飞船返回舱座椅缓冲系统的改进与优化设计

为改善返回舱座椅缓冲系统的性能,提出一种新的改进方案,将其脚部由铰接支撑改为斜置弹性支撑。在ADAMS中建立座椅缓冲系统的动力学模型,并采用参数化建模方法对斜置弹性支撑的参数进行优化设计。对优化后的座椅缓冲系统进行动力学仿真的结果表明,与改进前座椅系统的缓冲性能相比,优化后的座椅缓冲系统不仅没有增加胸背向冲击响应,而且显著改善了人体头盆向的冲击响应。     

载人飞船着陆座椅缓冲系统的动力分析与改进

现有载人飞船座椅采用前支座铰接的方式,只能实现单向着陆缓冲。为了减小着陆过程对航天员的多向冲击过载,在此将座椅支座铰链连接改为双向弹性支撑。建立了两种缓冲系统的动力学模型,在同一种着陆工况下,比较了两种缓冲方案的缓冲器行程、工作时间、胸—背向和头—盆向加速度的动态响应。算例表明,改进后的缓冲系统能降低多向冲击加速度峰值。     

一种返回舱座椅水平缓冲杆设计

在对典型\"联盟式\"返回舱座椅局部改进的基础上,建立了能够吸收水平着陆冲击能量的水平缓冲杆支撑座椅模型。基于胀环式缓冲杆的缓冲原理和工作特性,定义了典型、极限水平着陆工况和水平缓冲杆设计要求;应用三部分设计方案和优化选择程序,分别设计了各段胀环长度相等和不相等的水平缓冲杆。座椅实例设计结果表明,综合了着陆工况、缓冲原理、工作特性和优化效率各个影响因素的设计方法,具有统一、全面和高效的特点;优化的水平缓冲杆支撑座椅,实现了同时缓冲头盆向和胸背向过载、适应更宽着陆工况的目的。     

载人防护缓冲气囊座椅的优化设计

针对设备载人空投过程中乘员防护的问题,设计出一种对乘员人体进行防护的缓冲气囊座椅,并采用MADYMO软件建立了缓冲气囊座椅数值模型,模拟该设备载人空投着陆中缓冲气囊座椅对乘员的缓冲过程。以减少人体的颈部损伤和胸部损伤为优化目标,利用微型多目标遗传算法对缓冲气囊座椅的充气质量、排气孔面积、排气压差以及缓冲气囊护颈的充气质量进行优化。该优化设计不但可以减少气囊座椅设计实验次数从而降低实验的成本,而且在载人空投防护技术领域具有一定的实际工程意义。     

缓冲包装信息融合设计方法及应用

目的 探究基于最大加速度-静应力曲线的缓冲包装信息融合设计方法,以优化缓冲包装设计的过程和效果。方法 将最大加速度-静应力曲线以通用函数形式表征,引入最优设计准则,构建缓冲设计基本方程组,阐述该方程组的数学和物理含义,将基于最大加速度-静应力曲线的缓冲包装设计归结为利用2个约束条件确定3个设计参数的问题。利用缓冲包装设计的稳定性约束条件和基本方程组,推导出缓冲失稳临界方程。结果 将缓冲材料的最大加速度-静应力曲线作为基础信息层,将表征缓冲设计目标的产品易损性参数[G]、表征约束条件的产品底面积参数A以及缓冲失稳临界方程等约束条件投影到基础信息层,通过多层信息的融合得到缓冲包装信息融合设计边界图,能够进行快速、准确的缓冲衬垫设计。     

主动磁悬浮轴承支承旋转机械的减振性能研究

针对旋转机械的振动噪声问题,在对轴承工作特性及系统振动传递特性进行理论分析的基础上,提出了采用新型主动磁悬浮轴承取代传统机械轴承以实现整机减振降噪的设想.以某工程试验样机为研究对象,利用有限元软件考察了轴承的刚度变化对该样机轴承座机脚振动不平衡响应的影响,进而开展了专门的振动对比实验来对主动磁悬浮轴承的减振性能进行实际评估.结果表明:减小轴承刚度的思路对于降低旋转机械的机脚振动确实可行;相比于机械轴承,采用主动磁悬浮轴承支承对于减小整机振动水平具有显著实际效果.相关结论可为拓展主动磁悬浮轴承技术的应用领域和场合提供重要思路及数据支持,同时也为其今后的工程化实用奠定研究基础.     

碳纤维复合材料孔隙率超声衰减测试研究

探讨和分析了碳纤维复合材料孔隙率检测的各种方法以及理论方面的研究,指出材料内部孔隙形状与孔隙含量存在着相关性,孔隙含量超声衰减测量应考虑孔隙形貌因素,超声波频率因素对超声衰减孔隙含量测量存在着影响,不同频率超声波影响着超声衰减孔隙含量计算公式的具体形式,复合材料孔隙率检测的难点在于破坏性实验及孔隙特性不能与实测中超声信号充分点点对应,不能有效充分考虑孔隙特性,提出了一种基于孔隙特征的多分段拟合孔隙率超声衰减测试方法,并以一简单例子对多分段拟合结果进行了分析.     

