硫化矿微生物冶金及其强化技术的研究进展

近几十年来,硫化矿微生物冶金技术在很多国家和地区得到了应用和发展。综述了用于硫化矿微生物浸出的细菌、浸出机理以及生物浸出强化技术的研究进展。指出了硫化矿微生物冶金今后的发展趋势。     

微生物冶金的新进展

论述了微生物浸出的原理,介绍了用于冶金工业的微生物及用于工业上的生物冶金方法：堆浸法、槽浸法及就地浸出法,并讲述了国外浸出铜、金、铀、锰四种金属采用微生物浸出工艺的生产情况。提出了目前微生物冶金发展中存在的问题及今后微生物冶金发展的方向     

微生物浸出稀有金属矿石

微生物湿法冶金技术已在低品位铜、铀矿石的浸出和难处理金矿的氧化脱砷预处理等方面应用,研究范围正在扩大。本文就微生物浸出矿石的特征以及在稀有金属矿石的微生物浸出方面的研究情况进行了讨论。     

生物浸矿技术研究现状

生物浸出具有环境污染小、成本低等优点,已被广泛应用到冶金领域。总结了硫化矿和非硫化矿生物浸出所涉及的4类微生物,及其工业应用和研究结果,探讨了4类微生物浸矿工艺中存在的问题并提出了解决方法,展望了微生物浸出技术未来的发展方向。     

生物浸出技术在铜工业中的应用

一般所说的生物冶金是指铜、镍、锌等硫化矿的生物提取方法，即在相关微生物存在时，由于微生物的催化氧化作用，应用浸矿微生物存在的酸性溶液使硫化矿物氧化分解浸出金属，溶液中的有价金属离子则通过萃取一电积、或其它湿法冶金方法制备高纯金属。目前生物冶金技术已广泛应用，并在铜的提取上实现了工业应用。本文系统地介绍了国内外生物技术在铜工业中的发展概况，总结了浸矿微生物的种类，探讨了微生物冶金过程中的直接作用和间接作用。指出了生物冶金技术的发展方向。     

浸锰微生物及其浸锰的研究

生物湿法冶金新技术应用于贫锰矿浸出回收锰的研究,具有一定的意义。本文将就浸锰微生物,生物浸出机制及其浸锰试验研究方面的情况进行介绍。     

有色冶金废渣处理处置技术及发展趋势

我国有色冶金废渣年产生量大、综合回收率相对较低、安全处置存在较大环境隐患。首先分类阐述了国内外有色冶金废渣的综合利用技术(湿法浸出、选冶法、火法冶金、微生物浸出和生产建材)、风险防控技术(源头削减与生态恢复、稳定化、固定化)和安全处置技术,随后对上述主要技术的原理、特点、适用范围和优缺点等进行了详细总结分析。最后,对有色冶金废渣综合利用与安全处置技术的发展趋势进行展望。     

浸矿微生物生物膜的形成与调控研究现状

生物冶金体系中,微生物生物膜发挥重要作用。综述了浸出体系中生物膜组成及生物膜形成对矿物浸出的作用,以及生物膜的复杂调控机制,指出从基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学等方面研究生物膜的形成与调控机制,对有效消除浸矿过程中钝化膜的形成、提高细菌浸出速率、提高金属回收率有重要意义。     

我国生物浸出技术获重大突破

我国有色金属矿产资源多为低品位复杂难处理矿,目前采用的传统工艺,资源利用率低,污染严重。生物冶金具有流程短、成本低、环境友好等优势,特别适合处理低品位、复杂、难处理的矿产资源,是矿产资源高效利用的新技术。但由于缺少优良菌种,缺乏微生物定量分析方法,以及难以对工艺参数和微生物种群优化调控,导致硫化矿生物浸出速度慢,浸出率低。     

浸出过程的理论基础及实践

浸出过程的理论基础及实践李洪桂（中南工业大学长沙４１００８３）第六讲浸出过程在有色冶金中的应用１碱性浸出１．１俄没法在有色冶金申应用简况碱浸出主要指用ＮａＯＨ或Ｎａ。ＣＯｓ浸出，在某些情况下的氨浸过程亦属于碱浸。碱浸出为有色冶金中应用较广的浸出方法之...     

