单向预应变对X70大变形管线钢拉伸性能的影响

对X70大变形管线钢进行应变量小于2.5％的单向预拉伸和预压缩应变处理,而后卸载,再次拉伸至断裂,研究单向预应变对管线钢拉伸性能的影响.结果表明:同种单向预应变时,不同预应变量下管线钢的弹性变形、屈服变形和形变强化特征基本相同,弹性应变总体上随预应变量的增大而增大;预拉伸后再次拉伸时,管线钢在应变ε小于0.5％即发生屈...     

预应变对Fe-Mn-Si记忆合金中应力诱发εM形态的影响

利用拉伸试验方法测定了Fe-25%Mn-4.5%Si-1%Cr-2%Ni合金预应变对可恢复应变量的影响,并用X射线衍射分析方法考察了应力诱发ε马氏体(εM)体积分数随预应变量的变化关系.结果表明,当预应变大于5%而小于8%时,尽管应力诱发ε马氏体量仍然随预应变的增大而增多,而可恢复应变量却在预应变超过5%后随之迅速降低.利用透射电子显微镜对不同变形量试样中应力诱发εM形貌进行观察得知,预应变量由小及大,诱发出的εM形态变化很大,从而对记忆效应产生不同的影响.     

包辛格效应和卸载特性

利用拉伸或压缩不同变形量后卸载至零并立即反方向加载的方法，研究了几种金属材料的包辛格效应及其卸载情况。结果表明，包辛格效应受强度水平和加载方式的影响，强度水平高者，其包辛格效应就大，反之包辛格效应就小。受拉压强度差异现象的影响，相同的预应变量时，压缩预应变较拉伸预应受能产生更大的包辛格效应。预应变后立即卸载，卸载线偏离直线段的现象是由于卸载过程中背应力对反方向运动的位错起了推动作用的结果。     

预变形对LY12铝合金板热处理后晶粒度的影响

为了制定合理的铝合金板多道次成形工艺,需确定每道次的粗晶临界应变.通过将单向拉伸试件拉伸到不同预应变,然后热处理测定晶粒度的方法,分别研究了不同预变形对退火和淬火热处理后LY12铝合金板晶粒度的影响.结果表明,不同预变形对退火热处理后晶粒度无影响;对淬火热处理后晶粒度影响显著,而且存在一个临界应变,当预应变大于该临界应变时,晶粒突然长大.对于包铝层,该临界应变小于0.8%;对于基体,该临界应变在4%左右.对于LY12铝合金板多道次成形工艺设计,退火前道次极限变形量的制定不需考虑粗晶影响,淬火前道次变形量的制定需考虑粗晶临界应变.     

预拉伸样坯尺寸对应变时效敏感性试验结果的影响

采用GB/T 4160-2004要求尺寸的拉伸样坯,在预拉伸应变量未达到规定应变量时易出现颈缩和夹持部位断裂现象,导致试验失败。为避免出现上述情况,笔者采用形状和横截面尺寸不同于该标准规定尺寸的拉伸样坯,进行5%和10%的两种应变量的预拉伸,然后对其取样进行系列温度夏比冲击试验。结果表明:拉伸样坯尺寸对试样应变时效冲击试验的结果不存在明显影响;钢铁材料的应变时效拉伸样坯可以不局限于一种横截面尺寸,也可以采用与室温拉伸试验相同的带夹持头部试样。     

预拉伸控制铝合金焊接变形

在预拉伸应力作用下,焊接了厚度为4mm的5A05铝合金试板,通过焊接试板挠曲变形量的测定,探讨了预加拉应力对铝合金焊接变形的影响。试验结果表明,预拉伸焊接法可以有效减小铝合金薄板焊缝处的纵向挠曲变形量,在弹性应力范围内,随着预拉伸应力的增大,试板的焊接变形逐渐变小。初步分析认为,预拉伸应力扩大了高温下焊缝附近的塑性变形区,从而增强了冷却过程中该区域抗塑性拉应变的能力,减小了焊件的挠曲变形。     

预应变对不同含碳量钢材疲劳特性的影响

通过对非预应变15号、35号和45号钢及其各种预应变材料进行实验,研究了预应变量对不同含碳量钢材疲劳强度和疲劳裂纹发生的影响。实验结果表明:在相同的预应变预量的条件下,材料的疲劳极限随含碳量的增加而提高;当预应变量较低时,预应变材料的疲劳极限低于非预应变材料,含碳量越高降低的程度越明显;当预应变量较高时,材料的疲劳极限随预应变量的增加而恢复或提高。     

