模糊数学评价法优化素肉饼工艺及其品质研究

通过模糊数学评价法优化素肉饼工艺,以色泽、口感、组织、气味为评价指标,确定权重,建立感官评分体系,制作出大众喜欢、健康营养的素肉饼.研究大豆分离蛋白添加量和喂水速度对素肉饼品质的影响,测定了质构、色差、热特性及二级结构的变化.结果表明:以豌豆蛋白和谷朊粉总质量(质量比1∶1)为基准,当喂水速度14 kg/h、大豆分离蛋...     

原辅料对动植物双蛋白肠物理特性及感官品质的影响

研究原辅料对动植物双蛋白肠物理特性及感官品质的影响,以确定配料种类及用量。文章考察了大豆拉丝蛋白质量分数、猪肉质量分数、大豆分离蛋白和花生蛋白粉比例、猪肉肥瘦比例、卡拉胶质量分数、乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯质量分数对动植物双蛋白肠含水量、持水性、蒸煮得率、感官评分的影响。结果表明,当拉丝蛋白质量分数超过78%时,持水性和感官品质随之下降;猪肉质量分数在24%时持水性和蒸煮得率最低;花生蛋白粉用量逐渐增加,物理特性均减弱;猪肉肥瘦比例在4:1、3:2、2:3时感官评分最佳;卡拉胶未显著提升产品的物理特性及感官特性;乙酰化双淀粉己二酸酯质量分数超过10%,口感评分下降。研究结果为开发动植物双蛋白食品奠定了基础。     

大豆拉丝蛋白素火腿的研究

大豆拉丝蛋白具有丰富的营养价值和类似于肉类的口感,是一种高蛋白、低脂肪食品。采用大豆拉丝蛋白和谷朊粉为主要原料,添加淀粉、植物油、调味料等辅料,通过单因素实验和正交实验对大豆拉丝蛋白素火腿配方进行研究,确定了其配方。即大豆拉丝蛋白31%,谷朊粉12%,马铃薯淀粉10%,大豆色拉油5.0%,卡拉胶0.35%,肉蔻0.5%,食盐、味素、糖、香辛料4.15%,葱、姜3%,香油2%,素食肉味香精3%,水29%。     

大豆素丸和三种肉丸的营养成分与质构特性比较

比较以大豆拉丝蛋白为主要原料、经棕榈油炸制的大豆拉丝蛋白素丸子,与自制猪肉丸子、市售鱼肉和牛肉丸子的营养成分与质构特性,探讨其应用价值。采用国标法检测丸子的营养成分,质构仪检测四种丸子的质地。蛋白质含量从高到低依次为拉丝蛋白丸子39.06 mg N/g、猪肉丸子30.11 mg N/g、牛肉丸子19.91 mg N/g、鱼肉丸子12.79 mg N/g。胆固醇含量从高到低依次为牛肉丸子28.71 mg/100 g、猪肉丸子25.27 mg/100 g、鱼肉丸子14.83 mg/100 g、拉丝蛋白素丸子1.21 mg/100 g。猪肉丸子的脂肪含量显著高于其他三种丸子(p0.05)。大豆拉丝蛋白素丸子的总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸含量最高,分别为15.44±0.59、5.33±0.20、8.89±0.34(g/100g)。四种丸子的不饱和脂肪酸比例很高,占各自总脂肪含量的59%到73%。大豆拉丝蛋白素丸子的弹性、回复性最好,分别为96.84%±1.43%、52.77%±0.56%。研究表明大豆拉丝蛋白素丸子的蛋白质含量高、胆固醇低、氨基酸含量高、有丰富的不饱和脂肪酸、营养价值高、口感佳,可以作为传统肉丸的替代品。     

大豆蛋白在面条中的应用研究

研究了添加大豆蛋白粉、改性大豆蛋白粉(面条专用)、大豆浓缩蛋白、大豆分离蛋白对面条品质的影响。结果表明,普通的大豆蛋白对面条品质有不良影响,但添加改性后的大豆蛋白粉,在6％的用量以内,对面团品质没有不良影响。      

大豆分离蛋白添加方式对素食汉堡肉饼品质的影响

为探讨干法、水化法和乳化法添加大豆分离蛋白方式对素食汉堡肉饼品质的影响,比较了三种不同添加方式下,产品的质构、感官、解冻得率、烤制得率、保水性和保油性的差异性。结果表明,三种添加方法的产品感官评分大小依次为:乳化法>水化法>干法;乳化法添加方式可以有效改善产品风味和口感,增加弹性和咀嚼性,提高解冻得率、烤制得率、保水性和保油性。      

大豆分离蛋白在蛋糕中的应用研究

对影响蛋糕品质的几个主要因素进行了研究,并通过正交试验对影响产品品质的因素进行分析.得出结论:大豆分离蛋白替代鸡蛋的比例为20.0%,大豆分离蛋白和鸡蛋总量与面粉的比值为1.75,大豆分离蛋白的质量分数为15%,黄原胶添加量为1.5 g/L时,蛋糕的品质最佳.     

不同干燥方式对小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干品质的影响

为使即食小麦拉丝蛋白食品具有牛肉干的风味和口感,研究了真空油炸(VF)、常压油炸(AF)、高温烘烤(HB)和微波加热(MH)干燥方式对含水量在(20±2)%小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干品质的影响。考察4种干燥方式对小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干品质的影响。测定小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干色泽、组织化度、质构特性(TPA)、水分分布及感官评定的变化。结果表明:相比其他3种干燥方式,真空油炸制备小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干具有明亮的淡棕色,产品组织化度达到1.85±0.05,咀嚼度最高达到(6 766.87±174.73)g·s,总体接受度达到8.53±0.34,水分分布较为均匀并呈现明显的梯度分布。利用真空油炸制备小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干最为接近传统牛肉干。     

大豆分离蛋白对面条品质的影响研究

通过在面粉中添加不同比例的大豆分离蛋白，分析其对面粉蛋白质品质、面团流变学特性、面条色泽及蒸煮品质、感官品质的影响。结果表明：在面粉中加入7％-9％的大豆分离蛋白质，可显著提高面粉的蛋白质含量，湿面筋的含量，改善面团的流变学特性，制作的面条韧性和口感较好；无明显豆腥味，既增加了挂面的营养价值，又提高了挂面的加工工艺特性。     

添加不同脂质对豆腐凝胶品质的影响

添加不同种类和含量的脂质于大豆分离蛋白浆液中,并对其制作的豆腐的品质进行分析。试验结果发现：添加了脂质的豆腐口感较为滑润,网络结构较为紧密。脂质对蛋白凝胶的作用主要在于改善口感,提高咀嚼性,增加制品凝胶破断应力、弹性及保水性。而不同种类的脂质对凝胶品质的具体影响又有很大差别。     

菊粉、大豆拉丝蛋白及茶叶提取物在发酵香肠中的应用

以菊粉部分代替肥肉,以大豆拉丝蛋白部分代替瘦肉,在肉馅中添加茶叶提取物,通过质构仪结合感官评定,对产品主料配方进行研究,确定产品的主料配方为:猪瘦肉56%、猪肥肉10%、菊粉10%、大豆拉丝蛋白9%、茶叶提取物15%。用少量的菊粉及大豆拉丝蛋白分别部分替代肥肉及瘦肉,添加少量茶叶提取物生产发酵香肠可行,在此条件下,产品色泽均匀,茶香味与发酵芳香风味协调,口感润滑,质地紧密。     

