Lipozyme RM IM脂肪酶催化酸解制备MLM型结构脂质

采用脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM催化辛酸、癸酸与大豆油进行酸解反应以制备MLM型结构脂质。通过单因素实验研究底物摩尔比、辛癸酸摩尔比、酶添加量、反应时间、反应温度和初始水分含量对酸解反应的影响。得到适合的反应条件为:底物摩尔比3∶1(总脂肪酸/大豆油),辛酸与癸酸摩尔比(辛酸/癸酸)2.5∶1,酶添加量7.5 wt%(基于底物总重),反应时间5 h,反应温度65℃,加水量1.0 wt%(基于底物总重),得到MLM结构脂脂肪酸组成中辛酸含量为20.0 wt%,癸酸含量为10.5 wt%,两者质量比为1.92。     

酶催化酯交换制备MLM型结构脂的研究

采用Lipozyme RM IM脂肪酶为催化剂,在无溶剂体系中,催化大豆油和辛酸(C8∶0)、癸酸(C10∶0)进行酯交换反应制备MLM型结构脂.辛酸、癸酸单独与大豆油反应时,癸酸在产品中的含量比辛酸高并且反应速率快;辛酸、癸酸混合与大豆油反应同其分别单独与大豆油反应没有区别,因此选择辛酸、癸酸混合与大豆油进行酯交换反应.在目标产品(27％ C8∶0和10％ C10∶0)的基础上,探讨了辛酸与癸酸摩尔比、底物摩尔比(酸与大豆油摩尔比)、反应温度及Lipozyme RM IM添加量(基于底物总质量)对酯交换产品中辛酸、癸酸含量的影响,同时对脂肪酶可重复利用次数进行了考察.得到的最佳反应条件为:辛酸与癸酸摩尔比4∶1,底物摩尔比6∶1,反应温度55℃,Lipozyme RM IM添加量7％;在此条件下达到目标产品要求的反应时间仅需4h.在最佳反应条件下,利用该酶反应了12批次(每批次为24 h)后,结果仍可达到目标产品的要求.     

超临界酶法酯交换合成结构脂质中酶活力的研究

超临界酯交换合成结构脂质的反应中使用脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM,不同的工艺条件对脂肪酶的催化活性会有影响.当反应温度为45℃,底物摩尔比(辛酸乙酯:鱼油)为15:1,酶用量为底物总量的10%,添加水量为酶量的30%,反应时间为11h,超临界CO2压力为12.5 MPa时,脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM的催化效果最好,辛酸结合率在反应产物甘三酯中达最大值.肪脂酶Lipozyme RMIM在以上反应体系中重复使用17次,其酯交换活力降低50%.     

基于核桃油-辛酸酶法合成的 新型结构脂

本文研究了以核桃油、辛酸为实验原料,通过Box-Benhnken响应面优化核桃油-辛酸结构脂的制备工艺,以其辛酸插入率为评价标准从固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435、Lipozyme TL IM 和 Lipozyme RM IM 中筛选出辛酸插入率最高的酶,考察底物摩尔比、酶的添加量、反应时间及反应温度对核桃油-辛酸结构脂中辛酸插入率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,利用四因素三水平响应面法确定核桃油-辛酸结构脂的制备工艺。结果表明固定化脂肪酶 Lipozyme TL IM 较适合制备核桃油-辛酸结构脂,其最佳酸解反应的条件为底物摩尔比(辛酸:核桃油)为3:1,酶添加量为10wt%,反应时间为12.6h,反应温度为44.8℃,在此条件下,辛酸插入率为32.37%。该条件适于制备的核桃油-辛酸结构脂,通过对核桃油-辛酸结构脂制备工艺的优化可为结构脂的开发与应用提供理论借鉴。     

