耐盐复合型高吸水树脂的制备及性能研究

以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为聚合单体,亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,过硫酸钾(KPS)和亚硫酸氢钠(SBS)为复合引发剂,并加入氧化石墨烯(Go),采用水溶液聚合法合成了一种具有良好耐盐性的复合型高吸水树脂(SAP).讨论了温度、中和度、单...     

高吸水树脂的吸水机理及吸盐性的改进

介绍了高吸水树脂的结构和性能。从热力学角度阐述了高吸水树脂的吸水机理,分析了高吸水树脂吸盐性能的影响因素,总结了改进耐盐性的几种方法。简要介绍了高吸水树脂的发展和应用。     

淀粉-丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合吸水树脂的制备及性能

淀粉用环氧氯丙烷进行预交联,与丙烯酸接枝共聚,生成淀粉-丙烯酸共聚物;再与聚丙烯酰胺聚合,制备淀粉-丙烯酸/聚丙烯酰胺复合高吸水树脂。考察了淀粉用量、引发剂及交联剂对吸水倍率的影响。结果表明,当淀粉用量取2.5 g,复合引发剂取0.02 mmol,交联剂取0.1%时,吸水倍率最大;吸水速率20 min内达到吸水溶胀平衡。     

丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水树脂溶液共聚与吸液性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,采用水溶液聚合对丙烯酸-丙烯酸胺(PAAAM)高吸水树脂的合成条件进行了优化。结果表明,在室温下最大吸蒸馏水倍率为2710g/g,在w(NaCl)=0.9%的水溶液中吸水倍率为133g/g。考察了单体质量分数、交联剂质量分数以及引发剂质量分数对PAAAM在蒸馏水及w(NaCl)=0.9%溶液中吸液性能的影响,并对实验结果进行了回归分析。     

高吸水树脂的吸水机理及其在农业上的应用

本文分析了高吸水树脂的结构,探讨了Flory的相关理论,研究了吸盐水倍率较吸纯水倍率急剧下降的原因,介绍了高吸水树脂的吸水在农业上的应用。     

复配成孔剂对高吸水树脂吸液性能的影响

以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯为分散剂,碳酸氢钠与丙酮为复配成孔剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法制备了AA/AM/AMPS多孔型高吸水树脂,并研究了成孔剂种类、复配成孔剂配比、水与环己烷质量比(简称水油比)、中和度、交联剂用量对高吸水树脂吸液性能的影响。结果表明:在水油比为1.0∶2.5,中和度为73%,交联剂用量为0.3%(w),碳酸氢钠与丙酮质量比为1.0∶1.5时,高吸水树脂的吸水倍率和吸盐倍率达到最高,分别为1732.5,142.9 g/g,且具有较好的保水性能。     

高吸水树脂产品吸水保水性能测试方法综述

介绍了表征高吸水树脂性能的重要指标：吸液（水）率、吸液（水）速率、保水率;综述了这3项指标的各种测试方法：自然过滤法、茶叶袋法测定吸液（水）率与吸液（水）速率,在加压、加热、自然条件下测定保水率等;最后提出建议：制定统一的标准和测定方法,以便对不同生产商产品性能进行比较。     

几种因素对葵花秸秆髓制备高吸水树脂的研究

用葵花秸秆髓与丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酰胺(AM)接枝共聚得到高吸水树脂,通过四组单因素实验选择出吸水倍率最高的吸水树腊的配方:m[单体总量(AA+AM)];m(秸秆)=7:1,m(引发剂),m(秸秆)=0.04,m(交联剂):m(秸秆)=0.008,反应温度为50℃.并通过实验测定发现该配方的老化年、接枝率、凝胶强度等性能明显优于淀粉类吸水树脂.     

