固定化脂肪酶催化合成单甘酯

研究了蛋壳作载体固定化脂肪酶催化棕榈油甘油解合成单甘酯的最佳工艺条件：反应温度28℃,甘油水含量4%,甘油与油脂摩尔比4:1,固定化酶用量为110U/g棕榈油,反应平衡时间24h,单甘酯最高含量44.2%。产率为83%,考察了固定化酶催化合成的稳定性,使用6次后固定化脂肪酶活力仍保留70%。     

无溶剂体系酶促合成甘油中碳酸偏酯

根据中碳酸转化率的大小 ,对 5种不同来源的固定化脂肪酶筛选 ,其中固定化脂肪酶SSW的酶催化转化率最高 ,辛酸和癸酸转化率分别为 91.5 %和 93.5 % ;对脂肪酶SSW酶促合成甘油辛酸偏酯的反应条件优化 ,适宜反应条件为 :敞口反应器中反应温度 5 5℃ ,每克酸加酶量 10 0U/g ,辛酸 /甘油投料摩尔比 1∶1.1,甘油初始加水量 4 % (质量分数 ) .实验范围内中碳酸品种对脂肪酶SSW不显示基质特异性 .     

两步酶法合成MLM型结构脂质中醇解反应研究

为获得纯度较高的2-单甘酯来制备MLM型结构脂质,以菜籽油和无水乙醇为底物,用来自Thermomyceslanuginosa固定化脂肪酶TL IM作为催化酶来制备2-单甘酯。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验设计,获得醇解反应的最佳工艺条件:菜籽油/无水乙醇(底物)物质的量比1:5,Lipozyme TL IM酶加入量为7%(以底物质量计)、反应温度35℃、反应时间18h,总单甘酯含量为38.82%。经三级分子蒸馏纯化后,总单甘酯的纯度可以达到90.76%。     

MLM型结构脂的酶法合成及其理化性质分析

以醇解反应制得单甘酯和辛酸为底物,1,3-特异性固定化脂肪酶为催化用酶,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验获得酯化反应制备MLM型结构脂质的最适条件：Lipozyme RM IM酶加入量9%(以底物质量计)、反应时间14h、反应温度40℃、单甘酯与辛酸(底物)物质的量比1:6;该条件下辛酸插入率达60.48%,其中92.84%的辛酸分布在甘油结构的1,3位上。经二级分子蒸馏纯化后得到的MLM型结构脂质,辛酸插入率达到73.34%;对其进行理化指标检测分析表明,该产品最低可达国家四级菜籽油的标准。     

有机溶剂体系固定化脂肪酶催化合成生物柴油

探讨了有机溶剂体系固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶催化大豆色拉油合成生物柴油的过程。将固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶置于有机溶剂体系中催化合成生物柴油的效果较好。研究发现,在40℃下反应10 h,固定化Candida antarctica脂肪酶以石油醚作为有机溶剂转化率最高,当总醇油物质的量比为3∶1,固定化酶占5%(相对于油质量),加入5%质量分数的水时固定化酶反应活性最高,酯化率可以达到88.4%。固定化酶重复使用10次仍具有较高活性。     

单辛酸甘油酯的酶法合成

以Novo435固定化脂肪酶为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下催化甘油和辛酸合成单辛酸甘油酯。通过单因素试验确定加酶量、反应温度、反应时间三个因素的取值范围,并用响应面实验设计和分析方法对合成反应条件进行了优化。结果表明,在甘油辛酸摩尔比1:1、反应温度66.8℃、脂肪酶与反应底物质量比0.88%、无水的条件下反应11.5h,辛酸转化率达93.53%,单辛酸甘油酯含量为47.69%。     

酶法催化酯交换制备甘油二酯工艺优化研究

以大豆油和单甘酯为原料,在无溶剂体系中利用固定化脂肪酶Novozym 435催化合成甘油二酯。通过单因素实验和响应面实验研究反应温度、底物摩尔比、反应时间和酶添加量对甘油二酯含量的影响。结果表明:4个因素对甘油二酯含量影响的大小依次为反应温度、反应时间、酶添加量、底物摩尔比;合成甘油二酯的最佳工艺条件为大豆油与单甘酯摩尔比1∶2、酶添加量9%、反应温度83℃、反应时间6. 5 h,在此条件下甘油二酯含量为(51. 2±0. 2)%。     

甘油钠催化大豆油甘油解制备单甘酯的研究

采用甘油钠催化大豆油甘油解制备单甘酯,对反应温度、反应时间、甘油钠添加量和底物物质的量比进行了研究,得到选定的反应条件是:反应温度175℃、甘油钠添加量(油重)为2.4％、底物物质的量比(大豆油和甘油)为1∶4和甘油解反应时间为2h,在此条件下,反应得到的甘油酯混合物中,单甘酯质量分数为53.1％.采用二级分子蒸馏纯化单甘酯产品,粗甘油酯在Ⅰ级分子蒸馏(140℃)除去游离脂肪酸和甘油;在Ⅱ级分子蒸馏(190℃)纯化单甘酯,得到纯度为93.0％的单甘酯产品,单甘酯回收率为96.8％.     

酶法改良大豆油制备质构脂质的研究

研究了固定化脂肪酶催化大豆油与辛酸酸解制备质构脂质的工艺.脂肪酶筛选实验表明,在所选用的三种脂肪酶中,来自Rhizomucor miehei的固定化脂肪酶RM IM催化效果最好.以RM IM为催化剂,进一步考察了酶用量、底物摩尔比、水分添加量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对辛酸插入率的影响.结果表明:当大豆油500mg时,最佳的反应条件为:反应温度40℃,底物摩尔比6∶1(辛酸∶大豆油),固定化酶10%(底物重量百分比),水分添加量10%(酶的重量百分比),反应24h,辛酸的插入率为43%,质构脂质的脂肪酸分布最合理.     

有机相脂肪酶催化合成柠檬酸甘油酯

以脂肪酶为催化剂,在有机介质中合成柠檬酸甘油酯。对催化合成反应的脂肪酶和反应介质进行了筛选,最佳溶剂为叔丁醇,固定化于大孔丙烯酸树脂的Candida antarctica脂肪酶B(Novozym 435)的催化活性最好。同时对底物浓度、底物摩尔比、脂肪酶用量、吸水剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等条件进行了优化,确定最佳工艺参数为:酸浓度0.12mol/L,单甘酯和柠檬酸摩尔比2∶1,脂肪酶用量为质量分数8%,吸水剂用量0.12g/mL,50℃反应48h,柠檬酸转化率可达70.97%。经电喷雾质谱和红外光谱分析,反应产物主要是α-柠檬酸单硬脂酸甘油酯。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press