Measurement of active power by time domain digital signal processing

This paper compares DSP time domain algorithms of one-phase active power measurement by non-coherent sampling that are superior to some frequency domain algorithms in active power estimation of non-sinusoidal signals. The measurement bias, uncertainty and sampling time necessary for the required accuracy are compared for various data windows with the use of simulations and measurements. Both monofrequency and multifrequency signals are dealt with. Analytical formulas are presented for the active power bias for rectangular and general cosine windows and for standard uncertainty of active power measurement. A simple method is described for correction of the multiplexing delay in power measurement using multiplexing DAQ boards. The information from this paper can also be used for measuring energy consumption and three-phase power.     

基于 PPP 和共视技术的改进 PPP 时间频率传递方法

PPP 时间频率传递技术是高精度 GNSS 时间频率传递技术之一,且具有精度高、范围广、低成本等特点,而共视时间频 率传递的站间差分能够消除卫星钟差和削弱电离层、对流层等路径误差,本研究结合两种方法的优点实现了一种改进 PPP 时 间传递方法。 实验选取了 5 个连接 UTC(k)和 1 个外接高精度氢原子钟的 IGS 测站,建立了零基线、短基线和长基线链路评估 该方法的时频传递性能,实验结果表明,以 IGS 最终钟差产品为时间参考,改进 PPP 时间传递精度相比 PPP 提高了 2. 55% ~ 17. 78% 。 零基线链路频率稳定度达到 2. 0×10 -17 / 600 000 s,且不切换共视星时,其短期频率稳定度优于 PPP,长期频率稳定度 与 PPP 相当;非零基线链路中各链路的改进 PPP 在时间间隔 10 000 s 以后的频率稳定度相对于 IGS 最终产品和 BIPM PPP 有 10% 左右的提升。     

基于改进的卫星共视法的远程时间比对研究

为了解决标准卫星共视法中存在的两个局限性:一是其完整的观测周期为16 min,只有13 min有观测数据,存在3 min观测间隙;二是数据事后交换处理模式,导致比对结果生成严重滞后,不满足实时性的要求。本文提出了一种改进的卫星共视法,改进的卫星共视法不使用国际权度局规定的共视跟踪表,而是采用时间频率连续比对的方法,以10 min(或其整数倍)作为一个观测周期,并同时对观测数据进行处理,当一个周期结束时,立即进入下一个观测周期,去除了标准卫星共视法中每个观测周期内的观测死区时间,增加了观测数据量,实现了时间频率的连续比对。最后,文中利用改进的卫星共视法研制了一套高精度远程时间频率校准系统,并与标准卫星共视法比对结果进行了对比分析,得出零基线情况下,改进的卫星共视法授时精度达到0.295 ns,与相同条件下标准卫星共视法比对结果 0.554 ns相比有了提高。另外,在长基线条件下,改进卫星共视法的授时精度达到3.12 ns,频率稳定度天稳达到8.24 e-14。     

Manipulation of microcantilever oscillations

Experimental observation of self-sustaining oscillations via a delayed feedback system is presented for a rectangular silicon microcantilever. The system is modeled as one and two-dimensional damped oscillator and the resulting delay differential equations are studied in frequency and time domain. The shortcomings of each model are outlined, and an improved formulation of the dynamics of the cantilever is presented.     

Robustness analysis under second-order plant and delay uncertainties for symmetrically coupled systems with time delay

This paper aims at presenting robustness analysis under the uncertainties of the time delay and plant parameters in symmetrically coupled dynamic systems connected through network having time delay. The delay-involved closed loop characteristic function is mathematically formulated, incorporated with active synchronization control. And the robust stability of the corresponding system is analyzed by investigating the formation of characteristic equation containing secondorder terms of uncertainty variables representing delay and plant dynamics mismatches. For the two individual types of uncertainties, we elucidate details of how to compute the bounds and what they imply physically. To support the validity of the mathematical claims, numerical examples and simulations are presented.     

Measurement uncertainty of adaptive Chirp-z transform

In this paper analysis of measurement uncertainty of Adaptive Chirp-z transform (ACT) algorithm for power frequency measurement is presented. ACT is a new algorithm developed for real time monitoring of power frequency. Every element (hardware and software) of measurement chain is contributing to the total measurement uncertainty. The analysis of passive voltage dividers, analog-to-digital converters, numeric algorithms and processors (word length and type of arithmetic) are also presented. Estimated values of each contributing part of measurement chain are calculated to the final expression of measurement uncertainty.     

