的弹流润滑模型。针对行星齿轮变速传动的两种工况,求出内齿轮和行星齿轮内啮合时各个啮合点的最小油膜厚度,绘出沿啮合线的弹流油膜厚度分布图。经过对膜厚图的分析得知,在行星轮和内齿轮啮合的节点靠近行星轮齿根处是油膜厚度的最薄弱处,且变速传动时,低速传动的内啮合工况润滑状态较差;经计算对比得出提高润滑油的粘度,可以增大润滑油膜的厚度;增大压力角提高油膜厚度的效果明显。提高齿轮啮合的油膜厚度对改善齿轮的润滑状态,降低齿轮的生产成本,具有实际使用价值。     

基于弹性流体动力润滑理论的齿轮设计

齿轮传动是重要的传动形式之一,良好润滑是保证齿轮正常传动的关键因素.根据所建立的齿轮弹性流体动力润滑数学模型,进行数值求解,分析载荷参数、润滑油粘度对齿轮弹流润滑性能的影响规律.结果表明随着载荷增加,二次压力峰值减少,位置向入口区偏离;而增大齿轮润滑油的粘度,弹流油膜压力影响不是很大,油膜膜厚是逐渐增加的.最后,根据齿轮形成的最小油膜厚度与齿面粗糙度之比(即膜厚比)分析了齿轮传动的润滑状态.     

不同粗糙纹理对齿轮齿条热弹流润滑的影响

将齿轮齿条的传动模型简化为圆柱与无限大平面之间的运动,建立考虑齿轮和齿条齿面粗糙纹理影响的齿轮齿条传动的热弹流润滑模型。采用牛顿流体,压力求解采用多重网格法,弹性变形采用多重网格积分法,计算得到不同粗糙纹理下的压力与膜厚,并与光滑表面进行比较,同时比较考虑热效应与等温情况下的压力与膜厚。计算结果表明:受粗糙纹理的影响,齿轮齿条传动机构的压力、膜厚和温升出现波动,最小膜厚变薄;矩形和三角形粗糙纹理表面粗糙峰和粗糙谷内都会形成局部的弹流现象,产生局部压力峰;考虑热效应时粗糙纹理表面的温升呈现波动,而压力和膜厚的波动幅度更大,考虑热效应的齿轮齿条传动机构的弹流润滑分析更符合工程实际。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.