共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
生物质颗粒孔隙结构在热解过程中的变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用氮气等温吸附/脱附法(-196℃)和扫描电镜(SEM)等研究了热解过程中生物质颗粒孔隙结构的演化规律,并用分形维数来描述焦颗粒内部孔隙表面形态的复杂程度。结果表明,热解温度对生物质焦的孔结构和表面形态有显著影响。热解过程中孔网络结构在发生演变,孔的形状发生了一定变化,且孔径有先变小后变大的趋势。高温导致焦颗粒发生塑性变形,使得孔隙扩大和孔表面更加光滑。随着温度的升高,生物质焦的BET比表面积先增大后减小,500℃以前,孔容积的变化规律与比表面积相近。通过分形FHH方程回归得到的分形维数能较好地表征颗粒内部孔隙表面的分形特征。其分形特征与热解温度密切相关,分形维数的变化与BET比表面积有一定关联。 相似文献
2.
谷壳热解过程中颗粒孔隙结构分形特性 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
由于颗粒相本身的复杂特性,因此研究者多是对生物质颗粒定性或就某一方面进行描述。借助分形理论可以对颗粒物理结构进行全面而精确的表征。本文利用分形BET方程,基于非线性最小二乘法,提出一种新的分形维数计算途径。该方法是根据多层吸附理论,对氮气等温吸附/脱附法测定的数据分析,直接获得表征整个吸附范围的颗粒分形维数,同时回归得到吸附过程中的吸附层数。分析表明,该方法计算得到的分形维数在数学层面上可以很好地表征颗粒内部微孔特征,同时通过对计算得到的吸附层数分析发现该计算结论也能被多层吸附理论解释,表明该方法在物理层面上也符合实际情况。利用该方法计算得到谷壳在快速热解条件下焦颗粒分形维数的变化。 相似文献
3.
4.
水蒸气等温吸附表征水泥基材料孔隙结构 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用水胶比0.45的净浆、砂浆和混凝土材料,以水蒸气等温吸附法和压汞法为试验方法,以GAB吸附模型为数据分析手段,通过等温吸附曲线、脱附曲线、滞回曲线和孔隙分布,研究使用水蒸气等温吸附法表征水泥基材料的孔隙结构。研究结果表明:骨料对水泥基材料的水蒸气等温吸附曲线几乎没有影响;水泥基材料吸附/脱附滞回曲线出现在整个湿度区域,并在湿度为80%达到最大值;考虑表面吸附层能够提高水蒸气等温吸附计算的孔隙分布精度;水蒸气等温吸附法得到的孔隙率和比表面积与压汞法得到的数值具有正相关性;微孔(r<3nm)中能量不稳定和显孔(r>3nm)中墨水瓶效应是水蒸气等温吸附过程滞回现象的主要原因。 相似文献
5.
采用热力工况与实际煤粉炉相近的沉降炉实验装置,制备了不同环境气氛下(O2/N2及O2/CO2气氛)、不同燃尽率的煤焦试样,并采用低温氮吸附仪和扫描电子显微镜测定了其孔隙结构和表面形貌.结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,相同O2浓度的O2/CO2气氛下煤焦的燃烧速率较慢、燃尽率较低,各试样的孔比表面积和比孔容积均较小.两种气氛下燃尽过程孔结构参数(SBET和VBJH)均呈减小趋势,且在孔径变化较明显的区域内(<5 nm)在CO2气氛下煤焦的孔径分布较小且与煤种相关.SEM图像显示CO2气氛下的煤焦表面致密,孔隙较少,其定性结果与N2吸附法的定量测量结果吻合较好. 相似文献
6.
采用热力工况与实际煤粉炉相近的沉降炉实验装置,制备了不同环境气氛下(O2/N2及O2/CO2气氛)、不同燃尽率的煤焦试样,并采用低温氮吸附仪和扫描电子显微镜测定了其孔隙结构和表面形貌。结果表明,在相同的操作条件下,相同O2浓度的O2/CO2气氛下煤焦的燃烧速率较慢、燃尽率较低,各试样的孔比表面积和比孔容积均较小。两种气氛下燃尽过程孔结构参数(SBET和VBJH)均呈减小趋势,且在孔径变化较明显的区域内(<5 nm)在CO2气氛下煤焦的孔径分布较小且与煤种相关。SEM图像显示CO2气氛下的煤焦表面致密,孔隙较少,其定性结果与N2吸附法的定量测量结果吻合较好。 相似文献
7.
