Solid State Voltage and Frequency Controller for a Stand Alone Wind Power Generating System

This paper deals with the voltage and frequency controller of a wind turbine driven isolated asynchronous generator. The proposed voltage and frequency controller consists of an insulated gate bipolar junction transistor based voltage source converter along-with battery energy storage system at its dc link. The proposed controller is having bidirectional active and reactive powers flow capability by which it controls the system voltage and frequency with variation of consumer loads and the speed of the wind turbine. It is also having capability of harmonic elimination and load balancing. The proposed electro-mechanical system along with its controller is modeled and simulated in MATLAB using Simulink and power system block-set toolboxes. Performance of the proposed controller is presented to demonstrate voltage and frequency control of a wind turbine driven isolated asynchronous generator along with harmonic elimination and load balancing.     

High-performance speed servo system considering Voltage saturation of a vector-controlled induction motor

Generally, a speed servo system of a vector-controlled induction motor has limitations of motor voltage and current. When the speed servo system has a large torque reference, the output of its PI controller is often saturated. In this case, the conventional servo system stops the integral calculation of its PI controller. However, this system often has a large overshoot and/or an oscillated response caused by both a windup phenomenon and phase error on the vector control condition. This paper proposes a new speed servo system considering voltage saturation for the vector-controlled induction motor. The proposed control method compensates the phase error on vector control condition quickly, and always keeps the vector control condition. The experimental results show that the proposed system well regulates the motor speed and the secondary magnetic flux for a large torque reference without a windup phenomenon.     

Mechatronic design and injection speed control of an ultra high-speed plastic injection molding machine

This paper presents pragmatic techniques for mechatronic design and injection speed control of an ultra high-speed plastic injection molding machine. Practical rules are proposed to select specifications of key mechatronic components in the hydraulic servo system, in order to efficiently construct an industry-level machine. With reasonable assumptions, a mathematical model of the injection speed control system is established and open-loop experimental data are then employed to validate the system model. By the model, a gain-scheduling PI controller and a fuzzy PI controller are presented, compared and then implemented into a digital signal processor (DSP) using standard C programming techniques. Experimental results are conducted to show that the two proposed controllers are capable of achieving satisfactory speed tracking performance. These developed techniques may provide useful references for engineers and practitioners attempting to design pragmatic, low-cost but high-performance ultra high-injection speed controllers.     

Optimal controller design for a matrix converter based surface mounted PMSM drive system

This paper proposes a new control algorithm for a matrix converter permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system. First, a new switching strategy, which applies a backpropagation neural network to adjust a pseudo DC bus voltage, is proposed to reduce the current harmonics of the permanent magnet synchronous motor. Next, a two-degree-of-freedom controller is proposed to improve the system performance. The parameters of this controller are obtained by using a frequency-domain optimization technique. The controller design algorithm can be applied in an adjustable speed control system and a position control system to obtain good transient responses and good load disturbance rejection abilities. The controller design procedures require only algebraic computation. The implementation of this kind of controller is only possible by using a high-speed digital signal processor. In this paper, all the control loops, including current-loop, speed-loop, and position-loop, are implemented by a 32-b TMS320C40 digital signal processor. The hardware, therefore, is very simple. Several experimental results are shown to validate the theoretical analysis.     

直接转矩控制系统减小转矩脉动的仿真研究

传统的直接转矩控制系统（DTC）转矩脉动较大，本文利用双PI控制方法进行了改进，设计出一种非零电压空间矢量和零电压空间矢量控制器，改进了速度凋节器以及开关状态表，利用Matlab／simulink进行了仿真，结果表叫，所提方案能极大的减小转矩脉动和转速响应时间，同时算法简单，易于实现。     

基于双PI控制的异步电机直接转矩控制系统的研究

传统的直接转矩控制系统(DTC)转矩脉动较大,文章利用双PI控制方法进行了改进,设计出一种非零电压空间矢量和零电压空间矢量控制器,改进了速度调节器以及开关状态表,利用Matlab/Simulink进行了仿真。结果表明,所提方案能极大地减小转矩脉动和转速响应时间,同时算法简单,易于实现。     

Automatic flux-weakening control of permanent magnet synchronousmotors using a reduced-order controller

