射频磁控溅射制备Mn掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构和铁磁性能研究

采用射频磁控溅射法制备了Mn掺杂ZnO(Zn1-x Mnx O,其中x=0,0.03,0.06)薄膜.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和超导量子干涉磁强计(SQUID)对薄膜结构和磁性能进行了研究.XRD和Raman研究表明,不同浓度Mn掺杂ZnO薄膜均为ZnO的六角纤锌矿结构,...     

Cu掺杂ZnO纳米结构的室温铁磁性研究

采用柠檬酸盐法合成了一系列Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)纳米粒子,XRD结果表明Zn1-xCuxO样品为单一的ZnO纤锌矿结构. 磁性测试结果表明Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)在室温下表现为铁磁性. XRD, TEM与XPS的测试结果表明,样品中没有具有铁磁性的第二相出现. 经分析Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)的铁磁性是Cu掺杂ZnO纳米结构的本质特征.     

Cu掺杂ZnO纳米结构的室温铁磁性研究

采用柠檬酸盐法合成了一系列Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)纳米粒子,XRD结果表明Zn1-xCuxO样品为单一的ZnO纤锌矿结构.磁性测试结果表明Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)在室温下表现为铁磁性.XRD,TEM与XPS的测试结果表明,样品中没有具有铁磁性的第二相出现.经分析Zn1-xCuxO(x=0.01,0.02,0.03,0.04)的铁磁性是Cu掺杂ZnO纳米结构的本质特征.     

Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延及其室温铁磁性

研究了Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延、结构、光学和磁学性质.利用分子束外延技术,在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上外延得到Co掺杂的Zn1-xCoxO(0≤x≤0.12)单晶薄膜.光透射谱和原位的X光电子能谱显示Co离子代替了ZnO晶格中部分Zn的位置.Zn1-xCoxO单晶薄膜具有内禀的铁磁性,并且居里温度高于室温.样品的铁磁性随着Co掺杂量x(x≤0.12)的增加而单调增大.     

Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延及其室温铁磁性

研究了Co掺杂的ZnO单晶薄膜的分子束外延、结构、光学和磁学性质.利用分子束外延技术,在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上外延得到Co掺杂的Zn1-xCoxO(0≤x≤0.12)单晶薄膜.光透射谱和原位的X光电子能谱显示Co离子代替了ZnO晶格中部分Zn的位置.Zn1-xCoxO单晶薄膜具有内禀的铁磁性,并且居里温度高于室温.样品的铁磁性随着Co掺杂量x(x≤0.12)的增加而单调增大.     

生长温度对Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒铁磁性的影响

用化学气相沉积法(CVD),在生长温度为600、650和700 ℃条件下,未采用任何催化剂制备了Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒.研究发现,随着生长温度的升高,样品中O空位的浓度逐渐增加.低浓度的O空位可以增强Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒的铁磁性,但O空位浓度过高时,Mn掺杂ZnO纳米棒表现出超顺磁性或反铁磁性.在3个样品中,650 ℃的样品具有最好的室温铁磁性,其饱和磁化强度为0.85 μB/Mn,矫顽力为50 Oe.     

不同退火温度下Mn掺杂ZnO纳米晶的结构和磁性

ZnO的激子束缚能高达60meV,具有优良的光学性质。因此,Mn掺杂的ZnO材料研究在磁性半导体领域广泛开展起来。文章采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mn掺杂的ZnO纳米晶,讨论了在不同退火温度下纳米晶的结构和磁性。XRD结果显示,所有样品均为六角纤锌矿结构。退火后,Mn掺杂ZnO纳米晶的晶格常数均略大于纯净ZnO的晶格常数,表明Mn2 已经替代Zn2 进入ZnO晶格。500℃退火的样品在4～300K温度范围内表现为顺磁性。将退火温度提高到900℃后,有少量尖晶石结构的ZnMn2O4存在。室温磁滞回线表明样品具有室温铁磁性,磁性来源于ZnMn2O4。     

Mn掺杂浓度对ZnO纳米薄膜的结构和光致发光的影响

Mn掺杂的ZnO基稀磁半导体材料由于具有独特的特性而受到人们广泛的关注。ZnO的激子束缚能高达60meV,具有优良的光学性质。因此,Mn掺杂的ZnO材料研究在磁性半导体领域广泛开展起来。文章采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Mn掺杂的ZnO纳米晶,讨论了不同Mn含量对材料结构和光致发光的影响。XRD结果表明,所有的样品均具有六角纤锌矿结构,并且随着引入Mn含量的增加,样品的晶格常数增大。光致发光结果显示,随Mn含量的增加,样品的紫外发光峰先红移后蓝移。光致发光谱也显示,适量的Mn掺杂可以钝化样品的可见区发射,提高样品的光学质量。     

Cu掺杂ZnO薄膜的结构及发光特性

采用溶胶-凝胶旋涂法在玻璃衬底上制备了不同Cu掺杂量的ZnO薄膜。用显微镜和X射线衍射(XRD)研究了Cu掺杂对ZnO薄膜形貌和微结构的影响。结果表明,制备得到的ZnO薄膜具有应变小和c轴择优取向。室温下测量了样品Zn1-xCuxO的光致发光(PL)谱,发现所有样品的PL谱中均观察到435nm左右的蓝光发光带,发光带强度与Cu的掺杂量有关;当x=0.06时,Zn1-xCuxO薄膜的PL谱中出现了较强的蓝光发射。分析了掺杂量对发光性能的影响,并对样品的发光机制进行了探讨,推断出蓝光峰来源于电子由导带底到锌空位(VZn)能级的跃迁及锌填隙(Zni)能级到价带顶的跃迁,它们可通过改变Cu的掺杂量予以控制。     

Ni掺杂ZnO基稀磁半导体的性质

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有高温铁磁性的Ni掺杂ZnO DMS 粉末.研究表明,当掺杂浓度小于5%时,样品中没有第二相.微观结构和磁学性质研究认为,样品中存在的结构有主要的铁磁性的(Zn,Ni)O,一些顺磁性的孤立Ni原子,以及可能存在微量的Ni团簇.而样品的宏观铁磁性主要来源于具有铁磁性的(Zn,Ni)O结构,居里温度约为650K.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks