渣油加氢催化剂的研究和应用

渣油加氢处理技术是近年发展最快的技术领域。渣油加氢处理催化剂是此技术的关键。多种固定床渣油加氢处理催化剂在国外已进行了开发和工业应用。我国也开发了多种固定床渣油加氢处理催化剂，实践表明这种催化剂具有良好的活性和稳定性，产品质量良好，收率高，可为RFCC提供优质的原料。悬浮床渣油加氢处理催化剂也在开发之中，中试试验取得了良好的结果。     

An overview of solid base heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production

The alcoholysis process requires high activity catalysts for biodiesel production. Heterogeneous catalysts have been proven to possess highly active nature and are environment-friendly. The present article emphasizes on various types of solid base catalysts that have been used in the recent past for the production of biodiesel by transesterification of oils. The parameters and conditions affecting the transesterification reaction and biodiesel yield have also been mentioned in the article. Heterogeneous catalysts have the capability to be recycled for many runs in the process without greatly abating the biodiesel yield. Also, such catalysts possess noncorrosive nature, thus making the biodiesel safe to be used in engine without any damage. The exploitation of waste materials as catalysts would reduce the overall production cost of biodiesel. Calcium-based catalysts in the reviewed literature have shown promising outcomes for the future use and would make the process economical for large-scale industrial applications.     

分子催化工程

主要论述了分子催化工程的建立及其3个分支,即:能谱技术与催化体系的表征,催化合成有机化学,催化反应机理研究的现状。并以金属催化剂、金属氧化物催化剂和分子筛催化剂3种典型的多相催化剂给予了分析论证。结合这3种催化剂论述了催化剂的分子模拟和工程控制。     

窄分布醇醚合成用催化剂的筛选与催化作用分析

讨论了酸、碱催化剂对窄分布醇醚合成反应的催化性能。从反应物转化率、醇醚产物选择性和醇醚分子量分布窄度几个方面综合考察了酸、碱类催化剂的优缺点,发现酸性催化剂的催化活性普遍较高,均在９５％以上,产物分子量分布较窄,ｎ＜５的产物占醇醚产物总质量的８５％左右,但生成的非醇醚类产物杂质较多,占反应产物质量的１４％以上;碱性催化剂的催化活性不一,其中活性较高的固体碱类镁铝复合金属氧化物（ＬＤＯ）与酸性催化剂活性相当,达９９．９％,且其产物纯净,非醇醚类产物仅占反应产物质量的１．２％,其醇醚产物分子量分布虽然宽于酸性催化剂,ｎ＜５的醇醚占醇醚产物质量的７７．２％,但明显窄于工业上普遍应用的均相催化剂ＫＯＨ（６６．８％）,是较有发展前景的催化剂。     

Latest developments on application of heterogenous basic catalysts for an efficient and eco friendly synthesis of biodiesel: A review

Heterogeneous catalysts are now being tried extensively for biodiesel synthesis. These catalysts are poised to play an important role and are perspective catalysts in future for biodiesel production at industrial level. The review deals with a comprehensive list of these heterogeneous catalysts which has been reported recently. The mechanisms of these catalysts in the transesterification reaction have been discussed. The conditions for the reaction and optimized parameters along with preparation of the catalyst, and their leaching aspects are discussed. The heterogeneous basic catalyst discussed in the review includes oxides of magnesium and calcium; hydrotalcite/layered double hydroxide; alumina; and zeolites. Yield and conversion of biodiesel obtained from the triglycerides with various heterogeneous catalysts have been studied.     

Catalytic Rearrangement of Epoxide Compounds

Products formed by rearrangement of epoxide compounds provide useful intermediates in organic syntheses and some of them are valuable as raw materials in the chemical industry. Many studies on the catalytic rearrangement of the epoxides have been made. The reactions which have been used most frequently are homogeneous with acid or base catalysts such as BF3, MgBr2, t-BuOK, or lithium dialkylamides; the acid catalysts form mainly carbonyl compounds (ketone and aldehyde) and the base catalysts in most cases yield allylic alcohols. Recently the heterogeneous reaction over solid catalysts was also investigated, but the catalysts used were just alumina and silica gel, solid acid and base catalysts, and it is very recent that various kinds of the solid acids and bases have been used as catalysts for epoxide isomerization, especially by the authors (Section VI-A). Studies with molten salts are few, and investigations with metal complex and organometal catalysts have just begun.     

Vanadium Complexes Based Polymer Supported Catalysts: A Brief Account of Research from Our Group

Solid supported catalysts can go a long way in developing catalyst based technology because of their high efficiency with recyclability and easy separation from the reaction mixture. Immobilizations of homogeneous catalysts through covalent bond with chloromethylated polystyrene cross-linked with divinylbenzene and develop them as environmentally safe heterogeneous catalysts for oxidation reaction have attracted attention in recent years. Recently, effort from our research laboratory was to synthesize new recyclable polymer-supported vanadium complexes based heterogeneous catalysts. Thus, chloromethylated polystyrene cross linked with 5% divinylbenzene was used as support to prepare variety of polymer supported vanadium catalysts. These catalysts have successfully been used for the oxidation and oxidative bromination of various organic substrates. Keeping in mind the industrial usage of these heterogeneous catalysts, the leaching and recycle ability of all polymer-supported catalysts have also been tested. Most catalysts are stable and do not leach during the catalytic reactions.     

Catalytic Rearrangement of Epoxide Compounds

Products formed by rearrangement of epoxide compounds provide useful intermediates in organic syntheses and some of them are valuable as raw materials in the chemical industry. Many studies on the catalytic rearrangement of the epoxides have been made. The reactions which have been used most frequently are homogeneous with acid or base catalysts such as BF3, MgBr2, t-BuOK, or lithium dialkylamides; the acid catalysts form mainly carbonyl compounds (ketone and aldehyde) and the base catalysts in most cases yield allylic alcohols. Recently the heterogeneous reaction over solid catalysts was also investigated, but the catalysts used were just alumina and silica gel, solid acid and base catalysts, and it is very recent that various kinds of the solid acids and bases have been used as catalysts for epoxide isomerization, especially by the authors (Section VI-A). Studies with molten salts are few, and investigations with metal complex and organometal catalysts have just begun.     

聚丙烯生产技术进展

综述了聚丙烯催化剂和生产工艺的研究进展情况，特别对茂金属聚丙烯催化剂和液相本体、气相本体聚合技术进行了详细的介绍。     

聚丙烯生产技术进展

综述了聚丙烯催化剂和生产工艺的研究进展情况,特别对茂金属聚丙烯催化剂和液相本体、气相本体聚合技术进行了详细的介绍。     

羰基化合物直接还原胺化合成伯胺催化剂研究进展

胺类化合物是一类重要的化工原料和中间体，在农药、医药、染料、高分子聚合物等领域有着广泛的应用。通过羰基化合物（醛或酮类）的还原胺化来制备胺类化合物是当前的研究热点。研究表明，贵金属基和非贵金属基的多相和均相催化剂均能够高效催化醛或酮类的还原胺化反应。本文对近年来羰基化合物直接还原胺化（或一锅法）合成伯胺的研究现状进行了综述，包括还原胺化反应、催化剂、反应条件、底物适用范围和催化作用机制等，其中重点阐述了直接还原胺化催化剂的研究进展。文章指出：通常多相催化剂具有活性高以及可重复使用等优点，而均相催化剂的优势在于催化效率高，伯胺选择性高；另一方面，以Pd、Rh、Ru等为代表的贵金属催化剂催化性能优异，但价格昂贵，因此可采用Co、Ni等性能同样优异但价格相对低廉的非贵金属催化剂以降低成本。文中提出，催化效率高、反应条件温和、普适性高的羰基化合物还原胺化催化剂应成为未来重点研究方向。     

Development of Co-Cu-C-Mn Catalysts for the Synthesis of Higher Alcohols

Co-Cu catalysts represent a promising possibility to synthesize higher alcohols. In this study, novel carbon-embedded Co-Cu catalysts have been prepared and were tested in an 8-fold parallel reactor system. Moreover, the influence of Mn as a dopant on the catalytic performance has been studied. It was shown that Mn reduced the selectivity for methane and favored the formation of olefins. In contrast to Cu-free catalysts, Cu-containing catalysts have an improved selectivity for alcohols.     

