云南5种杂交肉牛产肉性能及胴体品质评价

选择17 月龄、在相同饲养条件下经120 d短期育肥的西本杂、短本杂、安本杂、云岭杂（西门塔尔牛、短角牛、安格斯牛、云岭牛与本地黄牛的杂交F1代）及纯种云岭牛公牛各3 头,开展屠宰性能测定及胴体品质评价。结果表明：云岭牛、云岭杂、安本杂、短本杂和西本杂屠宰率分别为60.60%、61.04%、62.02%、61.79%和61.66%,净肉率分别为47.63%、47.66%、50.21%、48.30%和48.35%,胴体产肉率分别为75.62%、74.30%、80.93%、76.88%和76.48%,各组屠宰率无显著差异,安本杂净肉率最高,显著高于云岭牛和云岭杂（P＜0.05）,但与短本杂、西本杂差异不显著,其他各组净肉率无显著差异;安本杂脂肪率明显低于其他组,胴体骨率显著低于云岭杂、短本杂和西本杂（P＜0.05）,与云岭牛无显著差异;特级肉块所占比例以西本杂最高、云岭杂最低,高档肉块所占比例以短本杂最高、安本杂最低,优质肉块所占比例以西本杂最高、云岭杂最低。     

The Effectiveness of ISO 9001 Implementation in Food Manufacturing Companies: A Proposed Measurement Instrument

ISO 9001 is a Quality Management System (QMS) standard that is widely adopted by many manufacturing companies, including food manufacturing companies. However, the effectiveness of ISO 9001 implementation is still questioned. Given this, this paper aims to propose an instrument that can be used to measure the effectiveness of ISO 9001 implementation in food manufacturing companies. The paper is important because there is lack of research on the development of measurement instrument of ISO 9001 implementation effectiveness. Furthermore, this paper is important because the knowledge on measurement instrument of ISO 9001 implementation effectiveness is needed by ISO 9001 certified food manufacturing company managers for measuring and improving their QMS.     

Residential Bacteria on Surfaces in the Food Industry and Their Implications for Food Safety and Quality

Surface hygiene is commonly measured as a part of the quality system of food processing plants, but as the bacteria present are commonly not identified, their roles for food quality and safety are not known. Here, we review the identity of residential bacteria and characteristics relevant for survival and growth in the food industry along with potential implications for food safety and quality. Sampling after cleaning and disinfection increases the likelihood of targeting residential bacteria. The increasing use of sequencing technologies to identify bacteria has improved knowledge about the bacteria present in food premises. Overall, nonpathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas spp., followed by Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter spp. dominate on food processing surfaces. Pseudomonas spp. persistence is likely due to growth at low temperatures, biofilm formation, tolerance to biocides, and low growth requirements. Gram‐positive bacteria are most frequently found in dairies and in dry production environments. The residential bacteria may end up in the final products through cross‐contamination and may affect food quality. Such effects can be negative and lead to spoilage, but the bacteria may also contribute positively, as through spontaneous fermentation. Pathogenic bacteria present in food processing environments may interact with residential bacteria, resulting in both inhibitory and stimulatory effects on pathogens in multispecies biofilms. The residential bacterial population, or bacteriota, does not seem to be an important source for the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to humans, but more knowledge is needed to verify this. If residential bacteria occur in high numbers, they may influence processes such as membrane filtration and corrosion.     

食品感官质量满意体系的模型研究

食品的感官评价对于企业的综合竞争能力有着极其重要的作用,通过正确地建立和运用感官质量评价模型,企业可以找出自身的优势与薄弱环节,从而调整产品性能,以增强企业的竞争能力。     

放养鸡肌肉品质和产肉性能分析

本试验旨在研究放养鸡肌肉品质和产肉性能.随机选取12周龄健康的放养铁脚麻母鸡10只,同时选取健康的笼养铁脚麻母鸡10只作为对照组,屠宰和产肉性能按"家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法"中规定的方法进行,取胸肌和腿肌进行肉品质分析,主要分析蒸煮损失、pH、肉红度(a*)、黄度(b*)、亮度(L*)、电导率(EC)、肌肉中...     

胡柚罐头的生产与品质控制技术研究

研究了以新鲜胡柚为原料,通过不同浓度和温度的酸碱处理对产品处理效果的影响,采用温度25℃~30℃浓度0.6%~0.8%的盐酸溶液酸处理,温度25℃~30℃浓度0.2%~0.3%的氢氧化钠溶液碱处理,成品组织紧密不易破碎,橘络残存较少;通过不同浸泡时间和装罐量对产品脱水率的影响,确定按照脱水率15%计算装罐量;针对实际批量生产中存在的各类质量问题,提出了改善措施,对批量化生产产品品质控制具有实际应用意义。     

