含有吡啶基的油溶性稠油降黏剂合成与性能评价

以4-乙烯基吡啶、苯乙烯、马来酸酐和丙烯酸十八酯为单体,过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂,通过自由基聚合,制备了一种油溶性四元共聚物,该聚合物具有降低稠油黏度的作用。在常规油溶性降黏剂基础上引入吡啶基团,可以增强药剂拆散胶质、沥青质之间氢键、π-π作用和配位作用的能力。通过正交实验和单因素实验,考察了单体用量、甲苯用量、引发剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对于产物性能的影响,得到了最优的降黏剂聚合条件。以渤海油田的稠油为对象,评价了降黏剂的性能,结果表明,在w(降黏剂)=0.1%、测试温度为50℃,合成降黏剂的降黏率为82.9%,降黏性能优于现场用油溶性降黏剂(HYR);合成降黏剂在300℃老化12 h后的降黏率为76.9%,耐温性能较好;此外,合成降黏剂具有稳定的降黏性能。     

阴离子型油溶性稠油降黏剂的合成及评价

针对油溶性稠油降黏剂存在的选择性强和降黏效果差等问题,通过乳液聚合方式合成了一种阴离子型的多元共聚物油溶性稠油降黏剂,最佳合成条件为:在氮气的保护下,n(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)∶n(甲基丙烯酸长链酯)∶n(苯乙烯)∶n(丙烯酸)=1∶10∶6∶5,引发剂加量0.5%,反应时间6 h,反应温度70℃,单体浓度25%。该降黏剂对多种稠油都具有一定降黏效果,尤其对含水率高的稠油效果更好;在50℃条件下,降黏剂加量950 mg/L时,降黏率可达59.29%。考察了稠油中胶质、沥青质加降黏剂前后的红外光谱,分析了其降黏机理:降黏剂加入后,降黏剂分子与稠油中的胶质、沥青质发生作用,消弱了胶质沥青质聚集体间的氢键结合能力,改变了原有聚集体的空间网状结构,从而降低稠油黏度。     

阴离子型油溶性稠油降黏剂的合成及评价

针对油溶性稠油降黏剂存在的选择性强和降黏效果差等问题,通过乳液聚合方式合成了一种阴离子型的多元共聚物油溶性稠油降黏剂,最佳合成条件为:在氮气的保护下,n(2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)∶n(甲基丙烯酸长链酯)∶n(苯乙烯)∶n(丙烯酸)=1∶10∶6∶5,引发剂加量0.5%,反应时间6 h,反应温度70℃,单体浓度25%。该降黏剂对多种稠油都具有一定降黏效果,尤其对含水率高的稠油效果更好;在50℃条件下,降黏剂加量950 mg/L时,降黏率可达59.29%。考察了稠油中胶质、沥青质加降黏剂前后的红外光谱,分析了其降黏机理:降黏剂加入后,降黏剂分子与稠油中的胶质、沥青质发生作用,消弱了胶质沥青质聚集体间的氢键结合能力,改变了原有聚集体的空间网状结构,从而降低稠油黏度。     

大豆油-油酸多元醇改性聚氨酯胶黏剂及其性能研究

以环氧大豆油（ESBO）、油酸（OA）为主要原料,在无溶剂无催化剂的条件下合成了环氧大豆油-油酸多元醇（P-OA-ESBO）,通过红外（FT-IR）和核磁（1H-NMR）对环氧大豆油-油酸多元醇（P-OA-ESBO）的结构进行了表征。然后以P-OA-ESBO、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、甘油为主要原料在无催化剂条件下合成了环保型包装用聚氨酯胶黏剂。利用热重分析（TGA）、差示扫描量热法（DSC）、拉伸力学性能测试、PE/OPP复合膜的剥离强度测试及剪切强度测试考察了不同R（NCO/OH）比聚氨酯胶黏剂涂膜的耐热、机械和粘接性能。结果表明：大豆油-油酸多元醇成功改性聚氨酯胶黏剂,相比于传统的大豆油基多元醇改性聚氨酯,该方法更为绿色经济环保,且当R值为1.3-1.5时合成的聚氨酯胶黏剂的力学拉伸和剪切能较好,R值在1.7时合成的聚氨酯胶黏剂剥离强度较优异,可满足PE/OPP膜的基本复合要求。     

