静电纺丝制备蛋清蛋白/聚氧化乙烯纳米纤维

本研究采用去离子水为溶剂,以蛋清蛋白与聚氧化乙烯（PEO）混合进行静电纺丝制备纳米纤维,采用扫描电镜表征了蛋清蛋白/PEO纳米纤维的形貌特征,探究了溶液质量分数以及纺丝工艺参数对蛋清蛋白/PEO纤维形貌的影响,并采用元素分析测试表征了纤维的元素组成成分。实验结果表明,蛋清在质量分数20%~80%之间表现出可纺性,蛋清质量分数50%的纺丝溶液进行纺丝,在纺丝电压25kV、纺丝距离16cm、挤出速度0.2mL/h的条件下,可纺性最好,制备的纤维无珠串平均直径为389nm,且纳米纤维中11.02%为氮元素,说明蛋清中的蛋白质成功转化为了纳米纤维。蛋清蛋白具有生物友好、可降解、来源广泛等优点,本研究成功实现了蛋清蛋白纳米纤维绿色制造,为其在生物医药、电池催化等领域的应用提供了基础。     

柞蚕丝丝素/壳聚糖共混体系的静电纺丝研究

利用六氟异丙醇和三氟乙酸为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备了不同共混比的柞蚕丝丝素(TSF)/壳聚糖(CS)纳米纤维。研究了TSF/CS共混比对纺丝液黏度、电导率和纤维形貌的影响。结果表明,TSF/CS共混液的电导率随CS含量的增加而增加;随着CS含量的增加(≤15%),共混液的黏度增加缓慢,纤维由转曲的扁平带状逐渐变为圆柱形且直径逐渐降低;当CS含量超过15%时,共混液的黏度随CS含量的增加而显著增大,纤维出现粗细两极分化现象。     

丝素/聚乳酸静电纺丝的研究

以具有一定生物活性、细胞黏附性能好的丝素蛋白与降解性能优良的聚乳酸复合,以静电纺丝方法形成20%丝素与80%聚乳酸的丝素/聚乳酸共混纤维非织造网。通过扫描电子显微镜研究其形态,X-射线衍射、红外光谱等分析研究其聚集态结构变化。研究表明:丝素/聚乳酸静电纺的纤维直径与电压、接收距离大小和后处理方法有关;不同后处理方法对丝素/聚乳酸静电纺纤维的结晶结构有较大影响。     

在静电纺丝技术中的工艺进展

针对目前国内静电纺丝技术存在的问题及其改进研究现状,主要就工艺改进进行了系统的归纳总结。     

静电纺丝工艺参数对丝素/壳聚糖纳米纤维的形貌及直径的影响

以98%的甲酸为溶剂,不同质量分数的再生丝素溶液和3.5%的壳聚糖溶液以质量比70:30共混静电纺丝。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了丝素质量分数、电压和极距(喷丝口到收集装置的距离)对丝素/壳聚糖纳米纤维的形貌及直径的影响。正交试验结果表明:在丝素/壳聚糖溶液静电纺丝的工艺参数中,对纤维平均直径的影响因素由大到小依次为丝素质量分数、电压、极距。单因素试验表明:丝素/壳聚糖纳米纤维的平均直径及其分布范围随丝素质量分数的增加而增大;在15￣30kV范围内纤维的平均直径随电压增大而减小;当极距大于12cm时,对纤维直径影响不大。最佳工艺条件为:丝素质量分数13%,电压30kV,极距为12cm,制得的纳米纤维平均直径104nm。     

静电纺丝法制备丝素蛋白/季铵盐壳聚糖复合纤维支架

将丝素蛋白(SF)水溶液和季铵盐壳聚糖(HACC)水溶液以100∶0、99∶1、98∶2和97∶3的溶质比共混作为纺丝液,测试了其质量分数为30%时的表面张力和电导率,并通过应力控制流变仪对其静态剪切和动态剪切作用下的流变性能进行了分析。采用静电纺丝技术制备出静电纺SF/HACC复合纤维支架,通过扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行表征。结果表明,随着HACC含量的增加,纺丝液的黏度和电导率逐步提升;HACC能促进纺丝液的凝胶化;得到的静电纺纤维支架有着较均一的形貌,纤维较扁平,在组织工程修复领域具有良好的应用前景。     

PVA静电纺丝工艺优化研究

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原料、去离子水为溶剂,通过静电纺丝制备PVA纳米纤维膜,利用正交实验探讨静电纺丝过程中纺丝液PVA浓度、纺丝距离、纺丝电压和注射速度对PVA纳米纤维膜形貌及纤维直径的影响,得出制备纤维膜的较佳工艺条件,并分析了纺丝液PVA浓度对纤维膜的力学性能和亲水性能的影响。结果表明：随着纺丝液PVA浓度的增加,PVA纤维的直径逐步变小,直径分布变窄;当纺丝液PVA质量分数为7%、纺丝电压为14 kV、纺丝距离为14 cm、注射速度为0.5 mL/h时,纤维膜的纤维直径最小,为203 nm;正交实验中PVA浓度、纺丝电压、纺丝距离、注射速度4个因素的极差值分别为87.00,49.67,18.33,11.67;纺丝液PVA质量分数从5%增加到7%,纤维膜的断裂强度从2.21 MPa提高至2.81 MPa,断裂伸长率从31.63%提高至56.39%,水接触角从37.7°提高至48.7°。     