This study presents a novel means of designing a simple and effective position and velocity controller for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). In contrast to the conventional two-loop control methods with full-state feedback, the proposed controller does not need current information of the motor for feedback purposes. However, under normal operation the steady-state d-axis current can still be controlled to zero to minimize power dissipation. In addition, implementing a simple overmodulation strategy allows the controller to automatically generate a flux-weakening control to expand the range of operating speed when voltage saturation occurs. In addition to not depending on system parameters used by the controller, the automatically generated demagnetizing current is also optimal in the sense of minimum power dissipation that differs from the maximum output torque design or the constant power design of the general flux-weakening control methods. Simulation and experimental results show that the controller can achieve an effective speed and position control with near-minimum power dissipation, even when voltage saturation occurs     

Hybrid Control of a Mechatronic System: Fuzzy Logic and Grey System Modeling Approach

This paper presents a method of fuzzy control combined with grey system modeling approach of a mechatronic system to be used in driving a four-bar mechanism by a dc motor through a buck converter. The main contribution of this paper is that it predicts the future error values in terms of the previous error values using a grey estimator and determines the control action for the following step that depends on the predicted error value before it occurs. Despite the basic assumption that the angular velocity of the crank is constant in most of the mechanism analysis, this may not be valid when the mechanism is connected to an electric motor. In this paper, a complete state-space mathematical model of each part of the converter-motor-mechanism system is first developed and numerically simulated to demonstrate the crank angular speed fluctuations for the case of a constant voltage supply. Then, a fuzzy logic controller combined with grey system modeling approach is designed to regulate the crank angular speed of the mechanism and compared with a fuzzy controller used alone. Finally, results are obtained for each part of the system separately, then related parts are connected as cascade, and complete system control is tested for the proposed control approach. The connection between dc motor and four-bar mechanism has been considered as a dynamic load for the converter. Comparatively better results are obtained when the fuzzy controller is used together with grey system modeling approach. The results obtained from the proposed controller are not only superior in the rise time, speed fluctuations, and percent overshoot, but also much better in the controller output signal structure.     

Network Control System (NCS) for Performance Improvement of Dual Converter Power Supply System Using Adaptive Inverse Dynamic Mode (AIDMC) Control Technique

With recent advances in power electronics, dual converter power supply based electric variable-speed drives are significantly used in many industries uses. Power electronic motor drivers are becoming able to efficiently read the inflexible characteristics of DC motor to prerequisites the load. By controlling the input armature voltage, the DC motor speed automatically changed. Half-bridge converter, semi converter, full bridge converter and dual converter are some of the thyristor controlled rectifier circuits are widely used in variable speed drives. In This work presents single phase dual converter power supply system based on adaptive inverse dynamic mode control (AIDMC) technique. The efficient dual converter control solution for industrial network control system (NCS) is proposed based on the industrial grade requirements, designed for low to high voltage operation. As the era of connecting the devices with the cloud is being increased gradually, the proposed method uses an NCS protocol for monitoring as well as controlling the dual converter system. The proposed method provides us the control over forward and reverse rotation, forward and reverse regeneration. From the simulation results, the proposed result offers variable DC voltage which is capable of four quadrant operation of the drive in a speed-torque plane by using MATLAB Simulink environment. A hardware setup also developed to validate the simulation. Over 96% accuracy achieved full load condition for proposed dual converter power supply system based on AIDMC controller.     

A Control Scheme for PWM Voltage-Source Distributed-Generation Inverters for Fast Load-Voltage Regulation and Effective Mitigation of Unbalanced Voltage Disturbances

This paper presents a control scheme for grid-connected pulsewidth-modulated voltage-source inverters (VSIs) featuring fast load-voltage regulation and effective mitigation of unbalanced voltage disturbances. To ensure perfect regulation of the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC) and provide means for rejecting fast and dynamic voltage disturbances, the frequency modes of the disturbances to be eliminated should be included in the stable closed-loop system. Toward this, a hybrid voltage controller combining a linear with variable-structure control element is proposed for an inverter-based distributed-generation interface to regulate the voltage at the PCC. The proposed voltage controller can embed a wide band of frequency modes through an equivalent internal model. Subsequently, a wide range of voltage perturbations, including capacitor-switching disturbances, can be rejected. To account for unbalanced voltage disturbances, a dual-sequence voltage controller is proposed. To provide accurate and robust tracking of the generated active and reactive current trajectories, a newly designed deadbeat current control algorithm is proposed. The controller is designed under the practical considerations of inherent plant delays, which are associated with the digital implementation of the control algorithm, and the uncertain nature of the current dynamics. Theoretical analysis and comparative evaluation tests are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.     