Increasing learning rates by increasing student response rates: A summary of research.

Addresses prevention and remediation of learning problems within the context of time required to learn. Research on specific procedures which increase accurate responding rates and learning rates are presented. Several procedures that have been shown to improve learning rates without increasing time allocated for instruction during both teacher-led instruction and independent seat-work are described. These procedures are easy to implement, require few resources, and can be applied across a wide variety of instructional techniques. School psychologists may help prevent and remedy learning rate problems by assisting educators to implement these curricula and by participating in the development and empirical validation of other procedures and techniques that increase rates of accurate student responding. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Patient information issues in the ambulatory surgery setting

1. Patient compliance is a complex behavior that includes compliance with medication administration, lifestyles modifications, and all subsequent health care interventions. 2. Barriers to compliance should be identified and eliminated (if possible) to increase compliance. 3. Using multiple education techniques may be necessary if patient distractors are present.     

Reporting results of latent growth modeling and multilevel modeling analyses: Some recommendations for rehabilitation psychology.

Objective: There has been a general increase in interest and use of modeling techniques that treat data as nested, whether it is people nested within larger units, such as families or treatment centers, or observations nested under people. The popularity can be witnessed by noting the number of new textbooks and articles related to latent growth curve modeling and multilevel modeling. This paper discusses both of these techniques in the context of longitudinal research designs, with the main purposes of highlighting some benefits and issues related to the use of these models and outlining guidelines for reporting results from studies using multilevel modeling or latent growth modeling. Implications: These longitudinal analytic techniques can be greatly beneficial to researchers conducting rehabilitation studies, but there are several issues related to their use and reporting that need to be taken into consideration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Decision Tool for Selecting the Optimal Techniques for Cost and Schedule Reduction in Capital Projects

Projects must meet budget, schedule, safety, and quality goals to be regarded as a success. Many factors come into play, and many decisions are made that influence a project’s outcome. Today, owners are often faced with deciding between an execution strategy that emphasizes either project cost or project schedule. Such a decision may be made not once, but throughout the life of the project. Project teams, when required by the owner to make a cost-schedule trade-off, generate common sense ideas, best practices, and other means of achieving the desired trade-off through brainstorming sessions. This paper offers a tool for systematically identifying the techniques which are most effective in achieving the trade-off goal. Project teams can then use these techniques in a timely fashion to increase the likelihood of project success.     

以科学发展观提升包钢科技创新竞争力

在打造新包钢的实践中,要落实科学的发展观,分析科技创新大环境,为提高包钢核心竞争力,提出了强化科技创新理念,培养创新人才,转变创新体制与机制的发展思路.     

Cerebrovascular applications of magnetic resonance angiography

Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been applied to a variety of different manifestations of cerebrovascular disease to date. Practically, the limitations of these techniques must be taken into account such that the appropriate method is applied to answer a specific clinical question and the acquisition parameters are chosen to maximise the sensitivity and specificity of the study. Based upon these results, it must be decided whether the conventional parenchymal MR and MRA evaluations are sufficient in a particular setting or whether it is necessary to commit the patient to a more traditional, invasive angiographic study for a more thorough investigation. Presently, MR angiographic studies and flow measurement techniques serve to compliment the more traditional spin-echo evaluation of patients with small aneurysms, arterial and venous occlusions, vascular malformations and in some cases of neoplastic vascular invasion. With well-trained technicians and carefully prescribed protocols, this new information and improved diagnostic sensitivity can be used routinely with only a minor increase in patient exam time.     

