卷边加强冷弯型钢梁局部和畸变屈曲

设计时,应重点考虑冷弯型钢构件的屈曲特性及其导致的有效性损失,以保证结构的经济性。数值模型改进后,能够反映考虑几何缺陷、材料非线性特性、后屈曲性能等因素的冷弯型钢梁的真实屈曲特性。针对侧向约束下冷成型Z型钢梁,采用已有的有限元模型,研究钢梁卷边及其与受压翼缘的相互作用对后屈曲特性的影响。利用卷边翼缘宽度比以及卷边倾角,观测局部屈曲、畸变屈曲和局部/畸变屈曲相互作用下截面抗弯刚度的变化。评估了EC3中适用于冷成型Z型钢梁局部和畸变屈曲的设计方法的有效性。总体而言,采用EC3计算的截面抗弯刚度并不保守。指出其中的不足并提出改进建议,改善卷边受压翼缘的失稳系数。     

冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢轴压构件畸变与局部相关屈曲试验研究

对卷边尺寸不同的两类腹板中间设置加劲卷边槽形截面,共18个冷弯薄壁型钢固支轴压试件进行畸变屈曲与局部屈曲相关作用的静力试验研究。得到试件的屈曲模式、相关屈曲行为、破坏模式以及极限荷载。试验结果表明：畸变屈曲与局部屈曲的耦合相关对试件的变形和极限荷载有不利作用;畸变屈曲与局部屈曲的耦合相关作用存有较大的屈曲后承载力;畸变屈曲与局部屈曲的耦合相关顺序,即畸变屈曲 局部屈曲耦合相关、局部屈曲 畸变屈曲耦合相关,对试件的变形、非线性平衡路径、破坏模式以及极限荷载的影响有所不同。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对试件进行模拟分析,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

蜂窝钢梁屈曲模型的相互影响

基于侧扭屈曲模型,采用三维非线性有限元法,考虑初始几何缺陷和材料非线性,研究普通和高强蜂窝钢梁的性能。通过不同跨度和横截面的蜂窝梁试验,对模型进行验证。研究了蜂窝钢梁的破坏荷载、屈曲模型间的相互影响、荷载-侧移曲线。采用有限元模型进行参数分析,研究横截面尺寸、梁长、型钢强度对蜂窝钢梁承载力和屈曲性能的影响。腹板的畸变屈曲较大地降低了细长蜂窝钢梁的承载力。将有限元分析得到的侧扭屈曲下钢梁破坏荷载与澳大利亚规范进行比较,结果表明:规范对侧扭屈曲下普通蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析偏保守,对腹板屈曲下蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析较合理,而对侧扭屈曲下高强蜂窝钢梁的破坏分析非常保守。     

设加劲肋防止畸变屈曲卷边Z型钢梁的性能研究

采用设置加劲肋的方法控制冷弯薄壁卷边Z型钢梁在均布荷载作用下的畸变屈曲,应用有限元软件ABAQUS分别对4种带有加劲肋不同卷边角度的冷弯薄壁卷边Z型钢梁进行分析。综合考虑屈曲荷载的提升程度和用钢量,给出最佳加劲肋形式。研究结果表明卷边角度越小,加劲肋加固效果越好。     

非弹性屈曲下蜂窝钢梁的弯矩梯度因子

蜂窝钢梁的抗弯承载力受局部和整体失稳影响。使用有限元法研究混合屈曲模式下蜂窝钢梁的非弹性性能,建立一个考虑弯扭或畸变屈曲和横截面局部化变形之间相互作用的三维的非线性有限元模型,并根据现有研究文献中的可用结果进行验证。研究包括受三种不同荷载(跨中荷载、均布荷载和端弯矩)作用的简支梁,通过参数分析,从而评估不同几何参数对蜂窝钢梁非弹性稳定性的影响。这些参数包括钢梁横截面尺寸、翼缘宽度和厚度、腹板高度和厚度、开孔的形状和间距。介绍模拟研究中考虑各种尺寸的不同屈曲模式所对应的弯矩梯度因子。研究结果有望帮助更深入地研究蜂窝钢梁的性能,并准确预测弯矩梯度因子和这种特殊钢梁的抗弯承载力。     