预应变对TC4ELI钛合金变形行为的影响

对TC4ELI钛合金分别进行正向拉伸-反向压缩和正向压缩-反向拉伸试验,研究预应变对其后续反向变形行为的影响。结果表明:两种加载方式下,TC4ELI钛合金反向屈服强度均随着预应变的增大先降低后趋于稳定,表现出明显的包申格效应。预拉伸试验下的饱和预应变约为2%,预压缩试验下的饱和预应变约为4%。预压缩后强度降低更加明显。晶体取向差异和α相的高度不对称密排六方结构导致材料在加载过程中出现非均匀塑性变形,产生残余应力,这是诱发TC4ELI钛合金产生包申格效应的主要机制。     

不同方式预应变TiNi合金丝的马氏体逆相变温度

对恒应力约束下降温预应变和室温拉伸预应变TiNi形状记忆合金丝的马氏体逆相变行为进行研究.结果表明,随着预应变的增加,二者的马氏体逆相变温度都上升,应变回复率都下降;但是在相同预应变下,前者的马氏体逆相变温度低于后者,后者的应变回复率却高于前者.     

10CrNi5MoV钢的包申格效应研究

利用单轴屈服试验法研究了高强度10Cr Ni5Mo V钢的包申格效应。结果表明,随着拉伸预塑性应变量的增大,10Cr Ni5Mo V钢的包申格效应显著增大,在约0.9%预塑性应变量时趋于饱和,此时包申格效应因子为0.72;包申格效应的产生主要与位错运动和背应力有关,热处理均可显著减弱10Cr Ni5Mo V钢的包申格效应。     

Effect of prestrain on tensile properties and ratcheting behaviour of Ti-stabilised interstitial free steel

Effect of prestrain ranging between 2.5 and 15 percent on tensile properties, and ratcheting behaviour of an interstitial free steel has been studied at two different stress combinations. It is found that while yield strength increases in two distinctly different stages, the increase of tensile strength follows perfect linear relationship with increase in the amount of prestrain. The ratcheting strain accumulation direction during initial stage of asymmetric cyclic loading at constant tensile mean stress depends upon imposed maximum stress and the amount of prestrain. Number of cycles for accumulation of 16.30 pct true ratcheting strain increases with the amount of prestrain following perfect exponential relationships for both the stress combinations; but it increases in a perfectly bilinear manner with tensile yield strength of prestrained specimens. With 16.30 pct accumulated ratcheting strain the amount of back stress is found as 110 MPa irrespective of the amount of prestrain. Marginal variation in post-ratcheting tensile properties as a function of tensile prestrain has been observed.     

Comparison of low cycle fatigue behavior of 304 stainless steels induced by tensile and torsional prestrain

The effect of tensile and torsional prestrains on fatigue lives of 304 stainless steels is compared. The fatigue life as a function of prestrain amplitudes exhibits an ‘S’ curve, and the inflexion point of the S curve is affected by prestrain modes and cyclic strain amplitudes. An interesting phenomenon is that when the onset stress of secondary hardening reaches 300 MPa, intergranular martensite begins to be formed. Combining martensite distribution, fatigue life and cyclic stress responses, the onset stress of secondary hardening is proposed to reflect the location of martensite nucleation sites. Compared with tensile prestrain, torsional prestrain results in higher stress. In addition, higher prestrain and cyclic amplitudes also lead to higher cyclic stress and hence earlier nucleation of intergranular martensite. Furthermore, the influence mechanism of prestrain modes and cyclic strain amplitudes on the inflexion point of S curve is revealed.     

冷成型制管对钢材力学性能的影响

对冷成型直缝焊接圆钢管弯制前的原料板材和弯制后的管材的力学性能变化进行了试验对比研究。结果表明：管材的屈强比不小于原料板材的屈强比,且屈服强度和抗拉强度都有所增长;管材塑性降幅较大;管材纵向冲击功变化不明显,横向冲击功有显著降低;因此钢管的力学性能不能以原料板材的力学性能代替。     

The effect of prestrain on the natural aging and fracture behaviour of AA6111 aluminum

In this paper, the effect of prestrain on the T4 behaviour as well as fracture behaviour of AA6111 has been investigated with a view to understanding its strengthening characteristics under this condition. The evaluation methods include tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fractography using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that AA6111 develops increased strength with increasing levels of prestrain during natural aging. The application of plastic prestrain prior to natural aging increases the speed with which the various phases form during natural aging, while decreasing the volume fraction of GPI zones. Prior prestrain and subsequent natural aging show improvement in the dimpled tensile fracture. However, the role of intermetallic particles is significant in that they serve as nucleation sites for fracture.     

Effect of prestrain on tensile property of TiNif/Mg composite

A TiNi shape memory alloy fibre-reinforced AZ31 Mg alloy matrix composite was fabricated herein by spark plasma sintering. The microstructure of the composite and the effect of prestrain on its strength were analysed. The phase transformation of TiNi was observed in situ, and the effect of temperature was monitored. Metallurgical bonding formed at the interface between the TiNi fibre and AZ31 matrix. The prestrain strengthening effect on the yield stress of the composite at 298?K was more dramatic than at 373?K, and the effect decreased with increasing prestrain. The prestrain strengthening effect on tensile strength of the composite was effective at both 298 and 373?K. Because of the difference between recovery stress of TiNi and prestrain-induced compressive stress, higher temperature strengthened the material more significantly than did prestrain application.     