Assessment of CpTi Surface Properties after Nitrogen Ion Implantation with Various Doses and Energies

Nitrogen ion implantation is one of the surface modification techniques used for increasing corrosion resistance of commercially pure titanium (CpTi). The nitrogen ion implanted CpTi in various doses markedly changes the corrosion resistance. Still the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on the CpTi at different energies needs to be verified. This study uses different methods to assess the CpTi surface properties after nitrogen ion implantation in various doses and energy. Surface hardness of the CpTi increases with an increase of the dose and decreases with an increase of the energy. The precipitation of the TiN increases with an increase of the nitrogen dose, and no formation of the Ti₂N phase clearly appears. Corrosion resistance of the CpTi specimens can be upgraded to some extent after their surfaces are modified, implanting nitrogen ions at 100?keV by increasing dose. The optimum surface properties of the implanted CpTi are analyzed to contribute to materials science technology.     

Creating healthy, high-performance workplaces: Strategies from health and sports psychology.

Consulting psychologists are ideally suited to assist in the creation of healthy and life-enhancing workplaces that can increase employee productivity while promoting behaviors that reduce the risk of lifestyle disease incidence or mitigate the effects of such illnesses when already present. When psychologists integrate strategies from health psychology, these interventions can help reduce medical costs and contribute to worker productivity and morale, because these strategies are proven to decrease the incidence of the five leading lifestyle diseases: coronary heart disease, lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, diabetes, and stroke. Integrating techniques from sports psychology as well results in even more effective healthy workplaces than could be achieved from using either set of techniques in isolation. Recommendations are offered for nutritional counseling, smoking cessation, stress management, and exercise initiation. Five skills from sports psychology mental training are described because they could be incorporated into psychologists' interventions for enhancing employee performance. A case study illustrates the key points. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Numerical simulation of residual stress induced by roll-peening

There are various techniques to improve the components resistance against oscillating loads or fatigue. One of the most efficient techniques is to induce a compressive residual stress layer on the surface of the component. This can be accomplished by different methods such as surface coating, shot-peening, heat treatment, laser peening and roll-peening. The latter is widely used for surface modification of flat and cylindrical industrial components such as crankshaft and etc. The distribution, layer thickness, and the maximum of residual stress induced by roll-peening can be influenced by parameters of rolling such as work piece material, radius of roller curved boundary, roller angular velocity, roller transverse speed, and rolling depth. In this work the effect of these parameters are studied by numerical simulations. The material used in this work is AISI 4340. The roller is a solid disk with a curved boundary. The results indicate that: (i) the surface residual stress increases with the increase of rolling depth up to a specific value thereafter begins to decline; (ii) the effect of roller curvature radius on surface residual stress shows exactly the same trend as the rolling depth does; (iii) for a strain rate hardened material which is the case for the material used in this work, the angular velocity of the roller gives rise to the increase of the surface residual stress and finally, (iv) the increase of the transverse speed of the roller brings about the reduction in the residual surface, as expected.     

Pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass: a review of current practice

Devices and techniques used for pediatric cardiopulmonary bypass are ever changing. There are frequently reports in the literature about new techniques and new devices. Periodic surveys are helpful because they reveal the actual extent to which these techniques and devices are applied to clinical practice. Advances in research are bringing about a better understanding of the intricate aspects of CPB and the effects of CPB on pediatric patients. There appears to be a trend from widely divergent approaches to CPB for pediatric patients to more uniformity in practice. For example, the use of membrane oxygenation and arterial line filtration has become universal, and there is an increase in the use of all types of safety devices. Techniques reported in the medical literature at the beginning of the decade, such as, the use of modified ultrafiltration, the use of centrifugal cell washers to process packed red blood cells before adding them to the prime, and the use of the antifibrinolytic drug, aprotinin, have become part of practice at a large number of pediatric heart centers. Periodic surveys are useful, as they provide a measurement of current practice. They also provide a historical record of the advances in the field.