Pb/Zn冶炼废渣中有价金属生物浸出条件优化

为提高生物浸出Pb/Zn冶炼废渣中有价金属的浸出率,利用正交设计,通过摇瓶实验,研究微生物浸出某Pb/Zn冶炼废渣过程中温度、pH值、废渣浓度及浸出时间等对废渣中Cu,Zn,In,Ga,Pb和Ag等有价金属浸出的影响。结果表明,在pH值为1.5、废渣浓度为5%、温度为65 ℃的优化浸出条件下生物浸出4d,Pb/Zn冶炼废渣中有价金属Cu,Zn,In和Ga的浸出率分别达到95.5%,93.5%,85.0%和80.2%,而Pb和Ag则主要以硫酸铅、黄钾铁矾类物质或硫化银形式富集在余渣中。     

不锈钢冶炼渣熔融还原及毒性浸出实验研究

通过半工业化试验证实了可以通过铁浴熔融还原工艺快速回收不锈钢冶炼渣中的铬。采用X射线衍射分析、荧光分析和化学分析方法,得到不锈钢渣的初始成分及物相,熔融还原处理后熔渣中Cr最优收得率达到98.6%,渣中残铬量最低可降至0.063%。并根据相关标准进行了毒性浸出试验,确认了不锈钢冶炼渣经过处理,浸出毒性从0.62 mg/L降低至0.017 86 mg/L,远远低于一般废弃物的标准。     

生物浸出体系中中等嗜热菌对锌冶炼窑渣中金属的提取及其电化学特性的影响(英文)

研究中等嗜热菌对锌冶炼窑渣中金属提取的影响以及生物浸出过程中锌冶炼窑渣碳糊电极的电化学特性。结果表明,在矿浆浓度2%、pH1.0、温度65°C、转速为120r/min的浸出条件下,去除生物浸出体系中吸附菌后,废渣中Fe、Cu和Zn的浸出率分别为86.7%、90.3%和66.7%,而在没有去除吸附菌体系中3种金属的浸出率分别为91.9%、96.0%和84.5%。对生物浸出渣和酸浸渣表面细菌分泌物进行FT-IR测试分析可知,生物浸出渣颗粒表面出现了新的官能团振动峰,如1007cm1和1193cm1处的峰,间接说明残渣颗粒表面吸附细菌的存在。生物浸出体系和空白体系的循环伏安曲线和塔菲尔曲线特性进一步表明生物浸出体系中细菌促进了锌冶炼窑渣中有价金属的溶出。     

头孢地尼胶囊在中国健康人群空腹/高脂餐后给药的生物等效性研究

目的：评价健康人空腹/餐后服用两种头孢地尼胶囊的生物等效性及安全性。方法：26例健康志愿者空腹随机交叉单剂量口服头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂或参比制剂,36例健康志愿者餐后随机交叉单剂量口服头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂或参比制剂,头孢地尼体内血药浓度采用液相色谱-质谱串联（LC-MS/MS）法测定,药动学参数及等效性采用WinNonlin 6.4和SAS 9.4软件计算和评价。结果：25例健康志愿者空腹服用头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂和参比制剂的Cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞的几何均值比的90%置信区间分别为93.01%～109.22%、96.16%～110.06%和96.38%～110.16%,均在80.00%～125.00%的生物等效性范围内。36例健康志愿者餐后服用头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂和参比制剂的Cmax、AUC0-t和AUC0-∞的几何均值比的90%置信区间分别为93.91%～103.28%、92.93%～100.72%和92.97%～101.26%,均在80.00%～125.00%的生物等效性范围内。健康志愿者空腹服用头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂和参比制剂的不良事件发生率分别是12.0%和11.5%。健康志愿者餐后服用头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂和参比制剂的不良事件发生率分别是25.0%和27.8%。 结论：头孢地尼胶囊受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性,志愿者在本试验给药剂量下安全性和耐受性良好。     

铜闪速熔炼渣中砷的赋存状态和浸出毒性（英文）

铜冶炼含砷炉渣的高效安全处置取决于对其含砷物相及其浸出毒性的准确认识。采用X射线荧光光谱、X射线衍射、电子探针显微分析、扫描电子显微术和选择性逐级提取法对铜熔炼渣中的含砷物相进行鉴定,并基于对炉渣中不同含砷物相的选择性逐级提取结果探讨渣中砷浸出毒性的可能来源。结果表明,砷以水溶性砷、铜砷金属间化合物、铜砷硫化物以及固化在铁橄榄石和硅酸盐玻璃相中的砷等形式赋存在熔炼渣中。浮选过程可以去除熔炼渣中的水溶性砷并回收铜砷金属间化合物,降低渣尾矿的砷浸出毒性,使其符合USEPA和SEPA标准要求。     

Two-stage precipitation process of iron and arsenic from acid leaching solutions

A leaching process for base metals recovery often generates considerable amounts of impurities such as iron and arsenic into the solution. It is a challenge to separate the non-valuable metals into manageable and stable waste products for final disposal, without loosing the valuable constituents. Boliden Mineral AB has patented a two-stage precipitation process that gives a very clean iron-arsenic precipitate by a minimum of coprecipitation of base metals. The obtained product shows to have good sedimentation and filtration properties, which makes it easy to recover the iron-arsenic depleted solution by filtration and washing of the precipitate. Continuos bench scale tests have been done, showing the excellent results achieved by the two-stage precipitation process.     

