高能点火放电方式对全烧式沼气发动机性能的影响

在全烧式沼气发动机上，对采用两种不同放电方式的高能点火系统进行了实验研究，结果表明：通过延长放电持续期所实现的高能点火，对改善全烧式沼气发动机必的作用不大，而增大放电初期的放电电压和电流可明显是全烧式沼气发动机的性能。     

活塞式内燃机燃用沼气的研究

简要介绍了沼气的产生、成分、物理化学性能以及活塞式内燃机燃用沼气可能发生的燃烧速度慢、后燃严重、排气温度高与热负荷大等问题，提出了掺烧和快速全烧两大措施；并相应研制出沼气-柴油双燃料发动机和火花点火全沼气发动机发电机组来适应这两种燃烧方式，取得了较好效果。最后提出将沼气提纯、加压，使其性能接近压缩天然气来作为汽车燃料的方案。     

低温回火用自身预热式烧嘴常规/大空燃比燃烧试验研究

针对回火炉用的自身预热式烧嘴进行了常规/大空燃比组合燃烧的试验研究,试验结果表明采用常规/大空燃比组合燃烧烧嘴工作稳定可靠、火焰速度高、火焰温度低,可在工程中使用。     

沼气发动机快速燃烧系统试验研究

从分析沼气燃烧特点出发,提出改善火花点火式沼气发动机性能的快速燃烧方法,并开发出具有风扇形燃烧室的新型快速燃烧系统。该燃烧系统在快速压缩膨胀装置上进行模拟,并在2135沼气发动机上进行实机试验,结果表明：风扇形燃烧室对加快混合气燃烧速度,改善沼气发动机中的燃烧过程有明显的效果;新型燃烧系统对改善火花点火式沼气发动机可靠性与经济性具有明显的效果。     

金属纤维燃烧器内沼气全预混燃烧数值模拟

为了研究沼气中CO_2含量、进气速度大小以及过量空气系数等对于沼气的全预混燃烧情况的影响,本文介绍了沼气全预混金属纤维燃烧器,建立了二维金属纤维燃烧器物理模型及数学模型。在Fluent中将金属纤维看作是多孔介质区,并模拟各工况的燃烧情况,然后对各种影响因素进行分析。结果表明,过量空气系数为1~1.25范围内沼气的预混燃烧CO、NO_x排放都较低;进口流速增大使得高温区扩大,燃烧温度上升,CO和NO_x减小趋势放缓;随着沼气中CO_2含量的增大,燃烧速率变小,火焰稳定性变低,沼气中CO_2含量接近50%时仍是可燃的。     

小型化油器式四冲程汽油机起动性的研究

1 序言为使汽油机获得良好的起动性,必须使火花塞周围的空气和燃油蒸气的质量比(气相空燃比)处在容易着火的恰当范围。但因燃烧室内的气相空燃比随起动发动机每一循环而变化,故采用以往的燃烧室内空燃比计算法(气体采样法)、分离来自进气管至燃烧室前的液体燃料的计量法等,难以连续检测起动时的过渡现象。因此,我们开发出一种利用汽油紫外线吸收特性的局部空燃比计,用以检测发动机在起动过渡期火花塞周围的气相空燃比。并以局部空燃比计的测定结果为基础,设计出起动时火花塞周围混合气形成的计算模型,弄清了周围温度、汽油性质对混合气形成的     

火花点火沼气发动机的快速燃烧研究与产品开发

沼气燃烧速度慢是造成沼气发动机燃烧持续期长，燃烧效率低，后燃严重，排温高，可靠性与经济性差的根本原因。该文利用快压机对沼气发动机的燃烧过程进行了模拟，提出了改善火花点火沼气发动机性能的快速燃烧方法，设计出了包括燃烧室在内的快速燃烧系统，并将其用于6160沼气发动机发电机组的开发，大大提高了沼气在发动机中的燃烧速度，改善了该沼气发动机可靠性与经济性。     

燃烧室内积聚燃料在柴油机冷起动过程中的蒸发方式初探

针对燃烧室内积聚燃料作用机理未明的现状,在分析了积聚燃料蒸发特点的基础上,提出了液滴蒸发模型和液膜蒸发模型;并对一台单缸自然吸气式直喷柴油机在0℃冷起动时的积聚燃料蒸发情况进行了仿真模拟计算。结果表明:对于相同量的燃料,液膜厚度从25μm到20μm导致缸内的燃空比减少了2%,而从25μm到30μm却增加了3%的燃空比,说明油膜较厚时能够较快蒸发;且油膜蒸发是燃烧室内积聚燃料冷起动时蒸发主要方式。为进一步改善柴油机冷起动性能提供了依据。     

汽油机冷起动过程中的HC排放

本文分析了汽油机冷起动过程HC排放较高的原因失火、燃烧不完全、过渡过程中空燃比不合适、气缸壁面对燃油的吸附、润滑油吸附、后燃.通过采取缸内净化和提高催化转化效率两个方面的措施降低冷起动过程HC的排放.     