Robust speed control of a switched reluctance vector drive usingvariable structure approach

The robust speed control of a switched reluctance vector drive is presented in this paper. An approximate sliding-mode input power controller and another feedforward sliding-mode speed controller are combined with space voltage vector modulation. The resultant drive has rapid and robust speed response. In addition, a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive incorporating the proposed controller requires only one current sensor and can be implemented in a low-cost 8-bit microcomputer and a few discrete integrated circuits. Furthermore, the controller does not require any offline characterization of the motor or load characteristics and could easily be applied to SRMs with any number of phase windings. A 4 kW four-phase SRM drive is constructed to test the performance of the controller. The results show that a step response from 200 to 1980 RPM needs only 2-3 s, even when driving a high-inertia load, and that the speed error can be controlled below 1%, even under unknown and dynamic loads. It is concluded that modified sliding-made controllers are effective in dealing with the highly-nonlinear characteristics of the SRM drive system     

Sensorless speed control of nonsalient permanent-magnet synchronous motor using rotor-position-tracking PI controller

This paper presents a new velocity estimation strategy of a nonsalient permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive without a high-frequency signal injection or special pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) pattern. This approach is based on the d-axis current regulator output voltage of the drive system that has the information of rotor position error. Rotor velocity can be estimated through a rotor-position-tracking proportional-integral (PI) controller that controls the position error to zero. For zero and low-speed operation, the PI controller gains of rotor position tracking controller have a variable structure according to the estimated rotor velocity. In order to boost the bandwidth of the PI controller around zero speed, a loop recovery technique is applied to the control system. The proposed method only requires the flux linkage of the permanent magnet and is insensitive to parameter estimation error and variation. The designers can easily determine the possible operating range with a desired bandwidth and perform vector control even at low speeds. The experimental results show the satisfactory operation of the proposed sensorless algorithm under rated load conditions.     

Learning of Hybrid Fuzzy Controller for the Optical Data Storage Device

A hybrid track-seeking fuzzy controller for an optical disk drive (ODD) is proposed in this paper. The proposed hybrid fuzzy controller (HFC) smoothes the voltage applied to the sled motor and improves the track-seeking efficiency. The HFC consists of two subsystems including an intelligent time switch and a driving force controller. Both subsystems are designed based on fuzzy logic inferences. The main functions of the proposed HFC are to drive the optical head unit (OHU) to the target track neighborhood as fast as possible and smoothly park the OHU in the least time in the target track neighborhood. An automatic learning approach based on genetic algorithms (GAs) is proposed for learning the fuzzy rules for both the intelligent time switch and driving force controller. Modulated orthogonal membership functions are utilized in both fuzzy controllers to improve the GA learning efficiency. The number of parameters needed to parameterize the fuzzy rule base is greatly reduced with the modulated orthogonal membership functions. Compared to the conventional track-seeking controller currently utilized in most ODDs that employ a speed profile as the reference signal for the track-seeking feedback control system, the proposed HFC outperforms the conventional track-seeking control schemes. Experiments are performed to justify the performance comparison.     

An improved anti-rollback control algorithm for gearless traction motor in elevator applications

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used in elevator applications. This is due to their high efficiency and reliability, whereby motors are directly connected to the elevator ropes without the need of having a gearbox. This efficient system comes with some new challenges regarding the control of the motor. Since no gearbox is added to the system, the motor speed oscillations are directly transferred to the elevator cabin. This urges the need of having a smooth control algorithm to suppress the measurement noises generated by the absolute encoder especially at low speed. On the other hand, whenever the mechanical brakes are released, the speed controller needs to react quickly to prevent the cabin from rolling back. In order to overcome these challenges, this paper presents an improved speed control algorithm that reacts quickly in transient state to reduce the rollback of the cabin and slowly at steady state to ensure smooth ride. The proposed controller is based on the combination of a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) along with a torque observer. It also benefits from being computationally less demanding unlike other MPC techniques. The proposed controller is experimentally tested on an elevator and then compared to classic controllers. Finally, conclusions are drawn.     