冷弯型钢受弯构件局部屈曲滞回性能分析

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件局部屈曲滞回性能,采用有限元软件Abaqus的塑性壳单元建立了有限元滞回分析模型,考虑了几何和材料非线性,通过与试验结果比较表明有限元模型是正确可行的.采用有限元模型对CUFSM软件所选取腹板宽厚比为210、230、250的三种冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回性能进行分析.结果表明随着腹板宽厚比的增加,构件的极限承载力逐渐减少、延性逐渐降低、刚度退化一致且较快.研究结果对冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件的工程应用以及钢结构抗震设计规范具有一定的参考作用.     

冷弯型钢受弯构件局部屈曲滞回性能分析

为研究冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件局部屈曲滞回性能,采用有限元软件Abaqus的塑性壳单元建立了有限元滞回分析模型,考虑了几何和材料非线性,通过与试验结果比较表明有限元模型是正确可行的.采用有限元模型对CUFSM软件所选取腹板宽厚比为210、230、250的三种冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回性能进行分析.结果表明随着腹板宽厚比的增加,构件的极限承载力逐渐减少、延性逐渐降低、刚度退化一致且较快.研究结果对冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面受弯构件的工程应用以及钢结构抗震设计规范具有一定的参考作用.     

I型组合梁截面的局部与整体相关屈曲

在弯扭失稳(LTB)和受压翼缘局部失稳(FLB)2种极限状态下,根据钢结构规范(AISCLRFD360-10)得到的具有紧密腹板且没有紧密翼缘或细长翼缘的I型梁截面的名义受弯承载力可能偏低。该方法的主要假设是LTB和FLB是2个独立的状态,之间无相互作用。本文采用ABAQUS建立三维有限元模型对没有紧密翼缘或细长翼缘的I型梁进行非线性分析。通过估算具有不同翼缘长细比的局部屈曲的I型组合钢梁的抗弯承载力,以验证AISC-LRFD方法的适用性。研究发现整体和局部屈曲能力相差加大,故应考虑FLB和LTB之间的相关屈曲作用;对本文给出的梁还应考虑其局部屈曲后性能。     

高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能研究

建立了考虑材料和几何双重非线性的550MPa高强冷弯薄壁型钢卷边槽形截面轴压构件畸变屈曲性能分析的有限元模型,并通过对两种厚度高强冷弯薄壁型钢轴压构件畸变屈曲试验已有结果的分析比较验证了其有效性;采用该模型进一步分析了厚度、长度、初始缺陷模式及幅值等参数对畸变屈曲轴压构件承载力的影响,并对轴压构件畸变屈曲发生机理进行了探讨。结果表明：厚度、长度和初始缺陷模式是影响畸变屈曲轴压构件承载力的主要因素,且卷边面内屈曲是槽形截面轴压构件发生畸变屈曲的主要原因。通过理论计算与试验结果的对比分析,表明可以采用建议方法计算此类复杂截面轴压构件的畸变屈曲承载力。     

卷边槽钢的局部相关屈曲和畸变屈曲

冷弯卷边槽钢的局部屈曲不仅具有相关性,并且有两种可能形式,即一般意义的局部屈曲和畸变屈曲。虽然两种屈曲模式各有其不同特点,为了便利设计工作,可以把它们结合起来考虑。本文分析指出,当卷边翼缘采用屈曲系数3.0,且卷边宽度足够大时,畸变屈曲不控制设计并可纳入局部屈曲计算之中。建议方法和出自三个不同来源的试验资料符合得很好。     

Finite element modelling of cold-formed steel beams under local buckling or combined local/distortional buckling

The finite element (FE) method is capable of solving the complex interactive buckling of cold-formed steel beams allowing for all important governing features such as geometrical imperfections, material nonlinearity, postbuckling, etc.; this is unlikely to be achieved by analytical methods. In this paper, two series of finite element models for buckling behaviour of laterally-restrained cold-formed steel Z-section beams have been developed with special reference to material and geometrical nonlinearities: one to allow for the possibility of combined local/distortional buckling and the other to allow for local buckling only. Four-point bending tests carried out by previous researchers have been used to verify the FE models. A simplified configuration of the test setup has been modelled in ABAQUS. In the local buckling FE models, distortional buckling has been restricted in the member using translational springs applied to the lip/flange corner of the beam. Predictions of load carrying capacity and deformed shapes exhibit excellent agreement with both the results from the more extensive models and laboratory tests. Further papers will exploit the developed FE models to investigate the different forms of buckling that occur in laterally-restrained cold-formed steel beams i.e. local, distortional and combined local/distortional.     

