大型地表水地源热泵的多因素动态能耗分析

以上海某工程为例,运用多因素动态能耗分析方法,对常规水源热泵系统、水源热泵和冰蓄冷相结合系统以及水冷冷水机组系统的运行费用进行了比较.通过对不同系统制冷站合理配置和优化运行的研究,制定了运行策略,并得到了相关结论.     

Multi-layer heat insulation system for frame construction buildings

One of the most important research areas today is in energy-efficient technologies such as heat insulation in buildings. In this research, insulation panels with multilayer, low-emissivity aluminum–polyethylene sheets were prepared and investigated. The results of the study showed that surface emissivity and convection currents have important influence on heat flow. The aluminum–polyethylene sheets were effective in reflecting heat and reducing heat transfer by radiation. They also divided the air space in the insulation system, resulting in the reduction of convection currents and convection heat transfer. The heat insulation system was built without micro heat bridges. Consequently, heat conduction was not increased by micro heat bridges resulting in lower effective thermal conductivity than the commonly used insulation materials. The connection between heat resistance and the number of sheets was not linear. The first inserted sheet had the highest effect and each additional sheet had less influence on heat resistance.     

地表水水源热泵系统适应性评估

地表水水源热泵建筑应用是一项系统工程,需要在一定的技术、经济、政策等条件下才能顺利实施。地表水水源热泵系统适应性评估不但要符合本地区开展水源热泵建筑应用的实际情况,而且应随着经济和技术的发展逐步完善评估的内容和方法。     

住宅建筑中闭式水源热泵空调系统的应用研究

北京嘉和丽园住宅公寓楼采用闭式地下水水源热泵空调系统，引入了外部低位热源。基于该系统2002年10月至2003年8月的运行数据，对系统共用空调动力设备能耗进行计算，初步分析系统的运行情况。     

重庆地区某地表水地源热泵系统运行测试及分析

针对目前很多地表水地源热泵系统能效比低的问题,对重庆市某酒店的夏季运行工况进行了测试,得出机组能效比最小约为1.7,平均值为4.33;系统能效比最小约为1.0,平均值为2.5.通过分析该系统的运行状况,提出以下提高系统能效比的措施:冷热源设计时要进行全年动态负荷模拟,并且考虑复合式系统的应用;取水口和排水口的位置应合理...     

水环热泵空调系统应用于综合办公建筑的节能性研究

利用公共建筑热环境系统模拟计算软件DeST-c,模拟计算了水环热泵空调系统与风机盘管加新风系统在不同条件下的全年冷、热源运行能耗。分析了建筑内部负荷对水环热泵空调系统节能性的影响。得到了水环热泵空调系统在我国的适用地区范围。     

地表水地源热泵冷凝热利用的优化及能效分析

建立了冷凝热利用热力学分析模型,根据热力学分析结果,确定冷凝温度、热水温度为影响冷凝热利用的关键因素.分析了影响因素变化时冷凝热利用的能效情况.结果表明,当冷凝温度达到40℃以上时,可获得接近50℃的热水,但此时机组的制冷能效将低于4.0.提出了结合机组能效确定热水温度的优化方法,优化得到的最佳热水设定温度范围为50～54℃,此时机组制冷能效大于4.5,综合能效大于5.6.     

The convective heat exchange at the external surface of buildings

The relationships currently used to describe the convective heat exchanges at the external surfaces of buildings are based on wind tunnel measurements undertaken over 40 years ago. Recent field measurements have disclosed inadequacies in the application of this early work. This paper provides a review of the nature of convective heat exchanges and discusses the various relationships which have been presented in the literature to describe it.     

超高层建筑消防水系统设计

从消防检测施工的角度,探讨超高层建筑消防水系统设计。     

谈水环热泵空调系统在办公建筑中选用的优势

介绍了水环热泵空调系统设计的原理和特点,阐述了水环热泵和传统风机盘管空调系统在设计中的区别,并在若干方面做出对比,总结了水环热泵空调系统在办公建筑中应用的设计经验,以期指导实践。     

Calibration and validation of a dynamic model for water quality in combined sewer retention tanks

As the integrated management of urban wastewater systems becomes more and more popular, the development of wastewater management subsystem models appears essential to improve the understanding of the pollutant dynamics and their interactions. In such a context, a review of the literature reveals a lack of efficient models describing the dynamics of the water quality stored in off-line retention tanks. A model has thus been proposed based on the fractionation of suspended solids into three classes according to the particle settling velocity distribution measured in the field using the ViCAs settling test. In this paper, a calibration methodology is developed and full-scale field data sets from three different events are used for 1) calibrating this new dynamic retention tank model (two data sets); and 2) validating that model on the last data set. The results show a good agreement between observed and simulated data both for the total suspended solids and the total chemical oxygen demand.     