鸡皮蛋白凝胶提升鸡蛋干品质配方优化研究

在鸡蛋干加工中通过添加蛋白凝胶提升产品质构、口感等品质特性。研究鸡皮糜、大豆分离蛋白制作蛋白凝胶后与蛋液混合,通过斩拌、乳化、蒸煮、烘烤等工艺制作鸡蛋干,以产品硬度和弹性作为单因素评价指标,确定鸡皮糜、大豆分离蛋白、水以及鸡蛋液的适宜添加范围。然后利用混料最优设计D-optimal优化复配比例,采用质构仪测定鸡蛋干硬度、弹性,以其综合评分Y作为响应值评价鸡蛋干。结果表明:单因素试验鸡皮糜、大豆分离蛋白、水与鸡蛋液适宜添加范围分别为5%~10%、5%~10%、20%~30%和50%~70%。通过拟合模型优化,复配比例为鸡皮糜5%、大豆分离蛋白5.357%、水24.459%和鸡蛋液65.184%,此条件下制得的鸡蛋干硬度为744.962 g,弹性为0.998,综合评分Y为0.989,具有最佳的质构特性。     

坛紫菜与大豆蛋白共混凝胶的质地研究

研究了利用坛紫菜与大豆蛋白所制备的共混凝胶的质地。结果表明,当配方中坛紫菜含量从17%增加20%时,共混凝胶的硬度、咀嚼性和最大剪切硬度值均显著(p<0.05)提高,而弹性显著(p<0.05)降低。当配方中含有20%的坛紫菜和34%的大豆分离蛋白时,所制备的共混凝胶在硬度、咀嚼性和最大剪切硬度值方面最优;利用该配方制备的共混凝胶在硬度和弹性上低于某市售火腿肠,但是咀嚼性更高;在该配方中应用0.26%的纤维素酶可显著(p<0.05)提高共混凝胶的硬度、弹性、咀嚼性和最大剪切硬度值,使其在硬度和弹性上和该市售火腿肠相当,且咀嚼性更高。研究结果为利用坛紫菜开发凝胶食品提供了技术和理论支持。     

大豆分离蛋白的凝胶稳定性的研究进展

大豆分离蛋白因其蛋白质含量高,具有凝胶性等多种功能特性,在食品工业中得到广泛应用。但大豆分离蛋白在贮藏过程中,其凝胶的稳定性往往下降,严重地影响了产品的质量。国内外研究发现,在贮藏过程中蛋白组成成分、蛋白浓度、温度、pH 值和离子强度等的变化对凝胶形成具有一定影响,通过各种改性方法可以提高大豆蛋白的凝胶稳定性。     

Texture and Chemical Characteristics of Soy Protein Meat Analog Extruded at High Moisture

The relationships among extruder responses, texture, and protein solubility of soy protein meat analogs were studied. Soy protein isolate and wheat starch at 9:1 ratio were extruded at 60%, 65%, and 70% moisture contents and 137.8, 148.9, and 160°C cooking temperatures. The results showed that moisture content was a more important factor on the overall product texture than cooking temperature. Lower moisture content resulted in higher die pressure, harder texture, and lower total protein solubility. At a fixed moisture content, a higher cooking temperature resulted in a softer and less chewy product but only slightly changed the protein solubility. According to partial least square regression, the data from Texture Profile Analysis, protein solubility, and extruder responses correlated well and could be used to predict each other.     

Physicochemical, textural, sensory characteristics and storage stability of goat meat patties extended with full-fat soy paste and soy granules

The performance of full‐fat soy paste (FFSP) with reduced beany flavour made by simple processing technology was compared with the commercially available textured soy granules in goat meat patties. Addition of soy proteins (soy paste and soy granules) did not significantly affect the emulsion stability and product yield. Shrinkage of patties with soy paste was comparable with control. A significant (P < 0.05) reduction in redness and increase in yellowness of patties was due to addition of soy proteins than in control. Patties with soy paste had comparable but slightly higher total lipid and cholesterol content with that of control but significantly (P < 0.05) higher than patties with soy granules. Lower force was required to compress or shear the sample, as hardness decreased in soy‐added patties. Flavour and overall acceptability scores between control and patties with soy paste did not differ significantly, whereas patties with soy granules were rated significantly lower. The patties remained stable with minor changes in physicochemical, microbiological and sensory quality during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 20 days. It is concluded from this study that FFSP had potential application similar to commercially available textured soy granules in comminuted meat products.     

Concentration of soy protein isolate affects starch-based confections' texture, sensory, and storage properties

The effects of increasing soy protein isolate concentration on the physico-chemical properties of starch-based grape confectionery gels were investigated using thermal, textural, and sensory analyses. Soy protein isolate decreased hardness, cohesiveness, and gumminess, demonstrating potential as a texture modifier. Increasing soy protein concentration progressively decreased the elastic properties of the starch network demonstrated by a lower G'-G" crossover frequency. High levels of soy protein also created a more homogeneous water population, one which was lost at lower temperatures compared to standard confections. An improvement in taste and texture acceptability of the confections upon addition of soy protein isolate was found by sensory analysis. Finally, physico-chemical properties were compared up to 20 d of storage at ambient temperature. Soy-containing confections demonstrated lower gumminess and cohesiveness during the entire storage period but a significant increase in hardness after 20 d of storage. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Soy protein isolate imparted soft texture to starch-based confections on a concentration-dependent basis. Increasing soy protein isolate concentration decreased elastic properties of the starch network in starch confections and significantly improved flavor and texture. Gumminess and cohesiveness of soy protein isolate confection was lower during 20 d of storage.     

Influences of Gums, Soy Protein Isolate, and Heating Temperatures on Reduced-Fat Meat Batters in a Model System

Effects of incorporation of iota-carrageenan, sodium alginate (AL), and soy protein isolate (SPI) in comparison with control (CONT) on the textural and physicochemical properties of reduced-fat (15%) meat emulsions heated to various internal temperatures were investigated. Lower percent fat and water losses for treatments containing gums or soy protein isolate than those of CONT indicated that addition of gums and soy protein isolate could improve emulsion stability. AL had the greatest water-holding capacity at the higher endpoint temperatures (76.7 °C and 82.2 °C), which was possibly due to the formation of a heat-stable alginate gel. The SPI had the highest concentration of salt-soluble protein in either raw or cooked meat batter.     

燕麦β-葡聚糖对大豆分离蛋白酸致凝胶物理性质影响的研究

采用乳酸菌发酵法对大豆分离蛋白/燕麦β-葡聚糖混合体系酸致凝胶的物理性质进行研究,将不同分子量燕麦β-葡聚糖添加到大豆分离蛋白中,探讨燕麦β-葡聚糖浓度和分子量对SPI凝胶的脱水收缩作用、质构特性和持水性的影响。结果表明:保加利亚乳杆菌发酵产酸速率较快,并且对混合凝胶性质的影响优于嗜热链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌,为最佳发酵菌种。较高浓度或高分子量燕麦β-葡聚糖能降低SPI凝胶的脱水收缩作用,即减少乳清的析出;随着燕麦β-葡聚糖浓度的增加,SPI凝胶硬度和持水性呈下降趋势,而弹性和内聚性先增加后降低;高分子量的燕麦β-葡聚糖能够改善SPI凝胶的质构特性,并且增加凝胶的持水性。      

真空搅拌对添加不同植物蛋白香肠品质特性的影响

研究真空搅拌对添加不同植物蛋白香肠品质特性的影响。分别制备添加大豆分离蛋白和小麦蛋白的香肠（添加量均为4%、5%、6%）,经2 种搅拌工艺（常压搅拌（S0）和真空搅拌（S1））搅拌10 min,分别从盐溶蛋白溶出率、香肠出品率、水分含量、色度和质构特性等方面分析真空搅拌对植物蛋白香肠品质特性的影响。结果表明：大豆分离蛋白和小麦蛋白在香肠中的最佳添加量均为5%;经过真空搅拌处理后,各组香肠肉馅盐溶性蛋白的溶出量、香肠的出品率、水分含量、红度值、黄度值、硬度及咀嚼度均显著提高（P＜0.05）;真空处理对香肠的质地、多汁性和总体可接受度也具有显著影响（P＜0.05）,但对香肠的pH值和风味无显著影响（P＞0.05）;结合各组香肠的品质特性指标及感官评分,真空搅拌处理对添加大豆分离蛋白和小麦蛋白2 种植物蛋白香肠的品质较常压搅拌有显著改善作用,且对添加大豆分离蛋白香肠的影响更大。