优质蛋白玉米在产蛋鸡日粮中的应用研究

将157日龄海兰褐商品代产蛋鸡528只,分为3个处理,每个处理4重复,每个重复44只鸡,研究优质蛋白玉米和普通玉米组成的日粮对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质常规指标的影响.处理1饲喂普通玉米日粮（添加赖氨酸）,赖氨酸水为平0.71%;处理2饲喂优质蛋白玉米日粮（等量替换普通玉米）,赖氨酸水平为0.78%;处理3饲喂优质蛋白玉米日粮（等量替换普通米,不添加赖氨酸）,赖氨酸水平为0.69%.试验结果表明：优质蛋白玉米日粮组的日采食量显著高于普通玉米组（P＜0.05）,表明优质蛋白玉米具有较好的适口性;处理3的产蛋率显著高于处理1和处理2（P＜0.05）,处理1和处理2间差异不显著（P＞0.1）;任意两个处理间的平均蛋重、饲料转化率、软破蛋率接近（P＞0.1）.总的来讲,处理3的生产性能优于其它处理组,处理2的生产性能最低;与普通玉米相比,在日粮中使用优质蛋白玉米可提高鸡蛋的蛋黄颜色评分（P＜0.1）,不会降低鸡蛋的哈夫单位和蛋壳强度（P＞0.1）.用优质蛋白玉米等量替换普通玉米,并维持适宜的赖氨酸水平,可提高产蛋高峰鸡的生产性能.     

小米饭的制作及食用品质评价方法

小米是优质杂粮,除了煮粥外,小米饭也是重要的一种食用方式,但目前尚缺乏系统的小米饭食用品质评价方法。以张杂谷13号为研究对象,对影响小米饭制作的因素,包括加热器的类型、米水质量比、加水种类、浸泡时间分别进行研究,利用硬度黏度仪、色泽色度测定仪以及感官评价的方法,对小米饭的食用品质进行综合评价,最终确定小米饭的最佳制作方法为：称取300 g小米,放入电饭煲中,用去离子水快速淘洗2次,按照米水质量比1.0∶2.0加入去离子水,浸泡30 min,电饭煲选择精华饭模式,加热时间约45 min,蒸煮完成后,搅拌均匀,再焖20 min。为小米饭的制作及其食用品质的评价提供重要的科学依据。     

食品质量与安全性控制技术

介绍了提高食品质量和安全性的现代加工技术及质量管理体系。一些新型的微生物控制技术和加工技术，比如栅栏技术、非热加工、高压处理、辐照、冷藏与冷冻、现代包装等高新技术是控制食品质量与安全的有效手段。对危害分析与关键控制点——HACCP体系、ISO9000体系、良好生产规范(GMP)、卫生标准操作规范(SSOP)和追溯系统在控制食品质量与安全方面的应用及其相互关系也做了介绍。     

浅谈稳定胶合板质量的现场管理

通过对影响胶合板质量稳定的几个工序进行分析,探讨对这些工序加强现场管理的措施,为胶合板生产企业保持胶合板质量稳定提供参考依据。     

食品安全基层责任网络建设绩效评价分析

确定食品安全基层责任网络建设绩效评价指标及其权重,建立评价指标体系并进行实证分析。结合食品安全基层责任网络“三定”方案、地方标准,借助平衡积分卡理论,采用层次分析法确定评价指标体系,以浙江省11个设区市为例进行评价实施。评价体系由4个一级指标、11个二级指标与27个三级指标构成,一级指标权重由高到低依次为业绩评价（0.512 7）、内部管理（0.260 5）、相关利益人（0.150 4）、学习与成长（0.076 4）;三级指标位居前三的为群众满意度高（0.244 9）、资源保障（0.138 3）、未发生食品安全事件（0.099 3）;11个设区市评价结果与当年政府食品安全工作评议考核结果排序一致。构建评价指标体系可行有效、科学合理,可为各地建设食品安全基层责任网络提供方向,为评价责任网络绩效提供科学决策和客观依据。     

高温季节耐热素对猪生产性能与肉质的影响

选取杜×长×大三元杂交肥育猪48头,随机分成3个组。对照组猪喂基础饲粮,试验1组在对照组饲粮基础上加0.5%耐热素A,试验2组在对照组饲粮基础上将食盐的质量分数降到0.2%,再加0.5%耐热素B。试验期为54 d,期间猪舍内最高温度39℃,最低22℃,平均相对湿度为71.6%。结果表明:两试验组猪的体温均在不同程度上低于对照组猪,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。耐热素A对猪增重有促进作用(P<0.05);耐热素A、B对饲料转化率都有改善作用(P<0.05),其中耐热素A比B的效果更明显。试验1组猪肌肉中脂肪、钙的含量都显著高于试验2组和对照组(P<0.05);试验2组猪肌肉中脂肪、钙的含量亦高于对照组猪(P>0.05)。试验1、2组猪肌肉纤维直径均大于对照组(P>0.05)。3个组猪背膘厚和肌肉pH值无显著的差异(P>0.05)。这说明,耐热素A在减轻高温对猪健康和生产性能的不良影响有明显的效果,且可促进脂肪、钙在肌肉内沉积,对改善猪肉的风味也有一定的积极作用。     

杂豆的烹饪性能分析与品质提升技术研究进展

杂豆具有高蛋白、低脂肪、富含维生素和矿物质等特点,是一种优质的植物性食物来源.杂豆结构致密、坚硬,不易蒸煮,其细胞壁作为一层天然的物理屏障,限制了蛋白质和淀粉的消化吸收.本文从植物细胞壁的结构组成以及形成机制入手,对比了杂豆种皮和子叶的细胞壁在结构上的异同,分析了杂豆不易蒸煮的原因,阐述了不同加工处理方式对杂豆的细胞壁...     