Computation of stabilizing PI and PID controllers for processes with time delay

In this paper, a new method for the computation of all stabilizing PI controllers for processes with time delay is given. The proposed method is based on plotting the stability boundary locus in the (kp, ki) plane and then computing the stabilizing values of the parameters of a PI controller for a given time delay system. The technique presented does not need to use Pade approximation and does not require sweeping over the parameters and also does not use linear programming to solve a set of inequalities. Thus it offers several important advantages over existing results obtained in this direction. Beyond stabilization, the method is used to compute stabilizing PI controllers which achieve user specified gain and phase margins. The proposed method is also used to design PID controllers for control systems with time delay. The limiting values of a PID controller which stabilize a given system with time delay are obtained in the (kp, ki) plane, (kp, kd) plane, and (ki, kd) plane. Examples are given to show the benefits of the method presented.     

气体管道泄漏模态声发射时频定位方法

针对声发射信号频散特性导致基于时延估计的气体管道泄漏定位误差大的问题,提出一种基于模态声发射时频分析的泄漏定位方法。该方法采用平滑伪Wigner-Ville时频分布对两泄漏信号的互相关函数进行时频分析,利用互相关函数的时频谱可同时提取泄漏信号的时间延迟和与之对应的频率;然后根据泄漏声发射信号的主导模态的频散曲线即可确定该频率对应的声速,利用实时确定的声速和时间延迟并根据两传感器之间的距离即可确定泄漏点的位置。实验结果表明,采用时频分析的气体管道泄漏定位误差与互相关相比减少了6倍。所提出的模态声发射时频定位方法能有效抑制泄漏信号的频散,提高泄漏信号的相关性,从而更适合用于声发射管道泄漏定位。     

无需时钟同步和网络时延预测的远程控制补偿器研究

网络时延及其不确定性是影响基于因特网的远程控制系统稳定性的主要原因。将网络时延的预测值装入动态补偿器,可以对网络时延进行实时的补偿,保持系统的稳定性,但是预测误差直接影响系统的的控制特性。提出了一种将网络时延环节直接组合进时延补偿器中的新型补偿器,避免了网络时延的在线预测问题和本地与远程计算机之间的时钟同步处理,有很重要的实用价值。     

晶体硅光伏电池的标准测试

为了建立太阳电池的标准测试规范流程,对影响太阳电池标准测试不确定度的各类因素进行了评价和筛选。基于太阳光模拟器、分光感度仪、IV测试仪、标准太阳电池等二级太阳电池标准测试设备与器件,开展了多项标准测试技术的研究。对电池测量过程中太阳电池模拟光源的空间不均匀性、时间不稳定性、仪器测量重复性、扫描方向导致的不确定度、电池反射率和透射率、面积测量不确定度、量子效率等各类影响因素进行了测量,给出了高效晶体硅太阳电池测量不确定度的测量流程,最终导出在现有实验室测量条件下的扩展测量不确定度为±3.94%。基于对常规太阳电池测试数据的比较,对常规电池测量方法进行了改进,将测量不确定度降低了0.19%。最后,提出了双面电池的精确测试流程和方法,为其它双面光电池的标准化测量提供了借鉴。     

Analytical fractional PID controller design based on Bode’s ideal transfer function plus time delay

In this paper, a fractional order PID controller cascaded with a fractional filter is proposed for higher order processes. In this analytical design methodology, one or two reduced fractional orders plus time delay models are used to represent higher order system transfer functions. The controller parameters are determined so as to meet certain frequency domain specifications. A unity feedback reference model is employed where Bode’s ideal loop transfer function plus time delay of the fractional order model is placed in the forward path. The addition of this time delay provides the exact determination of frequency domain specifications if the system either intrinsically owns a time delay or a time delay is injected by its reduced order model. The proposed methodology is compared with two other related methodologies and it has been observed that the proposed controller performs much better than the others. Moreover, some empirical formulas for time domain characteristics of the reference model are numerically derived in terms of certain frequency domain specifications and time delay of the fractional reduced order model. The accuracy of these formulas is tested by simulations. The iso-damping, noise attenuation and load disturbance suppression performances of the proposed controller are also considered and compared with those of other related controllers.     

卫星数传通信仿真系统设计与实现

提供了一种卫星数传通信系统运行仿真平台的设计方法。首先利用带通采样定理,对仿真系统进行了采样率设计,总结了最低等效载波频率的计算公式,可直接应用该公式进行设计,同时进行了与实际系统时间和频率的等效设计;其次根据系统的功能结构,设计了系统软件架构和运行进程;最后根据需要建立了相应的功能模型。该卫星数传通信仿真系统包括独立运行和网络调度运行两种工作模式,能够仿真包括射频调制在内的发射和接收所要求的功能模型,并提供分析评估模型。通过分析评估模型,给出了整体仿真系统的频谱、眼图、误码率与信噪比的情况,通过分析,仿真的结果与理论是相吻合的。     

大型索网反射面天线空间动力学分析

大型可展开索网反射面天线是目前较为理想的天线结构形式.由于其自身的结构特点以及复杂的空间环境因素,天线在运行时易产生大幅度振动变形,严重影响卫星的稳定运行.文中以某星载大型可展开索网反射面天线为切入点,对其进行了空间动力学分析.针对天线与中心刚体之间的多体动力学刚–柔耦合问题,首先根据模型分析参数建立了卫星–天线–太阳...     