汽油机冷起动过程中的HC排放

本文分析了汽油机冷起动过程HC排放较高的原因 :失火、燃烧不完全、过渡过程中空燃比不合适、气缸壁面对燃油的吸附、润滑油吸附、后燃。通过采取缸内净化和提高催化转化效率两个方面的措施降低冷起动过程HC的排放     

低热值燃气-柴油双燃料发动机动力性能计算

推导了低热值燃气-柴油双燃料发动机动力性能计算公式,并对由单缸、四冲程、水冷、直喷式柴油机改装的生物制气-柴油双燃料发动机的动力性能进行了计算分析。结果表明：双燃料发动机能够达到原柴油机的动力水平;其动力性能随引燃油量的减小而降低;在新鲜空气充足的前提下,供给更多的燃气,双燃料发动机的动力性能增强;燃气替代率有一最大值,超过该值后,随替代率增大,动力性能急剧下降;燃气低热值越高,替代率便可越大。计算得出的生物制气-柴油双燃料发动机在标定点和最大转矩点的最大生物制气替代率和对应的燃气进气比,与试验结果相吻合。     

Idle performance of a hydrogen rotary engine at different excess air ratios

Rotary engine has flat chamber and longs for fuel with high flame speed and small quenching distance. Hydrogen has many excellent characteristics that are suitable for the rotary engine. In this paper, the performance of a rotary engine fueled with pure hydrogen at different excess air ratios was experimentally investigated. The investigation was carried out on a single-rotor hydrogen-fueled rotary engine equipped with port fuel injection system. An online electronic control module was used to govern the hydrogen injection duration and excess air ratio. In this study, the engine was operating at the idle speed of 3000 rpm and different excess air ratios varied from 0.993 to 1.283. The test results demonstrated that the fuel energy flow rate of the hydrogen rotary engine and engine stability were reduced with the increase of excess air ratio. When the excess air ratio increased from 0.993 to 1.283, the hydrogen energy flow rate was decreased from 14.91 to 11.55 MJ/h. Both the flame development and propagation periods were increased with excess air ratio. CO emission was negligible, but HC, CO₂ and NOx emissions were still detected due to the evaporation and possible burning of the lubrication-used gasoline, and oxidation reaction of nitrogen of the intake air.     

Experimental investigation on biogas enrichment with hydrogen for improving the combustion in diesel engine operating under dual fuel mode

Biogas valorization as fuel for internal combustion engines is one of the alternative fuels, which could be an interesting way to cope the fossil fuel depletion and the current environmental degradation. In this circumstance, an experimental investigation is achieved on a single cylinder DI diesel engine running under dual fuel mode with a focus on the improvement of biogas/diesel fuel combustion by hydrogen enrichment. In the present investigation, the mixture of biogas, containing 70% CH₄ and 30% CO₂, is blended with the desired amount of H₂ (up to 10, 15 and 20% by volume) by using MTI 200 analytical instrument gas chromatograph, which flow thereafter towards the engine intake manifold and mix with the intake air. Depending on engine load conditions, the volumetric composition of the inducted gaseous fraction is 20–50% biogas, 2–10% H₂ and 45–78% air. Near the end of the compression stroke, a small amount of diesel pilot fuel is injected to initiate the combustion of the gas–air mixture. Firstly, the engine was tested on conventional diesel mode (baseline case) and then under dual fuel mode using the biogas. Consequently, hydrogen has partially enriched the biogas. Combustion characteristics, performance parameters and pollutant emissions were investigated in-depth and compared. The results have shown that biogas enriched with 20% H₂ leads to 20% decrease of methane content in the overall exhaust emissions, associated with an improvement in engine performance. The emission levels of unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) are decreased up to 25% and 30% respectively. When the equivalence ratio is increased, a supplement decrease in UHC and CO emissions is achieved up to 28% and 30% respectively when loading the engine at 60%.     