Strain aging on the yield strength to tensile strength ratio of UOE pipe

Strain aging of microalloyed steel pipe can occur at the relatively low temperatures associated with the pipe coating process and/or during long-term storage. A Box–Behnken statistical design was used to determine the significant strain aging variables that affect the longitudinal yield strength to tensile strength (Y/TS) ratio for three uncoated X70 UOE pipes. The strain aging variables examined include time, temperature, steel composition/microstructure (vis-a-vis the C/Nb ratio) and position through the pipe wall thickness. Metallographic and electron backscattered diffraction examinations were undertaken to determine the grain size and phase percentages of the as-received pipe steel. Both position in the pipe and the C/Nb ratio were found to have a statistically significant effect on the yield strength to tensile strength ratio.     

样品取向对轧制钢板拉伸性能的影响

分别对不同厚度、不同取向(α=0°,45°,90°)的SPCC冷轧钢板、SPHC热轧钢板、SUS304冷轧不锈钢板和SUS304热轧不锈钢板进行了拉伸试验,研究了取向因素对轧制钢板拉伸性能的影响,并分别探讨了钢板厚度、轧制状态和钢板材料等因素引起的拉伸性能各向异性程度的差异。结果表明:样品取向对轧制钢板的拉伸性能有明显影响,轧制方向的抗拉强度和断后伸长率较高,而屈服强度的变化规律则较为复杂;钢板厚度、轧制状态、钢板材料等因素对轧制钢板拉伸性能的各向异性都有不同程度的影响。     

EFFECTS OF SMALL PRESTRAIN ON THE FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF SPHEROIDAL PEARLITE STEEL

In order to clarify the effect of a small prestrain on the fatigue strength of a carbon steel, the fatigue behaviour of plain specimens of a eutectoid steel with spheroidal pearlite, previously subjected to a tensile prestrain, is investigated and compared with that of annealed and strain-aged specimens. It is found that a small prestrain of a few percent does not decrease the fatigue limit nor the crack initiation or propagation lives. Fatigue slip initiation, however, is accelerated by the small prestrain. It is also observed that cyclic strain ageing does not occur. From these results, it is inferred that dislocations are unpinned by the small prestrain and this causes fatigue slip to occur more readily, but the fatigue behaviour following slip initiation is not affected because the spheroidal cementite particles act as obstacles to further slip deformation and Stage I crack propagation.     

Some factors exerting an influence on the coaxing effect of austenitic stainless steels

The present paper describes some factors exerting an influence on the coaxing effect of austenitic stainless steels. Particularly, the influence of prestrain was investigated in detail. The materials used were austenitic stainless steels, type 304 and 316. Type 304N2 was also used to examine the properties of the stabilized austenitic phase in type 304. Two types of rotating bending fatigue tests, i.e. the conventional constant amplitude tests and stress‐incremental tests, were performed using the specimens subjected to the several tensile‐prestrain levels. Under the constant amplitude tests, the fatigue strengths of type 304 and 316 increased with increasing prestrain. Under the stress‐incremental tests, type 304 showed a remarkable coaxing effect, where the fatigue failure stress significantly increased regardless of the prestrain level. The coaxing effect in the unprestrained specimens was larger than those of the prestrained ones. Type 304N2 showed lower coaxing effect than type 304. In addition, the strain‐induced martensitic transformation did not occur because of the higher stability of austenitic phase in type 304N2. In type 316, the coaxing effect was dependent on the prestrain level, i.e. below 15% prestrain the coaxing effect became smaller with increasing prestrain, whereas above 25% prestrain the coaxing effect reappeared. Based on the tests results, it was considered that the coaxing effect in austenitic stainless steel was due to the mechanisms such as work hardening, strain ageing and strain‐induced martensitic transformation. The contribution of these mechanisms to the coaxing effect was different among type 304, 304N2 and 316.     

耐热钢时效后韧度与强度变化的机理

采用冲击试验仪器化试验方法和拉伸试验方法对汽轮机缸体用耐热钢不同状态（未经时效、经过593℃时效5600h）的动态断裂韧度及抗拉强度和塑性进行了研究,同时进行了SEM和物相分析。结果表明,在不同试验温度条件下,与未时效相比,经时效后材料的KId值和断口的侧膨胀值均有所降低;抗拉强度稍有增加,塑性略有降低。在时效试样的晶内与晶界处碳化物数量略有增加,主要是含铬的M23C6相有微量从基体中弥散析出;部分碳化物颗粒发生聚集和长大,试样中第二相平均粒径相对稍大。