风电场静态电压稳定研究

大量风电并网运行将会影响电力系统的静态电压稳定性。不同的风机类型对系统电压稳定的影响差别很大。建立了风电场两种主流风机的数学模型,分析了风电场静态电压稳定的特点,通过连续潮流计算得到了风电场关键节点电压随风电场有功功率变化的P-V曲线,计算了一定条件些下的电压稳定极限,比较了不同风机类型对系统电压稳定极限的影响,分析了影响风电场静态电压稳定极限的主要因素。结果表明,影响风电场静态电压稳定性的主要因素为风机类型,接入线路参数R/X,机端补偿电容等。基于双馈异步发电机风电场静态电压稳定性要明显好于基于普通异步     

UPFC对风电场稳定性影响的仿真研究

在风速变化过大或发生短路故障时,异步风力机的电压变化也大,馈入电网的有功也有较大变化,与系统交换的无功增加,超过了系统安全约束,导致风电场停运。UPFC可以控制电压和潮流,维持风电场电压,减少无功交换,提高风电场有功的输送极限,维持系统稳定。通过Matlab/Simulink建立仿真模型,对UPFC的作用进行了验证。     

风电场接入系统静态电压稳定研究

大型风电场并网运行将会影响电力系统的电压稳定性。分别就两种主流风机（即普通异步发电机和双馈感应电机）风电场接入系统的静态电压稳定问题进行了研究。首先简要介绍了文中分析静态电压稳定问题的方法,即连续潮流法。然后分别建立了两种主流风机的稳态数学模型,分析了两种风电场静态电压稳定的特点。最后通过算例仿真,分析了影响风电场静态电压稳定的主要因素,比较了不同风机类型对风电场静态电压稳定的影响。     

基于遗传算法的风电场无功补偿容量的计算

提出了应用遗传算法进行风力发电机组机端无功补偿容量计算的方法,并应用MATLAB编程给予了实现.该方法根据风速变化和风电场所接入系统的实际情况,用遗传算法进行补偿容量寻优.目标函数中综合考虑了异步风力发电机功率因数和机端电压水平两方面因素,从而在一定程度上考虑了异步发电机的无功电压特性.通过与传统方法进行比较分析,证明了所提方法的有效性和准确性.     

不同风电场模型对风电场电压的影响评估

目前,实际的电力系统仿真计算将风电场处理为一台风电机组。随着并入输电网的风电容量持续增加,仍按照一台风机等效对系统仿真计算造成的误差不容忽视,该误差能引起风电场内部保护装置的误动作。文章针对不同风电模型对风电场电压的影响做了详细比较,并给出了量化指标。经过试验仿真分析得出以下结论:不同风电场模型对风电场出口和并网点电压的影响不同,当恒速异步风电机构成的风电场采用一台风电机等效时,将会使风电场出口的相电压计算平均误差达到16.667%。因此,为保证仿真精度与风电场保护的正确动作,在对含风电场的电力系统进行仿真计算时,应将风电场处理为若干台风电机。     

考虑调压裕度的风电场无功电压控制策略北大核心CSCD

针对风电场并网带来的电压稳定问题,文章提出了考虑调压裕度的无功电压控制策略。采用分层控制技术,首先通过无功整定层计算风电场无功输出参考值;其次在无功分配层考虑无功补偿装置与风电机组自身的调压裕度,选择相应的无功补偿方法,优先选用风电场配置的无功补偿装置进行无功调节。若补偿装置无法满足电压稳定要求,则根据各风电机组的运行状态,将无功补偿值按照无功容量比例算法进行分配,风电机组的网侧变流器采用自适应下垂控制以实现最大无功容量补偿。若无功缺额依然存在,需要对风电机组进行减载控制以实现对电网电压的无功支撑;最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台对所提策略的有效性进行了验证。     

含无功补偿装置的风电并网系统 暂态电压稳定性研究

针对大规模风电并网后系统的暂态电压稳定性问题,阐述了暂态电压失稳的机理以及暂态电压稳定性的分析计算方法,介绍了2种重要的无功补偿装置SVC和STATCOM。采用BPA软件对国内某一实际电网进行了仿真分析,结果表明,风速变化和系统发生短路故障均会对系统的暂态电压稳定性造成影响,导致系统的电压水平降低。装设SVC或STATCOM对系统电压均有支撑作用,且STATCOM对电压的支撑作用更加明显。     

基于Matlab的含风电电网建模与仿真

介绍了应用Matlab 7.0对含风电的电网建模以及风速突然变化、系统电压突然下降和电网发生单相接地短路3种情况的仿真分析方法和机理。仿真结果表明，变速风力机驱动双馈式异步风力发电机组的变速平稳。机组效率高，对电网也可以起到一定的稳压和无功调解的作用。     

基于SIMULINK的失速型风电机组软并网控制系统的仿真分析

软并网控制技术是失速型风电机组电控系统的关键技术之一。该文分析了利用晶闸管进行软并网的原理，建立了机组并网的SIMULINK仿真模型，在对仿真模型进行验证的基础上，对各种并网过程进行了仿真，提出了机组并网转速与晶闸管移相触发规律应随电机转子加速度凋节的控制策略，为失速型风电机组软并网系统的研制提供了必要的参考依据。     

并网型风力发电机的建模与仿真

随着风力发电的规模扩大，风电对电网的电压稳定性影响越来越大。文章从电力系统分析的角度建立了以暂态电势为状态变量的风力发电机的机电暂态数学模型，并对该模型进行了仿真试验，验证该模型的正确性。该研究对探讨含风力发电成分的电网的电压稳定性具有一定意义。     

基于风电机组无功裕度预测的风电场无功分层控制策略

针对风电电压波动的问题,文章基于风电机组无功裕度预测,提出了一种风电场无功分层控制策略.该策略首先以并网点电压偏差和线路有功损耗最小为目标,使用二次规划算法在线实时求解最优并网电压,进而求解风电场无功参考值;其次,采用EWT-LSSVM预测算法进行风电功率预测,并提出预测功率校正方法实时修正预测功率,精确求解风电机组的...     