Experimental study of stratified lean burn characteristics on a dual injection gasoline engine

Due to increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission regulation, improving thermal efficiency and reducing particulate matter emissions are two main issues for next generation gasoline engine. Lean burn mode could greatly reduce pumping loss and decrease the fuel consumption of gasoline engines, although the burning rate is decreased by higher diluted intake air. In this study, dual injection stratified combustion mode is used to accelerate the burning rate of lean burn by increasing the fuel concentration near the spark plug. The effects of engine control parameters such as the excess air coefficient (Lambda), direct injection (DI) ratio, spark interval with DI, and DI timing on combustion, fuel consumption, gaseous emissions, and particulate emissions of a dual injection gasoline engine are studied. It is shown that the lean burn limit can be extended to Lambda= 1.8 with a low compression ratio of 10, while the fuel consumption can be obviously improved at Lambda= 1.4. There exists a spark window for dual injection stratified lean burn mode, in which the spark timing has a weak effect on combustion. With optimization of the control parameters, the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreases 9.05% more than that of original stoichiometric combustion with DI as 2 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) at a 2000 r/min engine speed. The NO_x emissions before three-way catalyst (TWC) are 71.31% lower than that of the original engine while the particle number (PN) is 81.45% lower than the original engine. The dual injection stratified lean burn has a wide range of applications which can effectively reduce fuel consumption and particulate emissions. The BSFC reduction rate is higher than 5% and the PN reduction rate is more than 50% with the speed lower than 2400 r/min and the load lower than 5 bar.     

Laminar burning velocity and interchangeability analysis of biogas/C3H8/H2 with normal and oxygen-enriched air

Numerical and experimental measurements of the laminar burning velocities of biogas (66% CH₄ – 34% CO₂) and a biogas/propane/hydrogen mixture (50% biogas – 40% C₃H₈ – 10% H₂) were made with normal and oxygen-enriched air while varying the air/fuel ratio. GRI-Mech 3.0 and C₁–C₃ reaction mechanisms were used to perform numerical simulations. Schlieren images of laminar premixed flames were used to determine laminar burning velocities at 25 °C and 849 mbar. The mixture's laminar burning velocity was found to be higher to that of pure biogas due to the addition of propane and hydrogen. An increase in the laminar burning velocities of both fuels is reported by enriching air with oxygen, a phenomenon that is explained by the increased reactivity of the mixture. Additionally, an analysis of interchangeability based on both the Wobbe Index and the laminar burning velocity between methane and a biogas/propane/hydrogen mixture is presented in order to consider this mixture as a substitute for natural gas. It was found that the variations of these properties between the fuels did not exceed 10%, enabling interchangeability.     

热裂解生物质气发动机燃烧特性试验

利用农林废弃物可控热裂解产生的生物质气作为火花点火发动机的燃料,测最火花点火生物质气发动机的示功图,分析了生物质气的燃烧放热特性.试验结果表明:发动机怠速点火性能较好,小功率时放热速度较慢,大功率时燃烧速度较快,燃烧较充分;火焰发展期随点火提前角的增大而变长,燃烧相位角随点火提前角、负荷的增大而提前,速燃期随负荷的增加、点火提前角的增大逐渐缩短;生物质气中的氢含量加快了生物质气发动机的燃烧速度.     

气体燃料与气体发动机工作性能

气体燃料组分的变化,不但改变气体燃料与空气混合气热值,影响气体发动机输出功率和燃料经济性,而且可能会引起气体发动机爆震、空燃比改变等一系列液体燃料发动机所遭遇不到的问题。本文探讨如何处理这些问题。     

汽油机怠速工况下HC和CO排放机理的实验研究

本文系统地研究了汽油机怠速工况下排气中ＨＣ和ＣＯ生成的基本规律，重点探讨了燃烧过程与ＨＣ、ＣＯ排放的内在关系。燃烧过程所考虑的因素主要有燃烧完善程度（用累积放热百分比表示），燃烧速率和着火时刻。试验发现燃烧速率对排放的影响较小。在空燃比较高（大于１３）的情况下，采用适当的废气再循环可显著降低排气中ＨＣ的生成量，这为改善现代汽油机怠速工况下的排放水平提供了有效的途径。