高吸水树脂研究进展

综述了高吸水树脂的制备、结构及吸水机理,介绍了高吸水树脂国内外发展现状及其在各方面的应用,并提出了目前的主要研究趋势。     

聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂吸附性能

用反相悬浮聚合法合成了聚丙烯酸/丙烯酰胺高吸水性树脂(PAAAM),讨论了其吸附CuCl₂、NiCl₂、CoCl₂溶液中金属离子的性能,考察了溶液pH值和初始浓度对金属离子吸附的影响。结果表明,PAAAM在不同pH值及浓度区间,对金属离子的吸附能力有较大差异,可被用于Cu(II)、Ni(II)、Co(II)的分离。同时还探讨了PAAAM在混合金属离子溶液中的吸附性能及反复利用的可能性,发现在混合溶液中PAAAM表现出对Cu（II）有较好的选择性吸附能力;4次循环后对Cu(II)、Ni(II)、Co(II) 离子的吸附量为最大吸附量的80%以上,重复使用效果理想。     

PVA/PAA-AM共混高吸水纤维的微观结构与吸液能力

丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,在聚乙烯醇(PVA)溶液中共聚,由聚合物溶液纺丝制备高吸水纤维。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了纤维微观结构,结果表明,高吸水纤维具有微相分离结构,纤维表面形貌和横截面形状随纤维组成变化。从吸水溶胀后经液氮冷阱干燥的纤维干凝胶的SEM照片,可以观察到纤维内部存在原纤间交联网络和大量各向异性分布的长形孔洞,证实纤维具有三维网络结构并且吸收过大量的水。随AM加入量的增加,纤维的吸液能力先上升后下降, w〔AM/(AA+AM+PVA)〕=3%时,纤维吸蒸馏水倍率为 243,吸ρ(NaCl) =9g/L的盐水溶液倍率为 58。研究表明,较多的AM会导致共混结构不相容性增加,吸水能力下降。     

Absorbency and adsorption of poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) hydrogel

Poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) (PAAAM) hydrogels have been prepared from partly neutralized acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) by solution polymerization, and their absorbency and adsorption in both CuCl₂ and FeCl₃ solutions have been investigated. PAAAM hydrogels and their complexes with Cu²⁺ or Fe³⁺ have been characterized by FTIR. The absorbency of PAAAM in both CuCl₂ and FeCl₃ solutions increases initially and then decreases as the absorbing time increases. The adsorption of PAAAM in both CuCl₂ and FeCl₃ solutions can be described by the pseudo‐second order chemisorption kinetics proposed by Ho and McKay, and the equilibrium uptake of Cu²⁺ on PAAAM can well be fit with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. However, the equilibrium uptake of Fe³⁺ on PAAAM increases as the initial Fe³⁺ concentration increases for Fe³⁺ concentration smaller than 5.625 × 10^?3 mol/L, and then decreases with Fe³⁺ concentration. The largest uptakes for Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ are 247 and 173 mg/g, respectively. The results also show that the uptake of Cu²⁺ and Fe³⁺ on PAAAM increases remarkably when pH of the solution is changed from 2.3 to 4.2 and from 1.0 and 2.1, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007     

海藻酸盐树脂的制备及其吸液吸附性能研究进展

介绍了海藻酸盐树脂的制备、性能及应用,利用海藻酸的结构特点,通过添加具有功能基单体制备海藻酸盐树脂。根据制备工艺和添加原料的不同,海藻酸盐树脂有良好的吸附、吸水抗盐等性能,因而被应用于处理重金属离子废水、吸水保水缓释肥料等方面。     

Effect of concentration and pH of solutions on the absorbency of polyacrylate superabsorbents

Polyacrylate superabsorbent (PAS) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization crosslinked by N,N‐methylene bisacrylamide. The effect of pH and concentration of several solutions on absorbency (Q) of PAS was studied. The results showed that the absorbency increased at first and then decreased with the increase of the solution's pH; the summit of the absorbing curve was attained when pH was about 6.25. The relation between absorbency and pH could be represented by a quadratic equation and the square difference was relatively small. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 494–499, 2003     