数据采集系统通道间延迟时间差的精确评价

本文介绍了数据采集系统通道间延迟时间差的一种简单实用的精确评价方法,即加数字滤波器的正弦波拟合法。设计实现了单频数字滤波器的时域实现过程及频域表达式,讨论了评价过程的误差来源,以及减小其评价误差的几种对策;同时,给出了评价过程的几个典型实验结果。     

Design of PI controllers for achieving time and frequency domain specifications simultaneously

This paper deals with the design of PI controllers which achieve the desired frequency and time domain specifications simultaneously. A systematic method, which is effective and simple to apply, is proposed. The required values of the frequency domain performance measures namely the gain and phase margins and the time domain performance measures such as settling time and overshoot are defined prior to the design. Then, to meet these desired performance values, a method which presents a graphical relation between the required performance values and the parameters of the PI controller is given. Thus, a set of PI controllers which attain desired performances can be found using the graphical relations. Illustrative examples are given to demonstrate the benefits of the method presented.     

星上控制力矩陀螺群隔振平台的应用研究

控制力矩陀螺群(Control moment gyroscopes, CMGs)作为姿态控制执行机构被广泛应用,但是自身的高频振动特性直接影响星体的姿态精度和稳定度。为能有效地提高星体的姿态精度和稳定度,通过使用六自由度隔振平台处理CMGs产生的高频振动,并对隔振平台的应用进行多任务要求下的协调性研究。建立含有隔振系统和挠性帆板的整星动力学模型,通过对模型的合理简化,得出隔振平台的传递函数特性;分析其和姿态控制系统以及挠性部件相互之间的影响,并得到隔振平台参数设计的约束指标;根据约束指标对隔振平台重要参数进行理论上的设计,并通过数值仿真验证所设计参数的合理性;将所设计的隔振平台运用到整星中,对整星姿态精度和稳定度进行预测,以分析加入隔振平台后,对整星姿态控制精度和稳定度的影响。     

The self-induced oscillations of the under expanded jets impinging upon a cylindrical body

The present study addresses the flow characteristics involved in the self-induced oscillations of the underexpanded jet impinging upon a cylindrical body. Both experiment and computational analysis are carried out to elucidate the shock motions of the self-induced oscillations and to find the associated major flow factors. The underexpanded sonic jet is made from a nozzle and a cylindrical body is placed downstream to simulate the impinging jet upon an obstacle. The computational analysis using TVD scheme is applied to solve the axisymmetric, unsteady, inviscid governing equations. A Schlieren system is employed to visualize the self-induced oscillations generated in flow field. The data of the shock motions are obtained from a high-speed video system. The detailed characteristics of the Mach disk oscillations and the resulting pressure variations are expatiated using the time dependent data of the Mach disk positions. The mechanisms of the self-induced oscillations are discussed in details based upon the experimental and computational results.     

基于ADAMS对柔性太阳能帆板的振动分析

通过建立的卫星模型,利用Adams/vibration模块对卫星柔性的太阳能帆板展开后进行振动分析,得出太阳能帆板的振动模态和特征值,以及频率响应曲线,通过分析得出系统的最大振型,为以后卫星结构和参数进行优化设计提供了依据。     

A time delay method to solve non-collocated input estimation problems

Fundamental properties of using time delay to solve ill-posed input estimation problems are studied. It is shown that for systems with non-collocated sensors and inputs these problems are ill-posed, and how a sensor-specific time delay approach can be used to formulate a modified, well-posed problem. Invertibility of the associated block Toeplitz matrix and its relation to truncation errors are discussed. Moreover, it is shown that the time delay approach, in order to produce an acceptable solution, requires that certain conditions regarding the positioning of sensors are fulfilled. Some numerical examples to illustrate various aspects of the time delay approach are also given. The issues are treated in the setting of mechanical systems.     

Robust time-delay control of a reclaimer

In this paper, a robust time delay control for a reclaimer is investigated. Supplying the same amount of raw material throughout the reclaimation process, from the raw yard to a sinter plant, is important to keep the quality of the molten steel uniform. As the parameter values of the reclaimer are not available, the boom rotational dynamics. is modeled as a second order differential equation with unknown coefficients. The unknown parameters in the nominal model are estimated using recursive estimation method. Another important factor in the control problem of a reclaimer is the large time delay in output measurement. Assuming a multiplicative uncertainty, that accounts for both the unstructured uncertainty neglected in the modeling and the structured uncertainty in the parameter estimation, a robust Smith predictor is designed. A robust stability criterion for the multiplicative uncertainty is derived. Following the work of Goodwinet al. (1992), a quantifying procedure of the multiplicative uncertainty bound, through experiments, is described. Experimental and simulation results are provided.