炼铜炉渣的显微分析与渣含铜

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜, 研究了空气熔炼和富氧熔炼条件下炼铜炉渣试样的显微结构。 在低倍的条件下测定了渣中含铜物相的粒级分布及其与周围物相种类的关系,用元素面扫描的方法逐一鉴定了渣中各物相的形态与组成 ; 用微区分析的方法确定了不同粒径含铜物相化学成分的差异,发现含铜物相的粒径越大, 其含铜越高。 分析中注意到不同氧化程度的渣中磁铁矿相结晶形态和数量的不同,氧化越甚, 磁铁矿晶体发育越完全, 渣含铜就越高。     

铅系统多金属渣有价金属综合回收的研究进展

铅冶炼过程中各工序会产出大量含银、锑、铋等多金属渣,随着国民经济和信息工业的迅速发展,金属铅的市场需求和产能在持续扩大,与此同时,铅冶炼系统多金属渣产量逐年递增,从渣中综合回收有价金属迫在眉睫。强化铅冶炼系统多金属渣中有价金属的综合回收,既可以实现资源的循环利用,促进冶金行业循环经济的发展,又能降低储存过程的污染风险,提升环境生态效益。本文综述了铅冶炼系统氧气吹炼、还原熔炼、火法精炼、电解精炼等主要工序生产精铅过程中的熔炼渣、铜浮渣、铅阳极泥和铅铋渣的产生情况及物化性质,详细分析了不同冶炼渣回收金属的技术现状、研究进展及发展趋势,旨在为推动铅冶炼系统多金属渣综合回收技术提供参考。     

Recovery of valuable elements from spent YBa2Cu3O7-x/Ag composite superconductor bulks

Silver as a highly conductive metal is usually doped in YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x superconductor bulks to improve critical current density of YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x superconductor. The valuable metal elements silver, yttrium, barium and copper in waste YBa₂Cu₃O_7–x/Ag composite superconductor bulks were recovered, respectively. Silver was recovered with process at first, the waste was dissolved by nitric acid and silver chloride was precipitated by adding chloride acid, then silver pig was obtained by melting silver chloride together with sodium carbonate at 1 000 °C. The effective factors on recovery ratio and purity of silver were studied. The chemical analysis proves that the purity of silver ingot is 95.86%. The recovery ratio of silver is calculated to be 92.56%. The loss of silver may be due to the loss of silver chloride during filtering and the volatilization of silver when silver chloride and sodium carbonate are smelted at high temperature. For other three metal elements, Y³⁺, Ba²⁺ and Cu²⁺, in the surplus waste liquid after recovering silver, they were separated with the sequence of barium, copper and then yttrium step by step. First, sulfate acid was used to precipitate barium sulfate. Then, sodium sulfide was added to the surplus solution so that copper could be separated as copper sulfide. During this separation procedure, it was important to control the pH value to be 1–2. After that, oxalic acid was added into the surplus solution to obtain yttrium oxalate. Finally, yttrium oxide was formed by burning yttrium oxalate. The XRD results indicate that the final products are all single-phase compounds as BaSO₄, CuS and Y₂O₃, respectively.     

生物浸出过程中黄铜矿钝化的控制方法(英文)

在细菌浸出黄铜矿的过程中,黄铜矿表面钝化是普遍现象,成为生物浸铜技术的瓶颈问题。对比研究了普通浸出与强化浸出(加入玻璃圆珠)对铜浸出的影响。结果表明,玻璃圆珠的加入改善了浸出条件,削弱了黄铜矿的钝化效应,使黄铜矿的Cu浸出率从50%提升至 89.8%。扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析发现,添加玻璃圆珠的黄铜矿表面没有黄钾铁矾沉淀,钝化作用不明显;而不加玻璃圆珠的黄铜矿表面附着厚厚的结构致密的黄钾铁矾,钝化严重,从而阻碍了黄铜矿的溶解和浸出。     

Viscosities of Fe_nO-MgO-SiO_2 and Fe_nO-MgO-CaO-SiO_2 slags

1　INTRODUCTIONTheviscosityofliquidslagsisanimportantphysicalproperty .Innickelflashsmeltingprocesses ,slagscontainmainlyironoxidesandsilicainadditiontoMgO ,CaO ,Cr2 O3andAl2 O3aswellasvaluemet alsandotherimpurities .Manyinvestigationsontheviscosityofironsilicatemeltwerealreadyreport ed[14 ] .Butonlyfewstudiesarereportedontheslagsinthecompositionrangeoccurringinnickelmattesmelting.Thismaymainlybeattributedtoexperi mentaldifficultiesinviscositymeasurementsforthehighmeltingtemperatureofi…