不同产地坡缕石黏土对高吸水树脂吸水性能的影响

以玉米秸秆、丙烯酸、不同产地坡缕石黏土为原料合成复合高吸水树脂。通过红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热重分析来研究坡缕石黏土的结构和形态。通过红外光谱和扫描电镜对复合高吸水树脂形貌及结构进行了表征。研究了三地坡缕石黏土形态、结构及组成对高吸水树脂吸水保水性能的影响。结果显示,添加靖远坡缕石黏土的复合高吸水树脂有着最佳吸水保水性能。     

Superabsorbent polymeric materials. VI. Effect of sulfobetaine structure on swelling behavior of crosslinked poly(sodium acrylate‐co‐sulfobetaines) in aqueous salt solutions

A series of xerogels based on sodium acrylate (SA), N,N‐dimethyl(acrylamidopropyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAAPS) or dimethyl(methacryloyloxy ethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate (DMAPS), and N,N′‐methylene bisacrylamide (NMBA) was prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The water absorbencies or swelling kinetic behaviors for these xerogels in water or various saline solutions were investigated. The swelling behaviors of these absorbents were related to their chemical structures, their compositions, and the nature of external salt solutions. The water absorbencies of these two copolymeric gel series in deionized water or in various salt solutions would be improved effectively by copolymerizing SA with a small amount of zwitterionic monomer (DMAAPS or DMAPS). The water absorbency of the gel containing DMAPS is larger than that of the gel containing DMAAPS when the amount of zwitterionic monomer in the copolymeric gel is <0.8 mol %, but a contrary result is observed when the zwitterionic monomer content is >0.8 mol %. The tendency of the absorbency for these gels in dilute solution is in the order Cu²⁺ > Zn²⁺ > Co²⁺ > Ni²⁺ for CuCl₂, ZnCl₂, CoCl₂, and NiCl₂ aqueous solution, respectively. The absorbency and initial absorption rate for those gels are related with gel compositions and salt concentrations. Finally, the adsorption of cupric ion by these gels is also investigated. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1221–1232, 1999     

Superabsorbent polymeric materials VIII: Swelling behavior of crosslinked poly[sodium acrylate‐co‐trimethyl methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium iodide] in aqueous salt solutions

A series of xerogels based on sodium acrylate (SA), cationic comonomer, trimethyl methacryloyloxyethyl ammonium iodide (TMMAI), and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (NMBA) were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The water absorbency and the swelling behavior for these high absorbent polymers in deionized water and various saline solutions were investigated. Results indicated that the water absorbency for the present copolymer gel increased when a small amount of TMMAI monomer was introduced into the SA gel, then decreased with increase in TMMAI content. The water absorbency was 583 g H₂O/g for a gel sample in deionized water containing 2.5 × 10⁻³ molar fraction TMMAI. But a contrary result was observed for initial absorption rate, that is, the initial absorption rates increased with an increase of TMMAI in deionized water and 0.9 wt % NaCl solution. The absorbency in the chloride salt solution decreased with an increase in the ionic strength of the salt solution. Finally, the adsorption of copper ion by these gels was also investigated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1665–1674, 2001     

Superabsorbent polymeric materials VII: Swelling behavior of crosslinked poly[sodium acrylate‐CO‐trimethyl methacrylamido‐propyl ammonium iodide] in aqueous salt solutions

A series of xerogels based on sodium acrylate (SA), cationic comonomer trimethyl methacrylamidopropyl ammonium iodide (TMMAAI), and N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide (NMBA) were prepared by inverse suspension polymerization. The water absorbency and the swelling behavior for these highly absorbent polymers in deionized water and various saline solutions were investigated. Results indicated that the water absorbency increased when a small amount of TMMAAI monomer was introduced into the SA gel. The water absorbency decreased with increase in TMMAAI content, but the contrary result was observed for initial absorption rate. Moreover, with more crosslinking agent, the water absorbency was lower. Finally, the adsorption of copper ion by these gels was also investigated. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1749–1759, 2000