非铂燃料电池电催化剂研究进展

商业铂碳催化剂价格高昂,开发非铂材料是推进燃料电池商业化的关键一步。本文首先介绍了燃料电池氧还原反应电催化剂的研究背景,接着分别介绍了非贵金属、非金属以及复合材料的催化剂,并对各类催化剂的活性位点和催化机理进行了简要的评述。其中,过渡金属的氮碳化物成本低廉,具有较高的催化活性以及优异的稳定性,是最有望替代贵金属Pt的一类催化剂。杂原子的掺杂能够改变碳材料的表面电荷分布,提升碳材料的催化活性。将过渡金属的氮碳化物和特殊结构的碳材料有效结合,可以设计出具有双功能的复合材料。最后,针对非铂催化剂存在的问题进行了分析并提出了今后工作的几个方向,为今后非铂电催化剂的研究提供参考。高活性高稳定性的非铂催化剂是未来该领域的重点研究方向。     

固体超强酸催化剂改性研究进展

负载型固体超强酸是近年来发展的一种新型催化材料 ,对许多化学反应有较好的催化活性、选择性及重复使用性能 ,并可催化许多均相反应难以进行的各种化学反应。综述了国内外此类催化剂改性研究的最新进展 ,包括载体、促进剂、制备条件、酸中心结构的研究、利用纳米技术制备固体超强酸催化剂。讨论了固体超强酸催化剂理论及催化剂现代表征方法 ,催化剂酸中心形成、失活机理 ,固体超强酸催化剂的应用。最后指出了今后固体超强酸催化剂的发展方向     

纳米材料在纤维素催化转化中的应用

为了减少当今世界对化石燃料资源的依赖,制备新型的催化剂进行纤维素高效降解具有重要意义。纳米材料具有独特的晶体结构及表面特性,其催化活性和选择性远远高于传统催化剂,目前已经被国内外作为第四代催化剂进行研究和开发。纳米粒子、纳米金属氧化物、负载型纳米催化剂以及磁性纳米固体酸催化剂等在纤维素催化转化方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

The Catalytic Total Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), which have serious health problems associated with their emission into the atmosphere. Catalytic oxidation is an effective abatement process to control PAH emissions, and the types of catalysts investigated have been reviewed. The majority of studies have used naphthalene as a model PAH, and in particular, catalysts containing palladium and platinum have demonstrated high activity for total oxidation. Catalysts based on the precious metals include those supported on high surface area supports, which have also been modified by adding further components, and metal exchanged zeolites. Metal oxide catalysts have also been employed and the most active for total oxidation are ceria-based. Studies of PAH total oxidation have largely been reported only in the last 10 years, and there still remains wide scope to develop improved catalysts and understand their catalytic mechanisms.     

气相法PE催化剂技术进展及研究设想

就国内外气相法ＰＥ催化剂的研究和技术进展进行综述，并对各种ＰＥ催化剂的制备和性能加以简要介绍，对齐鲁石油化工公司ＰＥ中试装置今后的研究工作提出的设想。     

Investigation of methods for improving the activity of catalysts for producing nanostructured carbon materials

The methods for intensifying the process for the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials by means of a physicomechanical effect on catalysts have been studied. The influence of an alternating electromagnetic field and ultrasound on the activity of catalysts has been investigated. A technology for producing activated nickel-magnesium catalysts, permitting an increase of the yield of nanostructured materials by 1.5 times, has been developed.     

Partial oxidation of methane to methanol-comparison of heterogeneous catalyst and homogeneous gas phase reactions

Potential catalysts for the partial oxidation of methane to methanol have been synthesised and tested in high pressure annular reactors. Uranium oxide and molybdenum oxide catalysts and iron sodalite catalyst have been tested under the conditions reported in the patents and under conditions which allow comparison with reactions carried out in the gas phase. None of the catalysts tested showed an improvement on the gas phase results. It was found that the oxidative nature of the metal oxide catalysts is an inherent feature which reduces the selectivity to methanol.     

Development of novel Lewis acid catalysts for selective organic reactions in aqueous media

New types of Lewis acids as water-compatible catalysts have been developed. Various metal salts were found to work as Lewis acid catalysts in aqueous media, and catalytic asymmetric aldol reactions in such media have been attained. Furthermore, Lewis acid-surfactant combined catalysts, which can be used for reactions in water without using any organic cosolvents, have been also developed. These investigations will contribute to reducing the use of harmful organic solvents and to develop efficient catalytic systems which cannot be realized in conventional organic solvents.