大豆油-油酸多元醇改性聚氨酯胶黏剂的合成及性能

以环氧大豆油(ESBO)、改性油酸为原料,在无溶剂无催化剂的条件下,通过开环反应合成了环氧大豆油-油酸多元醇(P-OA-ESBO),通过红外(FTIR)和核磁(1HNMR)对环氧大豆油-油酸多元醇(P-OA-ESBO)的结构进行了表征。然后以P-OA-ESBO、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为原料,以绿色可再生的甘油为扩链剂,在无催化剂条件下合成了环保型包装用聚氨酯胶黏剂,不使用传统的石油类多元醇和有机锡类催化剂。利用热重分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、拉伸力学性能测试、PE/OPP复合膜的剥离强度测试及剪切强度测试考察了不同R(NCO/OH)比聚氨酯胶黏剂涂膜的耐热、机械和粘接性能。结果表明,大豆油-油酸多元醇成功改性聚氨酯胶黏剂。当R值为1.3~1.5时合成的聚氨酯胶黏剂的力学拉伸和剪切能较好,R值在1.7时合成的聚氨酯胶黏剂剥离强度较优异,可满足PE/OPP膜的基本复合要求。     

微波辐射法合成葡萄糖苯酚树脂胶黏剂

以葡萄糖代替甲醛合成一种新的环保型酚醛树脂胶黏剂。在碱性条件下以微波加热法合成葡萄糖苯酚树脂胶黏剂、通过正交实验获得最佳反应条件,同时以此方法对树脂的固化条件进行了研究。微波加热条件下合成葡萄糖苯酚树脂胶黏剂的最佳条件是：葡萄糖：苯酚=7：1;pH：12;催化剂用量：1．4％;反应时间：6min。实验证明,微波辐射波法可以成功合成葡萄糖苯酚树脂胶黏剂,且该胶黏剂是一种环保型胶黏剂。     

三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛共缩聚树脂胶黏剂性能的研究

探讨了三聚氰胺用量、反应温度、反应时间、pH值对三聚氰胺-尿素-甲醛共缩聚树脂胶黏剂性能的影响。结果表明：在三聚氰胺用量为30%,反应温度为90℃,反应时间为40min,pH值为5.5时合成的胶黏剂性能优良。     

油田助剂烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类系列水溶性降黏剂的合成

针对河南南阳新庄油田稠油特性以及大量的实验基础上,研发合成了一种烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类(OP)水溶性的稠油降黏剂。在合成实验中首先确定了OP降黏剂的基本组成,然后优化了氯化反应及磺化反应中的条件对降黏性能的影响,得到了氯化、磺化反应的最佳条件。将最优条件下合成的水溶性OP降黏剂进行杨浅1911#稠油实验,得到OP降黏剂的降黏率为99.5%。     

航空发动机易磨片用有机硅胶黏剂的研制

利用合成苯基马来酰亚胺基硅树脂作为有机硅胶黏剂的改性树脂,配以甲基苯基乙烯基硅油、填料、交联剂、铂络合物催化剂制成航空发动机易磨片用胶黏剂。对胶黏剂的固化和性能进行了探讨,确定了胶黏剂的工艺和配方。合成的硅树脂胶黏剂可室温或加热固化,工艺性能良好。粘接强度高,黏合强度≥5.8MPa,180°剥离强度≥5.5N/mm。苯基马来酰亚胺基硅树脂在保持有机硅胶黏剂耐热性的同时提高了粘接强度和韧性。     

车用水性聚氨酯胶黏剂及其发展

聚氨酯胶黏剂具有优良的粘接性、柔韧性、耐油性、耐冲击性、耐磨性、耐低温性等.其品种繁多,分子结构可调性强,粘接适用范围广.介绍了车用聚氨酯胶黏剂的功用特点,分析了水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的分类及合成方法,研究了车用水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的应用领域,指出了车用水性聚氨酯胶黏剂的发展前景和趋势.     

