Heat of explosion of commercial and brisant high explosives

Methods for determining the heat of explosion of high explosives (HEs) with ideal and nonideal processes of explosive decomposition are considered. It is shown that the heat of explosion is of significance for estimating the efficiency of commercial HEs and is used in the energetic characterization of the working capacity. The heat of explosion of brisant HEs is only part of the blast heat of explosion and is the heat content of gaseous detonation products during their isentropic expansion from the initial state to a certain expansion ratio (determined by experimental conditions). The heat of explosion can be obtained by thermodynamic calculations based on physically justified equations of state for fluids (gaseous detonation products in the chemical-reaction zone of the detonation wave in the supercritical state) and condensed nanocarbon phases (nanographite, nanodiamond, and liquid carbon). Experimental and calculated values of the heat of explosion are given. The thermodynamic calculation is inapplicable to commercial HEs because of the nonideal nature of their detonation. The heat of explosion of commercial HEs can be calculated using the Hess law. The heat of explosion of brisant HEs is not a measure of power. The power of HEs is characterized by the propellant performance. It is shown that even detonation velocity cannot be a measure of the power of HEs. The power and detonation parameters of brisant HEs are determined by the energy release density in unit volume of the chemical-reaction zone of the detonation wave and by the rate of energy release from the shock front rather than by the heat of explosion, which cannot be considered a universal characteristic. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 43, No. 2, pp. 100–107, March–April, 2007.     

Thermal explosion in closed systems: Criteria and critical conditions

A new criterion for thermal explosion in exothermically reacting systems for the case of arbitrary one-step conversions is proposed. The computation method is based on the analysis of the equation of maximum temperatures obtained for closed systems taking into account reactant consumption. The dependence of the maximum temperature on the Semenov and Todes parameters is bistable and the critical conditions are determined by the extremum conditions on the relevant parametric diagrams. The demarcation lines of ignition in the Todes criterion–Semenov criterion parametric plane are calculated for second-order exothermic reactions. Comparison of numerical and analytical calculations shows that they are in satisfactory agreement.     

Estimating the explosion hazard of aromatic azo compounds

This paper gives the results of temperature measurements at the beginning of fast decomposition of nine commercial azo dyes under heating. The enthalpies of formation of three azo dyes are measured, and the parameters of their explosive transformation are calculated. It is shown that for the flash temperatures obtained using the kinetic parameters of decomposition reactions and calculated heats of explosion of azo dyes, the average deviation from experimental values is 4.5%. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 5, pp. 93–97, September–October, 2008.     

Quantity of explosion products and isentropic characteristics of detonation products of industrial explosives

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves -     

双螺杆挤出技术在火炸药加工中的应用

简述了国内外双螺杆挤出技术的发展,分析了火炸药双螺杆挤出技术在新型高能火炸药加工中的重要性,综合比较了国内外火炸药双螺杆挤出技术发展状况,指出国内火炸药双螺杆挤出技术与国外先进技术相比存在较大的差距。探讨了在火炸药基础性研究、安全代用料研究、双螺杆加工机理、研发组织形式、学术交流等方面存在的问题,建议采取针对性措施,整合国内资源,加强"产、学、研"稳定合作,以促进双螺杆挤出技术应用水平达到新高度。     

气相二氧化硅生产火灾危险性分析

分析了气相二氧化硅生产过程中原料、中间体及成品中存在的火灾危险,并提出了具体的防火措施。     

Effect of the elemental composition of explosives on the parameters and composition of explosion products

The effect of the elemental composition of explosives on the parameters and composition of the explosion products is studied numerically. It is shown, in particular, that choosing the ratios of individual explosives and an admixture (water), one can reach the optimum gas evolution of a mixed explosive. Translated fromFizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 88–91, July–August 1999.     

Relation of normal detonation parameters to the calorimetric heat of explosion of condensed explosives

Chernogolovka. Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 26, No. 4, pp. 122–124, July–August, 1990.     

Comparative analysis of the explosion hazard in various ways of manufacturing carbon disulfide

Conclusions Values for the relative and absolute explosion hazard energy potentials for technological blocks in carbon disulfide manufacturing by the retort, electrothermal, and methane methods have been found.The contribution of individual components to the formation of explosion hazard energy potentials has been established.It has been shown that the technological blocks for carbon disulfide manufacture belong to the low and medium categories of explosion hazard.General recommendations have been given on reducing the explosion hazard energy potentials of the technological blocks.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 43–46, May–June, 1989.