Haze removal method based on a variation function and colour attenuation prior for UAV remote-sensing images

Aiming at the problem of low visibility of images obtained by UAV in hazy weather, this paper proposes an image dehazing algorithm based on variation function and colour attention prior. A large number of experiments have proved that the sky or other bright regions could affect the estimation of atmospheric light and transmittance. In the experiment, our proposed algorithm divides the images into sky and dark regions and uses the pixels of the dark region to solve the atmospheric light value. According to the region where the pixels are located, the transmittances of the pixels in the sky and non-sky regions are separately estimated and adjusted. The experiment’s results show that the restored image visibility, information entropy and colour saturation are significantly improved, and the algorithm’s computational efficiency is high.     

汽车悬架及司机座椅动态参数优化

汽车悬架及司机座椅动态参数对汽车行驶的平顺性有着重要影响。本文以八自由度三维空间质弹系统作为汽车振动系统的力学模型，用前后四轮路面随机激励作为系统输入，对车厢及司机座椅的输入功率谱进行分析，在此基础上对该模型的悬架及司机座椅动态参数进行优化，并给出悬架参数及司机座椅参数的优化结果。     

袖套式挠性接管性能及管路减振效果的试验研究

本文对袖套式挠性接管的平衡性能、静刚度参数及阻抗特性进行了试验研究 ,并在试验室用船用往复式舱底泵对袖套式挠性接管进行了不同压力状态下的管路减振效果的试验 ,试验结果表明袖套式挠性接管具有良好的减振效果和实船运用前景。     

光互联网中新型双向OXC的串扰分析

本文基于光纤布喇格光栅和光环行器提出了2×2双向光交叉连接器光串扰分析模型.分析了基于新型模型的相干串扰与非相干串扰的原理、特性以及它们对系统性能的影响.我们采用蒙特卡洛方法进行仿真实验,仿真结果表明,新型双向光交叉连接器的相干串扰将随着波长数的增加而增加且具有较小的功率代价特性.这种新型的双向光交叉连接器通过级联可扩展到N×N的波长路由.它在未来的全光网络中有较好的应用前景.     

Sustainability of the effects of the demerit points system on seat belt use: a region-wide before-and-after observational study in Italy

To assess the short and long term effects of the demerit points system on seat belt use, we set a region-wide cross-sectional observational study 3 months before, and 3 and 15 months after the introduction of the scheme (July 2003) in the Veneto Region, Italy. We analysed differences in seat belt use by year of observation, gender and position in the vehicle, and obtained adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) through Poisson regression. A total of 29,303 drivers, 28,778 front and 12,186 rear passengers were observed. Prevalence levels of 54% for drivers and 53% for front passengers in 2003 switched to 83 and 76%, respectively, 3 months after the new legislation, with further slight increases 15 months thereafter. Seventy-four percent rear passengers were still not compliant with the legislation in 2005. The probability of being belted was 25% lower in males than females (APR=0.75, 95% CI 0.73-0.77) at the beginning of the study period. However, the effect of the new legislation was 19% greater among males (APR=1.19, 95% CI 1.16-1.23). A substantial increase in seat belt use was reached and sustained with the demerit points system. Specific efforts should target rear passengers whose seat belt use still remains worryingly low.     

航天器太阳帆板多自由度减振装置设计

航天器外伸的太阳帆板会引起驱动扰动和残余振动两类振动问题,且两者发生在不同的振动方向(扭转和弯曲),并属于不同的振动类型(强迫与自由振动).提出一种多自由度减振装置实施方案,通过调整驱动系统动态特性降低两类振动干扰.基于虚功原理建立了太阳帆板驱动系统动力学模型,分析了减振装置刚度和阻尼参数对驱动系统动态特性的影响规律,...     

新型聚酯材料状态方程的研究

聚酯材料在航空航天领域有着较广泛的应用,其高压力学性能的研究逐渐受到人们的关注。针对一种新型聚酯材料通过轻气炮(LGG)实验开展其冲击压缩力学性能研究。采用非对称碰撞直接测量法测量并计算激波速度(D)与波后质点速度(u)的D-u型Hugoniot曲线,并由此推导出P-η型Hugoniot曲线。建立了该材料的Murnagham状态方程,求得了相应的材料参数。并对新型聚酯材料的Murnagham状态方程和P-η型Hugoniot状态方程进行了比较和分析。     

Natural attenuation processes for remediation of arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater

Arsenic (As) contamination presents a hazard in many countries. Natural attenuation (NA) of As-contaminated soils and groundwater may be a cost-effective in situ remedial option. It relies on the site intrinsic assimilative capacity and allows in-place cleanup. Sorption to solid phases is the principal mechanism immobilizing As in soils and removing it from groundwater. Hydroxides of iron, aluminum and manganese, clay and sulfide minerals, and natural organic matter are commonly associated with soils and aquifer sediments, and have been shown to be significant As adsorbents. The extent of sorption is influenced by As speciation and the site geochemical conditions such as pH, redox potential, and the co-occurring ions. Microbial activity may catalyze the transformation of As species, or mediate redox reactions thus influencing As mobility. Plants that are capable of hyperaccumulating As may translocate As from contaminated soils and groundwater to their tissues, providing the basis for phytoremediation. However, NA is subject to hydrological changes and may take substantial periods of time, thus requiring long-term monitoring. The current understanding of As NA processes remains limited. Sufficient site characterization is critical to the success of NA. Further research is required to develop conceptual and mathematical models to predict the fate and transport of As and to evaluate the site NA capacity. Engineering enhanced NA using environmentally benign products may be an effective alternative.