Local and distortional buckling of cold-formed steel beams with edge-stiffened flanges

The economic use of cold-formed steel members means that buckling and the possible loss of effectiveness it produces are important features of design. The prediction of the true buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel beams accounting for all governing features such as geometrical imperfections, material nonlinearity, postbuckling etc. has been possible with the development of advanced numerical modelling. The FE models developed in previous research have been used in this paper to investigate the effect of edge stiffeners (lips) and their interaction with compression flanges on the postbuckling of laterally restrained cold-formed Z-section beams. Depending on the lip size-to-flange width ratio and angle of inclination of the edge stiffener, the cross-sectional bending resistance varied and transitions between local, distortional and combined local/distortional buckling were observed. The suitability of the design treatments available in Eurocode 3 (EC3) for local and distortional buckling of cold-formed Z-section beams was assessed. Overall, the EC3 predictions for cross-sectional bending resistances were unconservative. Some shortcomings were identified and some suggestions for improvements were made. This included improvements in plate buckling factors for edge-stiffened compression flanges.     

受压翼缘外带卷边和中间加劲肋的冷弯型钢梁的局部和扭转屈曲特性

采用数值模型分析受压翼缘含卷边和中间加劲肋的冷弯型钢梁的屈曲特性。通过一系列非线性有限元分析,研究了由局部或扭转屈曲导致失稳的两侧翼缘处均含卷边和中间加劲肋的冷弯Z型钢的弯曲性能。研究了中间加劲肋的尺寸和位置以及卷边加劲肋和中间加劲肋的相互作用对型材的屈曲特性和极限强度的影响。有限元分析结果常可用来检验用欧洲设计规范在预测这类断面极限强度时的精确度。     

多孔钢梁在组合屈曲模态下的非线性分析

讨论了一般强度和高强度多孔钢梁在组合屈曲模态下的非线性分析。建立一个考虑腹板和翼缘初始几何缺陷、残余应力和材料非线性等情况的多孔钢梁的三维有限元模型。用具有不同长度,不同截面,不同荷载条件和不同失效模态的多孔梁的试验结果验证了此有限元模型。该模型能计算多孔梁的失效荷载,跨中荷载-挠度关系和失效模态。用120根多孔梁的有限元计算数据进行了参数分析,研究截面几何尺寸,梁长和钢材料强度对多孔梁强度和屈曲性能的影响。参数研究结果显示:由于组合腹板的扭转和腹板后屈曲引起的多孔梁失效对承载力有很大的影响。对于长细比较小的多孔梁,应用高强度钢材料将能显著提高失效荷载值。将有限元计算得到的失效荷载与利用澳洲规范计算的多孔梁平面外屈曲计算结果进行了对比,发现规范的计算结果对于平面外屈曲的一般强度多孔梁是不保守的,而对于组合腹板扭转和腹板后屈曲的高强度多孔梁的失效则非常保守。     

Simulation of cold-formed steel beams in local and distortional buckling with applications to the direct strength method

A nonlinear finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate two series of flexural tests, previously conducted by the authors, on industry standard cold-formed steel C- and Z-section beams. The previous tests focused on laterally braced beams with compression flange details that lead predominately to local buckling failures, in the first test series, and distortional buckling failures, in the second test series. The objectives of this paper are to (i) validate the FE model developed for simulation of the testing, (ii) perform parametric studies outside the bounds of the original tests with a particular focus on variation in yield stress and influence of moment gradient on failures, and (iii) apply the study results to examine and extend the Direct Strength Method of design. The developed FE model shows good agreement with the test data in terms of ultimate bending strength. Extension of the tested sections to cover yield stresses from 228 to 506 MPa indicates that the Direct Strength Method is applicable over this full range of yield stresses. The FE model is also applied to analyze the effect of moment gradient on distortional buckling. It is found that the distortional buckling strength of beams is increased due to the presence of moment gradient. Further, it is proposed and verified that the moment gradient effect on distortional buckling failures can be conservatively accounted for in the Direct Strength Method by using an elastic buckling moment that accounts for the moment gradient. An empirical equation, appropriate for use in design, to predict the increase in the elastic distortional buckling moment due to moment gradient, is developed.     