混煤热解过程中的表面形态 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以管式电炉为热解室,改变热解终温,在惰性气氛下对无烟煤与烟煤的混煤进行快速加热条件下的热解。采用低温氮气吸附方法研究混煤焦表面形态的变化规律。通过对吸附等温线的分析,表明煤焦具有连续、完整的孔隙结构,无定形孔的存在使得吸附迴线存在不闭合的状态。随着热解终温的升高,混煤焦的比表面积先增加后减小;随着烟煤掺混比例的增加,混煤焦的微孔容积和表面积也先增加后减小,A1B2混煤焦具有最大微孔容积和表面积。对煤焦孔隙的分形研究发现煤焦孔隙分形维数与微孔结构关系密切。混煤焦表面形态的变化规律体现了混煤热解的独立性以及相互作用。 相似文献
8.
通过氮气等温吸附/脱附法(-196℃)、压汞法(414 MPa)、SEM等详细研究了在高速热解条件下谷壳的物理结构的演化。在热解的不同阶段,颗粒外表面特征明显不同。通过SEM测定发现,在热解中期颗粒表面孔结构明显增多,同时可以清晰地看到孔隙内表面粗糙且非规则结构。利用等温吸附/脱附法测定在高速热解过程中颗粒内微孔(micropore)演化特征,发现当热解反应率Rp等于0.8时,微孔增加速率最大。由压汞法测定得到的大孔(macropore)演化规律与微孔不太一致,在反应初期颗粒会发生强烈收缩现象,真密度增加很快,随着反应进行,颗粒的真密度基本保持恒定。 相似文献
9.
利用氮等温吸附脱附法研究了燃烧过程对油页岩半焦和锯末混合物表面孔隙结构特性的影响,并应用分形维数来定量描述混合物表面形态的复杂程度。结果表明:混合物各个孔径范围内的孔体积较半焦明显减少,在失水段尤为明显,燃烧前期表面孔隙以中微孔为主,后期以中大孔和大孔为主;混合物的中微孔结构在挥发分燃烧阶段得到充分发展,比表面积在显著增大,对反应进程具有促进作用。通过FHH方程线性回归得到的分形维数反映出混合物内部孔隙的立体化程度比半焦更高,燃烧阶段化学反应及力学作用的交替影响,引起分形维数随温度而变化。 相似文献
10.
对生物质气化过程的研究通常着眼于对气相组分分析,而很少对颗粒相的演化进行探讨。本文通过氮气等温吸附/脱附法(-196℃)、压汞法(414 MPa)、真密度仪(He)等详细研究了在气化条件下谷壳的物理结构的演化,同时利用元素分析和傅里叶红外对颗粒化学结构进行分析。结果表明,在气化的不同阶段,颗粒内孔的结构发生改变。BET比表面积在反应开始时增加缓慢,当反应率达到0.6以后其增加速度明显加快。由压汞法测定得到的大孔(macropore)演化规律与微孔不太一致,在反应初期大孔所占比例较高,随气化进行,这一比例快速下降,但大孔的绝对数量还是在一直增加。通过比较真密度仪和压汞法测定的结果发现,颗粒真密度与视密度变化正好相反。元素分析结果表明,在气化过程中O、H、N、S的变化规律各不相同。而红外分析也表明随反应率增加,颗粒表面上的OH、CO、CH以及Ar—H等基团快速消失。 相似文献
11.
N. Passe-Coutrin S. Altenor D. Cossement C. Jean-Marius S. Gaspard 《Microporous and mesoporous materials》2008,111(1-3):517-522
The empirical linear relationship between the BET surface area SBET and the Freundlich constant KF, calculated from nitrogen adsorption isotherms of activated carbons, SBET = a0KF is mathematically demonstrated. This correlation exists in the relative pressure domain in which the BET equation is valid, whatever the value of c for the BET equation and for values of the Freundlich exponent, , between 0 and 0.2. This study allows to determine the correlation factor a0 = 1/a with . From this result, a new expression, depending of and KF, can be deduced for calculating the specific surface area. 相似文献
12.
Adsorption isotherms in bleaching hazelnut oil 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Yuksel Bayrak 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2003,80(11):1143-1146
Adsorption isotherms in bleaching hazelnut oil were determined to investigate the applicability of the Langmuir and Freundlich
equations and to elucidate the adsorption characteristics of oil on bentonite EY-09 (Bensan Co. Ltd., Edirne, Turkey). The
degree of bleaching was monitored spectrophotometrically. Absorbance measurements were carried out to investigate the adsorption
force of clay during bleaching of hazelnut oil with 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 wt% clay at 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90°C. Bentonite
EY-09 was used as the bleaching clay (adsorbent). Plots of log(x/m) vs. log X
e
(for the Freundlich isotherm) and X
e
/(x/m) vs. X
e
(for the Langmuir isomtherm) were made (where x is the amount of pigment removed per unit mass of the adsorbent, m, and X
e
is the equilibrium concentration of the pigment). The Freundlich constants were found to increase with temperature for a
given oil/bleaching agent ratio, showing the formation of more active sites on the adsorbent with a rise in temperature. Since
the heat evolved during adsorption (0.32–1.03 kJ mol−1) was less than 20 kJ mol−1, the forces between the adsorbent and adsorbate appeared to be van der Waals forces. This type of adsorption is defined as
physical or van der Waals adsorption. The results obtained show good agreement with the Freundlich isotherm, indicating that
the adsorption of the pigment from the oil proceeds by monolayer formation on the surface of the adsorbent. 相似文献
13.