酶催化酸解棉籽油分提产物合成结构脂质研究

以棉籽油分提产物和辛酸为原料,Sn1,3-位定向固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,在无溶剂体系中催化酸解棉籽油分提产物合成一类具有供能低、易消化、熔点低等优点的功能性结构脂质。对3种不同碱液进行脱酸能力比较,结果表明KOH-乙醇水溶液脱酸效果最好;对3种不同来源的脂肪酶脱酸能力进行筛选,结果表明Lipozyme RM IM脂肪酶催化活性高;在单因素试验基础上,以辛酸含量为响应值,采用响应面试验确定最优工艺条件为:反应温度68℃,反应时间7.88 h,酶添加量11.8%,底物比2.98∶1。在最佳反应条件下,产物中辛酸质量分数达35.25%。     

酶催化大豆油酸解制备质构脂质反应条件的优化

探讨了正己烷体系中各因素对酶催化大豆油酸解制备质构脂质反应的影响,在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面设计实验,以辛酸插入率为考察指标,确定了最佳反应条件。结果表明,最优反应条件为:反应温度35.8℃,加酶量11.9%(底物的质量分数),底物摩尔比5.7∶1(辛酸/大豆油),加水量15.4%(酶的质量分数),反应时间20.4 h。在此条件下,实验测得辛酸插入率高达44.903 7%,与模型预测值45.689 8%非常吻合。     

无溶剂体系中酶催化合成结构脂质条件初探

以菜籽油和辛酸为原料,在无溶剂体系中用脂肪酶催化酸解合成结构脂质。对6种不同来源的脂肪酶进行筛选,结果表明Lipozyme RMIM催化活性高、Sn-1,3位特异性强。以Lipozyme RMIM为催化用酶,考察了反应时间、反应温度、底物比(菜籽油与辛酸摩尔比)、加酶量、体系水分含量对酸解反应的影响。结果表明,在反应时间15 h,反应温度50℃,底物比1∶4,加酶量10%条件下,辛酸合成率达40%。     

酶法催化酯交换制备甘油二酯工艺优化研究

以大豆油和单甘酯为原料,在无溶剂体系中利用固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化合成甘油二酯。通过单因素实验和响应面实验研究反应温度、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶添加量对甘油二酯含量的影响。结果表明:4个因素对甘油二酯含量影响的大小依次为反应温度、反应时间、酶添加量、底物摩尔比;合成甘油二酯的最佳工艺条件为大豆油与单甘酯摩尔比1∶2、酶添加量9%、反应温度83℃、反应时间6. 5 h,在此条件下甘油二酯含量为(51. 2±0. 2)%。     

脂肪酶改良猪油制备功能性脂的研究

我国有丰富廉价的动植物油资源，但这一资源并末得到有效的利用，为了充分利用这些资源，开展了脂肪酶催化猪油与辛酸酸解制备功能性脂的研究工作。脂肪酶筛选实验表明，在所选用的五种脂肪酶中，来自T.languginosa的同定化脂肪酶Liopzyme TL IM的催化效果最好。以Lipozyme TL IM为催化剂，进一步研究了酶量、有机溶剂、底物比率、反心时间和反应温度对猪油中辛酸插入率的影响。反应产物通过高效液相色谱法（HPLC）进行分析。研究结果表明，在正己烷介质中，脂肪酶量为15％（底物重量厅分比），底物比率为1：2（猪油：辛酸）反应时间24h，反应温度为55～60℃时，辛酸插入率最高。     

有机体系中酶法催化合成甘油二酯工艺研究

以大豆油和单硬脂酸甘油酯为原料,在有机溶剂体系中,采用固定脂肪酶催化转酯化合成甘油二酯。考察了不同有机溶剂、酶的种类、反应温度、反应时间、酶添加量以及底物摩尔比对甘油二酯得率影响。在单因素实验的基础上,通过响应面试验设计,确定最佳合成工艺条件为:固定脂肪酶Lipozyme RM IM作为催化酶,反应介质叔丁醇,反应温度52℃,时间6.70 h,脂肪酶添加量5.69%,底物摩尔比1.11∶1,此条件下,产物中甘油二酯的含量达到45.36%。通过二级分子蒸馏分离,甘油二酯含量达到92.31%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press