Health Benefits of Anthocyanins and Their Encapsulation for Potential Use in Food Systems: A Review

Anthocyanins are one of the six subgroups of large and widespread group of plant constituents known as flavonoids. These are responsible for the bright and attractive orange, red, purple, and blue colors of most fruits, vegetables, flowers and some cereal grains. More than 600 structurally distinct anthocyanins have been identified in nature. Earlier, anthocyanins were only known for their coloring properties but now interest in anthocyanin pigments has intensified because of their possible health benefits as dietary antioxidants, which help to prevent neuronal diseases, cardiovascular illnesses, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and many such others diseases. Ability of anthocyanins to counter oxidants makes them atherosclerosis fighters. Therefore, anthocyanin-rich foods may help to boost overall health by offering an array of nutrients. However, the incorporation of anthocyanins into food and medical products is a challenging task due to their low stability toward environmental conditions during processing and storage. Encapsulation seems to be an efficient way to introduce such compounds into these products. Encapsulating agents act as a protector coat against ambient adverse conditions such as light, humidity, and oxygen. Encapsulated bioactive compounds are easier to handle and offer improved stability. The main objective of this review is to explore health benefits of anthocyanins and their extraction, characterization, encapsulation, and delivery.     

饲料中添加桑饲料对蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质的影响

本实验选用100只285日龄的农大矮小型蛋鸡,随机分为5组,各实验组在全价料的基础上分别添加0%、2.5%、5%、7.5%、10%的桑饲料颗粒料,实验期30d,进行蛋品质测定。结果表明饲喂桑饲料颗粒料能极显著的提高蛋黄颜色,提高哈夫单位,对蛋壳厚度、蛋形指数、蛋壳强度都有很好的改善作用。     

建立食品质量安全长效监管机制

我国政府高度重视食品质量安全工作,采取了一系列有效措施,取得明显成效,但目前仍处于风险高发期和矛盾凸显期.面临诸多新问题新挑战,必须明确问题产生的主要原因,不断探索食品质量安全管理的方式、方法.本文分析了中国食品安全管理模式、管理机制,指出了当前食品安全监管工作中存在的问题,提出了建立产品质量和食品安全长效监管的一些建议.     

食品追溯系统实施效力评价的国际经验借鉴

建立食品追溯系统是迅速确定问题源头、保障食品安全的重要手段,已成为全球发展的必然趋势,而如何 保证食品追溯系统运行的有效性,提高食品供应链的追溯效率,也将成为重点研究课题。本文对美国食品药品监督 管理局2012年底公布的关于提高食品供应链中追溯能力的项目报告进行了剖析,通过对试点食品进行模拟追溯过程 的阐述,总结了此项项目中使用的研究方法和研究结果对我国的借鉴之处,为我国将来进行食品追溯系统的效力评 价工作提供理论和实践参考。     

新型BT903转杯纺纱机的性能与工艺质量分析

介绍BT90 3转杯纺纱机的主要技术性能、生产运行主要工艺参数设置及质量指标的测试 ,并与BD2 0 0SN转杯纺纱机做了对比。     

Generating Kinetic Data for Use in Design and Evaluation of High Temperature Food Processing Systems

The kinetics of sucrose (pH 2.5), Blue#2 (pH 11.3) and Blue#2 (pH 9.5) were determined for high food processing temperatures. A traditional batch kinetic data generation and a novel continuous flow method were examined. The novel method consisted of a tubular flow reactor designed to establish the time-temperature equivalent points for any process. Activation energy values determined for the continuous method were 46.0, 27.2 and 52.3 kJ/mol for sucrose, Blue#2 (pH 11.3) and Blue#2 (pH 9.5), respectively. Values utilizing the traditional batch (capillary tube) generation method yielded 94.6, 58.2 and 74.5 kJ/mol, respectively. Based on these results, a new thermal evaluation technique is proposed for describing difficult to define continuous flow systems.     

植物乳杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能及猪肉品质的影响

选用体重在11～13kg范围的断奶仔猪(大×长)150头,随机分成5组,每组30头。在饲料中添加抗生素(乙酰甲喹),做对比试验,考察植物乳杆菌ZJ316发酵液对断奶仔猪生长性能和猪肉品质的影响。试验结果表明:饲喂植物乳杆菌ZJ316发酵液后能显著提高仔猪的日增重和饲料转化率,降低料肉比、腹泻率和死亡率,且对猪肉品质,如滴水损失和嫩度等方面也有明显的改善。在仔猪饲养管理中植物乳杆菌ZJ316可替代抗生素(乙酰甲喹),作为绿色、安全的绿色饲料添加剂,在今后的养殖业中具有很好的应用前景。