再生丝素蛋白-羟丙基壳聚糖静电纺纤维毡的研究

采用静电纺丝方法制备了再生丝素蛋白-羟丙基壳聚糖初生纤维毡并对其进行了乙醇后处理。通过扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射及各种性能分析手段研究了初生纤维毡和（或）后处理纤维毡的结构与性能。研究发现：随着羟丙基壳聚糖含量的增多,初生纤维毡中的纤维直径总体有减小的趋势,形貌由圆柱形纤维居多逐渐变成扁带状纤维居多,但仍以无规卷曲/α-螺旋构象和无定形结构为主,而后处理纤维毡的β-折叠构象含量、结晶度和力学性能均呈现先提高后下降的趋势,细胞增殖活性则逐渐增大,生物相容性随之提高。     

热熔处理对壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇静电纺丝纳米纤维膜力学性能的影响

静电纺丝方法制备的纳米纤维膜的强度主要来源于其纤维间的缠接,因此强度较低。对壳聚糖(CS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)纳米纤维膜采用了热熔处理的方法,使纳米纤维之间发生热熔,研究了热熔处理对纳米纤维微观结构、力学性能和亲水性能的影响。扫描电镜结果显示,热熔处理后的纳米纤维间出现熔接的现象,同时伴有部分纤维的断裂。力学性能测试表明,热熔处理能够提高纳米纤维膜的力学性能,热熔温度为100℃时,纳米纤维膜的力学性能提升最高。水接触角测试表明,热熔处理会使得纤维结构更为致密,导致其水接触角增大;XRD和FT-IR测试表明,热熔处理在增大纳米纤维膜结晶性的同时,未明显改变纳米纤维膜的化学结构。     

共混聚合物体系的静电纺丝及其混容性研究

分别将聚醚砜酮(PPESK)/聚苯乙烯(PS)不相容体系溶于N,N-二甲基乙酰胺或N-甲基吡咯烷酮与四氢呋喃的混合溶剂,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚丙烯酸甲酯(PMA)相容体系溶于丁酮,搅拌得到聚合物共混溶液进行静电纺丝和浇铸成膜。研究了浇铸膜与电纺纤维膜的微观结构与力学性能。结果表明:静电纺丝改善了不相容体系的混容性,而未改变相容体系的混容性;溶剂对电纺纤维的微观结构以及力学性能有所影响。     

Preparation of manganese oxide–polyethylene oxide hybrid nanofibers through in situ electrospinning

Manganese oxide nanoparticles–polyethylene oxide nanofibers as organic–inorganic hybrid were prepared via in situ electrospinning. Thus, electrospinning of polyethylene oxide solution with different manganese chloride concentration was carried out in gaseous ammonia atmosphere containing oxygen. The reaction of manganese chloride with ammonia produces manganese hydroxide, and then oxygen in the reaction media reacts with manganese hydroxide to yield manganese oxide. These two reactions occur during fiber formation. Transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that manganese oxide (MnO₂) nanoparticles were formed on the produced nanofibers of 100–600 nm in diameter. The existence of the formed MnO₂ was also proved by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and it showed that the λ‐MnO₂ nanoparticles were produced. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to determine the melting point and to calculate the crystallinity of the produced hybrid nanofibers. The DSC and thermogravimetric analysis results of the obtained nanofibers were compared with those of the nanofibers produced in electrospinning of pure polyethylene oxide solution. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Study on the preparation of hyperbranched polyethylene fibers and hyperbranched polyethylene composite fibers via electrospinning

This contribution mainly studied the preparation of hyperbranched polyethylene (HBPE) fibers and HBPE/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite fibers via electrospinning for the first time. Firstly, the effects of solvents, solution concentration, voltage, and rotating speed of collector on the morphology of HBPE fibers were studied. Among the factors, solvent type, concentration, and voltage showed notable influence on the morphology of HBPE fibers. HBPE has an excellent dispersion effect on CNT in organic solvents. Through ultrasonic dispersion, the HBPE solutions with dispersed MWCNT were obtained. Then HBPE/MWCNT composite fibers were obtained with different contents of MWCNT via electrospinning. The effects of voltage and working distance on the morphology of HBPE/MWCNT composite fibers were investigated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42517.     