CFAVC scheme for high frequency series resonant inverter-fed domestic induction heating system

This article presents the investigations on the constant frequency asymmetric voltage cancellation control in the AC–AC resonant converter-fed domestic induction heating system. Conventional fixed frequency control techniques used in the high frequency converters lead to non-zero voltage switching operation and reduced output power. The proposed control technique produces higher output power than the conventional fixed-frequency control strategies. In this control technique, zero-voltage-switching operation is maintained during different duty cycle operation for reduction in the switching losses. Complete analysis of the induction heating power supply system with asymmetric voltage cancellation control is discussed in this article. Simulation and experimental study on constant frequency asymmetric voltage cancellation (CFAVC)-controlled full bridge series resonant inverter is performed. Time domain simulation results for the open and closed loop of the system are obtained using MATLAB simulation tool. The simulation results prove the control of voltage and power in a wide range. PID controller-based closed loop control system achieves the voltage regulation of the proposed system for the step change in load. Hardware implementation of the system under CFAVC control is done using the embedded controller. The simulation and experimental results validate the performance of the CFAVC control technique for series resonant-based induction cooking system.     

基于能量采集模块的智能型无功补偿控制器

通过对目前市场上低压无功补偿控制器比较和分析,提出了一种基于电表专用能量采集模块的智能型无功补偿控制器.该控制器简化了系统结构,缩短了系统软硬件设计开发周期,具有采样转换速度快、精度高和抗干扰能力强等优点.介绍了该控制器的能量采集模块、系统硬件结构、软件设计流程及其系统特点.     

行波型超声电机速度控制技术的研究

当超声电机的驱动器处于开环工作时，超声电机的转速与驱动频率之间的关系表现为时变的非线性；同时其正向和反向的速度特性也常不一致，这给超声电机的应用造成了很大的障碍。该文首先推导出行波型超声电机定子上的孤极传感器反馈电压与其转速之间的关系。据此，作者设计和制造了速度控制器。其次，针对行波型超声电机的正向和反向速度特性不一致的情况，提出一种正、反向速度平衡补偿算法，并用硬件实现了平衡补偿控制器。实验结果表明：在驱动器中添加这个速度控制器和平衡补偿控制器后，不仅使行波型超声电机的速度特性对指令电压具有非时变的线性关系，而且使它的正、反向速度特性具有良好的一致性。这一研究成果为行波型超声电机在我国的实际应用扫除了技术障碍，也为其他类型超声电机速度控制技术的研究提供了有效的途径。     

Adaptive Neuro-Wavelet Control for Switching Power Supplies

The switching power supplies can convert one level of electrical voltage into another level by switching action. They are very popular because of their high efficiency and small size. This paper proposes an adaptive neuro-wavelet (ANW) control system for the switching power supplies. In the ANW control system, a neural controller is the main controller used to mimic an ideal controller and a compensated controller is designed to recover the residual of the approximation error. In this study, an online adaptive law with a variable optimal learning-rate is derived based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, so that not only the stability of the system can be guaranteed but also the convergence of controller parameters can be speeded up. Then, the proposed ANW control system is applied to control a forward switching power supply. Experimental results show that the proposed ANW controller can achieve favorable regulation performance for the switching power supply even under input voltage and load resistance variations     

基于dSPACE的单相并网逆变器控制策略研究

针对电压畸变导致并网电流谐波含量较高的问题,文中提出准比例谐振控制与电压前馈相结合的控制策略。结合准比例谐振控制器在谐振频率处增益无穷大的特点,减小并网电流稳态误差,并引入电压前馈消除电压对系统影响,达到了改善并网电流质量的目的。文中分析了单相并网逆变器数学模型,通过闭环控制来抑制因电压畸变产生的并网电流谐波分量,同时采用控制变量法设定准比例谐振控制器参数,分析准比例谐振控制器参数对系统性能的影响。最后建立MATLAB/Simulink仿真模型并搭建dSPACE-DS1104半实物仿真平台,通过不同策略下的仿真与实验验证了所提策略的有效性。     

Damping of Torsional Vibrations in Two-Mass System Using Adaptive Sliding Neuro-Fuzzy Approach

In this paper, a new robust control system with the adaptive sliding neuro-fuzzy speed controller for the drive system with the flexible joint is proposed. A model reference adaptive control structure (MRAC) is used in this drive system. The torsional vibrations are successfully suppressed in the control structure with only one basic feedback from the motor speed. The damping ability of the proposed system has been confirmed for a wide range of the system parameters and compared with the other control concepts, like the adaptive Pi-type neuro-fuzzy controller and the classical cascade PI structure.