腹板开矩形孔复杂卷边冷弯槽钢梁局部屈曲性能及直接强度法研究

为了研究腹板开孔复杂卷边冷弯槽钢梁的局部屈曲性能，以及探究北美冷弯型钢结构设计规范(AISI S100-2016)中腹板开孔冷弯槽钢梁局部屈曲直接强度法计算公式的可靠性，对孔高比(孔洞高度与腹板高度的比值)分别为0、0.2、0.4、0.6和0.8的10个腹板开矩形孔复杂卷边冷弯槽钢梁纯弯试件进行了静力试验研究。试验结果表明，开孔和不开孔试件均发生以局部屈曲为主的屈曲破坏模式，与不开孔试件相比，开孔试件的受弯承载力下降，且下降幅度随孔高比的增大而增大。利用ANSYS有限元程序对试验进行了模拟分析，分析结果与试验结果吻合良好；在此基础上，采用经试验验证的有限元模型，通过变换腹板高度、板厚和孔高比开展了有限元参数分析，并根据有限元参数分析结果对已有腹板开孔冷弯槽钢梁的弹性局部屈曲临界应力近似计算公式进行了修正。基于试验结果、有限元参数分析结果以及修正的弹性局部屈曲临界应力近似计算公式，对AISI S100-2016中开孔冷弯槽钢梁发生以局部屈曲为主破坏时的直接强度法计算公式进行了修正。     

Local and distortional buckling of cold-formed steel beams with both edge and intermediate stiffeners in their compression flanges

The true buckling behaviour of cold-formed steel beams with both edge and intermediate stiffeners in their compression flanges has been predicted with the aid of advanced numerical modelling. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses has been carried out to investigate the flexural behaviour of cold-formed Z sections with both edge and intermediate stiffeners in their flanges, when the failure is controlled by local and/or distortional buckling. The effect of the size and position of intermediate stiffeners as well as the effect of the edge stiffener/intermediate stiffener interaction on the buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of these sections has been studied. The knowledge gained from FE analyses was used to check the accuracy of the Eurocode design rules in predicting the ultimate strengths for these sections.     

Buckling analysis of thin-walled cold-formed steel structural members using complex finite strip method

In this paper, a generalised complex finite strip method is proposed for buckling analysis of thin-walled cold-formed steel structures. The main advantage of this method over the ordinary finite strip method is that it can handle the shear effects due to the use of complex functions. In addition, distortional buckling as well as all other buckling modes of cold-formed steel sections like local and global modes can be investigated by the suggested complex finite strip method. A combination of general loading including bending, compression, shear and transverse compression forces is considered in the analytical model. For validation purposes, the results are compared with those obtained by the Generalized Beam Theory analysis. In order to illustrate the capabilities of complex finite strip method in modelling the buckling behavior of cold-formed steel structures, a number of case studies with different applications are presented. The studies are on both stiffened and unstiffened cold-formed steel members.     

冷弯薄壁型钢C形截面构件受弯承载力试验研究

为了研究冷弯薄壁型钢构件的受弯性能,对卷边形式为直卷边、斜卷边和复杂卷边的冷弯薄壁型钢C形截面受弯构件进行了试验研究。共计24个试件,分为12组试验,其中纯弯试验和非纯弯试验各6组。试验结果表明,卷边形式是影响构件受弯承载力的重要因素。试验中出现了局部屈曲、畸变屈曲以及局部和畸变的相关屈曲。对比两种受弯状态下的承载力发现,非纯弯时试件的承载力比纯弯时均有所提高,但提高的幅度和试件的屈曲模式有关,当发生畸变屈曲时提高得较多,而发生局部屈曲时提高得较少。利用有限元程序ANSYS对试验进行模拟,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。