动力系统非线性行为识别方法与验证

在构建动力非线性系统恢复力的幂级数多项式模型的基础上,提出一种完全基于结构激励和响应时间序列的非线性恢复力识别方法,并通过一个带非线性构件(磁流变阻尼器)的四层结构模型在不同激励方式下的动力测试数据对该方法的有效性进行验证。有别于传统的系统识别方法,本方法不需要已知结构质量分布,也不需要提取系统特征值信息,而是直接根据系统时域信息进行恢复力识别。对于结构各自由度均受到外激励的情况,基于实测数据,运用最小二乘优化算法识别出恢复力模型的各个参数,进而得到模型振动过程中磁流变阻尼器提供的阻尼力随时间的变化情况,并与试验实测结果进行比较。针对结构仅有部分自由度受外激励的情况,对以上方法进行扩展,分步确定结构各层间恢复力并与实测结果进行比较。结果表明,该非线性恢复力识别法无论在结构全部或者部分自由度受激励的情况下均能有效地识别出结构的非线性恢复力,可为土木工程结构在地震等动力荷载作用下的损伤评估提供新的方法。     

Bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor for micro-polluted surface water treatment

This work investigated the feasibility of treating micro-polluted surface water for drinking water production with a bio-diatomite dynamic membrane reactor (BDDMR) at lab-scale in continuous-flow mode. Results indicate that the BDDMR was effective in removing COD_Mn, DOC, UV₂₅₄, NH₃-N and trihalomethanes' formation potential (THMFP) at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3.5 h due to its high concentrations of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS). The removal of pollutants was mainly ascribed to microbial degradation in BDDMR because the dynamic membrane alone was much less effective in pollutant removal. Though the diatomite particles (5-20 μm) were much smaller in size than the aperture of the stainless steel support mesh (74 μm), microorganisms and their extracellular polymer substances could bind these particles tightly to form bio-diatomite particles which were completely retained by the support mesh. The analysis of molecular weight (MW) distribution by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) shows that the BDDMR could effectively remove the hydrophilic fraction of dissolved organic materials present in the raw water.     

Simulation and analysis on thermodynamic performance of surface water source heat pump system

This work established a thermodynamic performance model of a heat pump system containing a heat pump unit model, an air conditioning cooling and heating load calculation model, a heat exchanger model and a water pump performance model based on mass and energy balances. The thermodynamic performance of a surface water source heat pump air conditioning system was simulated and verified by comparing the simulation results to an actual engineering project. In addition, the effects of the surface water temperature, heat exchanger structure and surface water pipeline transportation system on the thermodynamic performance of the heat pump air conditioning system were analyzed. Under the simulated conditions in this paper with a cooling load of 3400 kW, the results showed that a 1 °C decrease in the surface water temperature leads to a 2.3 percent increase in the coefficient of performance; furthermore, an additional 100 m of length for the closed-loop surface water heat exchanger tube leads to a 0.08 percent increase in the coefficient of performance. To decrease the system energy consumption, the optimal working point should be specified according to the surface water transportation length.     

Performance study of underground thermal storage in a solar-ground coupled heat pump system for residential buildings

This paper is performed to analyze the performance of underground thermal storage in a solar-ground coupled heat pump system (SGCHPS) for residential building. Based on the experimental results, the system performance during a longer period is simulated by the unit modeling, and its parametric effects are discussed. The results show that the performance of underground thermal storage of SGCHPS depends strongly on the intensity of solar radiation and the matching between the water tank volume and the area of solar collectors. Compared with the solar radiation, the variations of the water tank temperature and the ground temperature rise lag behind and keep several peaks during the day time. For the case of Tianjin, the efficiency of underground thermal storage based on the total solar radiation and absorbed solar energy by the collectors can reach over 40% and 70%, respectively. It is suggested that the reasonable ratio between the tank volume and the area of solar collectors should be in the range of 20–40 L/m².     

余热回收用于供暖的水系统设计实例

结合工程实例,介绍了工业余热回收后与现有集中供热系统并网供热、满足供热区域扩容的水系统设计方案,并针对该系统的设计难点,提出了解决策略,实现了节能减排的目标。     

旧住宅分户热计量供暖系统的改造

介绍了分户热计量在旧有住宅中的采暖补建方法及对现有集中采暖的改造     

空气源热泵系统在公共建筑中的应用

从公共建筑节能的方面出发,介绍了空气源热泵热水系统组成,以及它的工作原理,基本工作流程和特点,并通过工程实例说明空气源热泵热水系统在公共建筑节能应用中,相对于目前常规热水设备系统的优越性。     

Optimal design and operation of a thermal storage system for a chilled water plant serving pharmaceutical buildings

A group of buildings in the pharmaceutical industry located in Southern Germany is experiencing a trend of growing cooling loads to be met by the chilled water plant composed of 10 chillers of greatly varying cost effectiveness. With a capacity shortfall inevitable, the question arises whether to install an additional chiller or improve the utilization of the existing chillers, in particular those with low operating costs per unit cooling, through the addition of a chilled water thermal energy storage (TES) system. To provide decision support in this matter, an optimization environment was developed and validated that adopts mixed integer programming as the approach to optimizing the chiller dispatch for any load condition, while an overarching dynamic programming based optimization approach optimizes the charge/discharge strategy of the TES system. In this fashion, the chilled water plant optimization is decoupled but embedded in the TES control optimization. The approach was selected to allow for arbitrary constraints and optimization horizons, while ensuring a global optimum to the problem.     

污水及地表水地源热泵系统规范化设计研究

通过理论、实验及工程跟踪研究,分析了系统设计中的关键性问题与设计要点,包括系统形式、换热方式和换热工况、取水方法及防阻方法等。重点论述了换热工况设计,并给出了设计实例。介绍了防阻器专利产品的设计标准和工艺流程。