天然染料姜黄对涤纶织物染色的研究

选择五种不同的染色方法研究了姜黄染料对涤纶织物的可染性。通过正交试验 ,确定了提取姜黄色素及其染色的最佳工艺。结果表明 ,姜黄在该工艺条件下染涤纶 ,可以获得较高的染色深度及优良的水洗牢度和摩擦牢度。作为分散染料的一种替代品 ,姜黄染料具有较好的应用前景     

天然染料姜黄染色牛奶丝针织物及抗菌性能研究

采用天然染料姜黄色素直接对牛奶丝针织物染色,讨论了姜黄色素质量浓度、染色pH值、染色温度和染色时间对染色织物的表观色深的影响,并测试了姜黄色素在牛奶丝上的各项染色牢度及抗菌性能。试验结果表明:在pH3和80℃染色条件下,牛奶丝的得色量最大,延长保温时间对提高表观色深帮助不大。姜黄染色牛奶丝的耐摩擦牢度较好,耐洗牢度和日晒牢度中等。采用紫外吸收剂后处理,可以提高姜黄色素在牛奶丝上的耐光牢度约半级。经姜黄色素染色的牛奶丝对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌具有很好的抑菌效果,但抗菌性能耐水洗和耐日晒性差。     

羊毛织物的天然植物染料姜黄染色研究

分析了影响姜黄染料萃取工艺的因素，试验确定，20g／L烧碱处理可获得较好的萃取效果。将萃取的姜黄染料对羊毛织物分别进行直接染色、预媒染染色和后媒染染色，以△E为依据，确定了染色工艺的最优化处方及条件，并测试了三种染色织物的色牢度和抗菌性。     

姜黄色素超声波提取及其在染色真丝中的应用

单因素分析了超声波提取姜黄色素的提取效果,探讨了姜黄色素染色真丝的工艺条件。试验结果表明,在75%乙醇作为提取剂,浴比1∶30,超声波功率360W,时间60min条件下,姜黄色素提取效果最佳;该色素对真丝织物有较好的染色性能。     

青黛与姜黄对柞蚕丝织物的套染

为扩展天然染料染色的色谱范围,弥补天然染料染色缺乏绿色的问题,选用2种植物染料青黛与姜黄对柞蚕丝织物进行套染拼色研究。研究了染料浓度、pH值、温度和时间对柞蚕丝织物套染K/S值和颜色特征值的影响,探讨了套染柞蚕丝织物的机制,以及染色织物的抗菌性、均匀性和色牢度。结果表明:姜黄可在青黛染色的柞蚕丝织物上套染到绿色,且姜黄染液相对用量对染色深度的影响最大;经正交试验得到套染绿色的优化工艺为:姜黄染液相对用量30%,染色pH=4,染色温度80℃,染色时间60 min;经优化工艺套染柞蚕丝织物的摩擦色牢度和水洗色牢度均大于3级;对金黄色葡萄菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌率分别达92.56%和80.41%。     

水溶性姜黄色素对真丝染色工艺的研究

为了探讨水溶性姜黄色素用于真丝染色的可能性,考察了染色温度、pH值、时间、色素用星对水溶性姜黄色素上染真丝的影晌,试验结果表明,水溶性姜黄色素可用于真丝染色,较佳的工艺条件为pH=3、80℃、5～60 min、色素用量8%(owf),色素对真丝具有较好的提升性,媒染处理后染色织物的色光有一定变化,皂洗牢度有所提高,但摩擦牢度并未得到提高.     

改性棉织物的天然姜黄素染色性能

针对棉织物姜黄染料直接染色表面色深度(K/S值)低、染色牢度差的问题,利用壳聚糖与2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵制备壳聚糖季铵盐阳离子改性剂,并对棉织物进行改性和染色.通过单因素和正交试验,确定改性后棉织物姜黄染料染色优化工艺为:在浴比为1:40条件下,姜黄染料用量为7.5％(omf)、染色温度为50℃、染色时间为30 min.经改性后的棉色织物皂洗牢度、摩擦牢度较未改性棉织物普遍提高了0.5～1.0级,达到了Oeko-Tex标准100要求.     

大豆蛋白纤维的姜黄色素染色

采用氢氧化钠从姜黄中提取姜黄色素,讨论提取温度、时间、姜黄浓度及碱剂用量对提取效果的影响;将提取的姜黄天然染料对大豆纤维进行染色,讨论染色方法、染色温度、时间及盐用量对染色效果的影响,并优化了染色工艺。优化的姜黄色素提取工艺为:姜黄80 g/L,NaOH 30 g/L,90℃提取75 m in;优化的大豆纤维姜黄色素染色工艺为:采用同浴媒染法,染液选择未稀释姜黄提取原液,Zn2+媒染剂0.08 mol/L,媒染温度100℃,染色时间60 m in。大豆蛋白织物染色后,干摩擦牢度良好,湿摩擦牢度稍差,具有一定的抗菌性能。     

姜黄染色织物的pH值敏感变色性能

为开发pH值敏感变色织物,研究了pH值对姜黄染色织物颜色变化的影响,利用高效液相色谱法对姜黄提取物主要成分进行分析,测试了不同pH 值条件下姜黄提取液的吸收光谱、姜黄染色织物的上染率、K/S值和染色牢度,利用颜色特征值对姜黄染色织物在不同pH值下的变色情况进行表征。结果表明：植物染料姜黄的主要成分为姜黄素,姜黄素分子在碱性条件下会电离成阴离子,引起颜色变化;随溶液ｐＨ 值的增加,姜黄提取液的吸收峰会产生红移,且吸收强度增加,提取液在酸性条件时呈黄色,当提取液pH 值大于8 时,溶液呈红棕色;姜黄对丝织物的染色性能好于棉织物。在pH值由中性向碱性转变时,姜黄染色织物会产生显著的变色,染色织物色相值变小,颜色由黄色域向红色域转变。     

姜黄植物染料在棉麻毛织物上的工艺研究

文章选择姜黄(黄色系植物染料)作为实验材料进行染色分析,通过单因素实验比较姜黄染料在不同染液质量浓度、染色温度、染色时间、酸碱度及浴比条件下对棉、麻、毛织物染色效果的影响,以期为姜黄色素在家纺产品上的应用提供借鉴和参考.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the