多孔介质内孔表面的分形表征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过对多孔介质全吸附过程的分析.在脱附过程自由能平衡的基础上.结合分形几何理论,推导了利用脱附数据计算多孔介质内孔表面分形维数的脱附分维标度关系式.实验及计算结果表明该标度关系式可靠.数据处理也比较简便. 相似文献
14.
石墨基浸金属多孔材料微观孔隙结构及其分形特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为定量描述石墨基浸渍金属材料的孔隙结构特征并研究其对浸渍过程的影响规律,在石墨基多孔材料孔隙形成机理研究的基础上,分析形成浸不透孔洞的原因,并运用分形理论对孔隙结构特征进行了描述. 研究表明,石墨基浸渍金属多孔材料的孔隙结构具有典型的分形特征,其基体、孔隙、浸渍金属分形维数分别为1.80~1.85, 1.55~1.65, 1.50~1.55,未浸渍区域的分形维数为1.42~1.60,孔隙率为17.25%~24.85%. 分形维数反映了孔隙结构的非均质性,与采用压汞实验获得的孔隙率变化规律有较好的一致性,证明可用分形维数表征石墨基浸金属材料的孔隙率. 相似文献
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Electrochemical process for metal recovery from iodized silver derivatives in liquid/solid mixture: Experimental and theoretical approaches 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This work examines the electrochemical behavior of “iodized silver derivatives,” pure or adsorbed on solid industrial wastes, in order to devise an electrochemical process for metal recovery from matrices containing these species. Voltammetric, coulometric and adsorption measurements were used to determine the reduction mechanism of silver derivatives at the electrode and to propose a reaction rate law depending on operating conditions.Mass balances and electrical balances of electrolyses of aqueous suspensions of solid wastes led to a better understanding and to the optimization of the overall electrochemical process of silver recovery. Comparison of experimental and theoretical results indicates the feasibility of the process proposed. 相似文献
17.
将分形和分数维概念用于碱矿渣水泥硬化体中微孔结构的研究,并通过对压汞仪测定孔结构(mercury intrusion porosimetry)测试数据的分析证明:碱矿渣水泥硬化体中微孔结构具有分形特征,其容积分数维越大,微孔占有空间的结构越复杂.因此,该方法为水泥硬化体中微孔结构的研究提供了一种新方法. 相似文献
18.
The removal of copper ions from wastewater by ion exchange has been studied using an iminodiacetate resin.The capacity of the resin for the copper ions has been determined to be 2.30 mmol·g~(-1) by measuring the equilibrium isotherm at 25 °C and initial pH value of 3.5 where the final equilibrium p H value is 5. An analysis of equilibrium isotherm models showed that the best fit model was the Langmuir–Freundlich. The kinetics of the ion exchange process have been investigated and four kinetic models have been tested namely: Ritchie model, pseudo-second order model, pseudo-first order model and the Elovich model. The pseudo-second order model provides the best fit to the kinetic data. 相似文献
19.
《分离科学与技术》2012,47(1):153-163
Abstract Organic plasticizers were added to plastics to improve flow and reduce brittleness by lowering the glass transition temperature. The amount of plasticizer added to the base resin determined its efficiency in bringing about these desired changes in properties. Analytical gel permeation chrornatography (GPC) was utilized to quantitatively determine the amount of organic plasticizers in poly(styrene) mixtures. The internal standard method was applied to the determination of triethyleneglycol-dibenzoate and tricyclohexylcitrate over the concentration range of 5.0 to 30.0 wt% in poly(styrene). Linear calibration curves and excellent precision between measurements was demonstrated over the concentration range investigated. GPC analysis has the advantage over spectrophoto-metric techniques in its ability to separate low molecular weight plasticizers: from higher molecular weight resins. In addition to the potential of making quantitative measurements from the detected peak, the associated material can be separated from the polymer, collected, and separately analyzed by UV or IR techniques. 相似文献