静电纺丝制备MWNTs/PVA/PEO复合超细纤维

采用硝酸对多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)进行纯化处理,利用表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)或聚乙烯醇(PVA)对纯化后的MWNTs进行了表面修饰,将修饰后的MWNTs添加到PVA和聚氧化乙烯(PEO)共混水溶液中,通过静电纺丝制备了MWNTs/PVA/PEO复合超细纤维。结果表明:PVA修饰的MWNTs比SDS修饰的MWNTs在PVA/PEO纺丝液中有更好的分散稳定性。随MWNTs添加量的增加,纤维的平均直径减小;当添加PVA修饰的MWNTs质量分数为0.53%时,纤维平均直径达368 nm,且纤维表面光滑、分布均匀。     

聚氧化乙烯/海藻酸钠/羟丙基-癸烷基壳聚糖网络凝胶的制备及其对三七总皂苷的体外释放性能研究

将壳聚糖改性成两亲性的羟丙基-癸烷基壳聚糖,并通过化学交联方法制备了聚氧化乙烯/海藻酸钠/羟丙基-癸烷基壳聚糖载药网络凝胶。利用傅利叶变换红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜对凝胶结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,该凝胶具有良好的网状结构和溶胀性,同时兼具p H敏感性和温度敏感性,在不同p H环境中均对三七总皂苷具有一定的缓释作用。     

Miscibility study of chitosan/polyethylene glycol fumarate blends in dilute solutions

Solution miscibility of chitosan/polyethylene glycol fumarate blends dissolved in acetate buffer solution was investigated in different blend compositions by viscosity, density, and refractive index measurement techniques at 30, 40, and 50°C. In order to quantify the miscibility of the polymer pair, degree of miscibility was studied by means of two criteria known as interaction parameters i.e., μ and α. On the basis of the sign convention involved in these criteria, these values revealed that the blend solution was miscible when the chitosan content was more than 80% (w/w) of the composition. The results were confirmed by density, and refractive index measurements. Furthermore, the results showed that the miscibility window of chitosan/polyethylene glycol fumarate blends was independent with respect to the changes in solution temperature. Therefore, these results suggested due to intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction between amino and hydroxy groups of chitosan and hydroxy groups of polyethylene glycol fumarate which play an important role in the formation of miscible phase. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

烷基化壳聚糖/多巴胺/氧化石墨烯粉末用于快速止血

壳聚糖（CS）及其衍生物价廉易得,止血性及生物相容性良好,广泛应用于抗菌、止血等材料的开发。使用十二醛对CS进行N-烷基化改性制备烷基化壳聚糖（N-CS）,并在乙酸溶液中将N-CS嵌入到多巴胺修饰的氧化石墨烯（DGO）骨架中制备新型的止血粉末（N-CS/DGO）。FTIR,SEM和BET等表明N-CS/DGO止血粉末表面含有大量的活性基团,且具有优异的亲水性,大比表面积以及丰富的孔结构。DGO占比为15%具有最佳止血潜力,此时材料的吸水率为430%,降解速度适宜,五周达到88%,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈分别为1.92 mm、1.98 mm,具备一定抑菌能力,凝血指数达到最小值32%,体外凝血时间缩短至126±6 s,这些都表明N-CS/DGO材料具备止血方面的潜力。     

Preparation of chitosan bicomponent nanofibers filled with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles via electrospinning

Chitosan (CS) bicomponent nanofibers with an average diameter controlled from 100 to 50 nm were successfully prepared by electrospinning of CS and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blend solution. Finer fibers and more efficient fiber formations were observed with increased PVA contents. On this contribution, a uniform and ultrafine nanofibrous CS bicomponent mats filled with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were successfully electrospun in a well devised condition. An increase in the contents of HA nanoparticles caused the conductivity of the blend solution to increase from 1.06 mS/cm (0 wt % HA) to 2.27 mS/cm (0.5 wt % HA), 2.35 mS/cm (1.0 wt % HA), respectively, and the average diameter of the composite fibers to decrease from 59 ± 10 nm(0 wt % HA) to 49 ± 10 nm (0.5 wt % HA), 46 ± 10 nm (1.0 wt % HA), respectively. SEM images showed that some particles had filled in the nanofibers whereas the others had dispersed on the surface of fibers, and EDXA results indicated that both the nanoparticles filled in the nanofibers and those adhered to the fibers were HA particles. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanofibers obtained by electrospinning

Chitosan is a natural polymer with both antimicrobial activity and nanofiber‐forming capability. The electrospinning technique allows the production of chitosan nanofibers but still faces several problems such as the small number of suitable solvents for the process and the large number of factors affecting quality and production of the nanofibers, among others. The antimicrobial properties of chitosan nanofibers have been little studied; therefore, the most probable mechanism of action and the effect of the conformation or arrangement of the molecules in the nanofibers remain unknown. The presence of residual solvent in the materials is one factor that has complicated the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanofibers. The research in this area will be very important for the future of these materials. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

静电纺丝的技术进展

简述了静电纺丝的原理、装置及发展历程;比较了溶剂静电纺丝法和熔融静电纺丝法;介绍了静电纺丝法的技术进展。指出在熔融型静电纺丝法的研究中,开发了具有激光加热部的熔融型静电纺丝装置,进一步突破了纳米纤维的制造技术。随着纳米技术的不断发展,静电纺丝法制造的纳米纤维应用广泛,其发展前景看好。