风电系统的无功功率与电网电压稳定

论述了风电容量在占局部电网相当比例时,风电机组的无功功率调整与电网电压之间的关系,对于定速和变速风电机组的运行特性做了分析,提出了在需要做无功功率调整时风电机组应能满足的特殊要求。     

Stochastic reactive power market with volatility of wind power considering voltage security

While wind power generation is growing rapidly around the globe; its stochastic nature affects the system operation in many different aspects. In this paper, the impact of wind power volatility on the reactive power market is taken into account. The paper presents a novel stochastic method for optimal reactive power market clearing considering voltage security and volatile nature of the wind. The proposed optimization algorithm uses a multiobjective nonlinear programming technique to minimize market payment and simultaneously maximize voltage security margin. Considering a set of probable wind speeds, in the first stage, the proposed algorithm seeks to minimize expected system payment which is summation of reactive power payment and transmission loss cost. The object of the second stage is maximization of expected voltage security margin to increase the system loadability and security. Finally, in the last stage, a multiobjective function is presented to schedule the stochastic reactive power market using results of two previous stages. The proposed algorithm is applied to IEEE 14-bus test system. As a benchmark, Monte Carlo Simulation method is utilized to simulate the actual market of given period of time to evaluate results of the proposed algorithm, and satisfactory results are achieved.     

Reactive power management and control of distant large-scale grid-connected offshore wind power farms

Reactive power management and control of distant large-scale offshore wind power farms connected to the grid through high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) transmission cable are presented in this paper. The choice of the transmission option is based on the capacity of the considered wind farm (WF) and the distance to the onshore grid connection point. The WF is made up of identical doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs). Modelling and improved analysis of the effective reactive power capability of DFIGs as affected by various operational constraints are provided. In addition, modelling and analysis of the reactive power demands, balance, and control are presented. The minimum capacity and reactive power settings for reactive power compensation required for the system are determined. Possibility of unity power factor operation suggested by the German electricity association (VDEW) is investigated. A summary of the main outcomes of the work presented in this paper is provided in the conclusions section.     

Economic assessment of voltage and reactive power control provision by wind farms

The aim of this paper is to quantify the cost of the provision of voltage control by wind power generation. A methodology for evaluating the economic impact of providing different types of voltage control is proposed. This evaluation examines the increase in costs caused by the change in active power losses due to the provision of wind farms voltage control. These losses are computed for different controllers: (a) wind farms are operated at a fixed power factor, (b) wind farms provide proportional voltage control, and (c) wind farms provide reactive power to minimize power losses. Furthermore, these three possibilities are compared with the option of adding flexible alternating current transmission system devices, which are another alternative for supporting the grid by controlling voltage. The methodology outlined is applied to a real and representative Spanish wind harvesting network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Modeling and analysis of reactive power in grid‐connected onshore and offshore DFIG‐based wind farms

The analysis of reactive power for offshore and onshore wind farms connected to the grid through high‐voltage alternating‐current transmission systems is considered in this paper. The considered wind farm is made up with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs). Modeling and improved analysis of the effective reactive power capability of DFIGs are provided. Particularly, the optimal power‐tracking constraints and other operational variables are considered in the modeling and analysis of the DFIG reactive power capability. Reactive power requirements for both overhead and cable transmission systems are modeled and compared with each other as well as with the reactive power capability of the wind farms. Possibility of unity power factor operation suggested by the German Electricity Association (VDEW) is investigated for both types of installations. Aggregate reactive power demands on both wind farms are assessed such that the bus voltages remain within an acceptable bandwidth considering various operational limits. The reactive power settings for both types of wind farm installations are determined. In addition, the minimum capacity and reactive power settings for reactive power compensation required for cable‐based installations are determined. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the reactive power characteristics and capability of DFIGs, performance of transmission lines and reactive power analysis for DFIG‐based grid‐connected wind farms. A summary of the main outcomes of the work presented in this paper is provided in the conclusions section. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected variable speed wind energy conversion system

Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.     

直驱风电系统最大功率捕获技术的仿真分析

对直驱风电系统最大功率捕获技术进行了仿真分析.在仿真过程中,通过控制发电机组转速来实现风力机的最佳运行,使功率系数、风力机转速及输出机械功率等参数都能运行在不同风速下的最优值,从而最大限度地捕获风能.当发电机组达到最优运行时,再通过控制整流器使其输出恒定的电压.     

UPFC setting to avoid active power flow loop considering wind power uncertainty

The active power loop flow (APLF) may be caused by impropriate network configuration, impropriate parameter settings, and/or stochastic bus powers. The power flow controllers, e.g., the unified power flow controller (UPFC), may be the reason and the solution to the loop flows. In this paper, the critical existence condition of the APLF is newly integrated into the simultaneous power flow model for the system and UPFC. Compared with the existing method of alternatively solving the simultaneous power flow and sensitivity-based approaching to the critical existing condition, the integrated power flow needs less iterations and calculation time. Besides, with wind power fluctuation, the interval power flow (IPF) is introduced into the integrated power flow, and solved with the affine Krawcyzk iteration to make sure that the range of active power setting of the UPFC not yielding the APLF. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, the IPF has the similar accuracy but less time.