Recovery of lactic acid by batch reactive distillation

Lactic acid, being virtually a non‐boiling compound, is difficult to separate from its aqueous solution by conventional methods such as distillation. It is necessary to convert it to the relatively volatile ester and the separation of the ester, followed by hydrolysis, is recommended as an appropriate method of recovery. In the present work, we explore and investigate a novel reactive distillation strategy to perform esterification, distillation and hydrolysis in a single unit. The experiments were performed in a batch reactive distillation set‐up and the results have been explained with the help of an appropriate model. An unsteady state mathematical model based on an equilibrium stage concept was developed for batch reactive distillation. A pseudo‐homogeneous model was used for the determination of reaction kinetics. The effect of operating parameters such as feed concentration, mole ratio, catalyst loading, boil‐up rate, etc. on the recovery of lactic acid was studied with the help of simulation and experimental results. The feasibility issue of reactive distillation has been discussed based on the results obtained. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

反应精馏法催化合成氯乙酸乙酯

采用反应精馏的方法催化合成了氯乙酸乙酯,反应过程中加入环己烷作为带水剂,将水分带出反应系统后促进酯化平衡朝正向移动。设计了新型的反应器,采用强酸性阳离子交换树脂作为催化剂,催化活性高,且可以循环利用。与其他酯化反应相比,所用无水乙醇量少,反应时间短,转化率高达98.92%。     

叔醋乳液的研制

以叔碳酸乙烯酯（VeoVa）为醋酸乙烯酯的共聚单体,聚乙烯醇为保护胶体,过硫酸铵（APS）为引发剂,当用SDS和OP-10为复合乳化剂,单体配比VeoVa：VAc为2：8,引发剂量为0．7％时,合成出的叔醋乳液吸水率最小;当用反应型乳化剂DNS-86,用量为3g时,其他配比不变,合成出的叔醋乳液吸水率最小。     

Biodegradable poly(ester amide)s – A remarkable opportunity for the biomedical area: Review on the synthesis,characterization and applications

Poly(ester amide)s have emerged in the last years as an important family of biodegradable synthetic polymers. These polymers present both ester and amide linkages in their structure and they gather in the same entity the good degradability of polyesters with the good thermo-mechanical properties of polyamides. Particularly, poly(ester amide)s containing α-amino acids have risen as important materials in the biomedical field. The presence of the α-amino acid contributes to better cell–polymer interactions, allows the introduction of pendant reactive groups, and enhances the overall biodegradability of the polymers.     

Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester-Incorporated Radio-Sensitive Nanoparticles of Phenylboronic Acid Pinacol Ester-Conjugated Hyaluronic Acid for Application in Radioprotection

We synthesized phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (PBPE)-conjugated hyaluronic acid (HA) via thiobis(ethylamine) (TbEA) linkage (abbreviated as HAsPBPE conjugates) to fabricate the radiosensitive delivery of caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE) and for application in radioprotection. PBPE was primarily conjugated with TbEA and then PBPE-TbEA conjugates were conjugated again with hyaluronic acid using carbodiimide chemistry. CAPE-incorporated nanoparticles of HAsPBPE were fabricated by the nanoprecipitation method and then the organic solvent was removed by dialysis. CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles have a small particle size of about 80 or 100 nm and they have a spherical shape. When CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles were irradiated, nanoparticles became swelled or disintegrated and their morphologies were changed. Furthermore, the CAPE release rate from HAsPBPE nanoparticles were increased according to the radiation dose, indicating that CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles have radio-sensitivity. CAPE and CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles appropriately prevented radiation-induced cell death and suppressed intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). CAPE and CAPE-incorporated HAsPBPE nanoparticles efficiently improved survivability of mice from radiation-induced death and reduced apoptotic cell death. We suggest that HAsPBPE nanoparticles are promising candidates for the radio-sensitive delivery of CAPE.     

Fatty acid methyl ester as reactive diluent in thermally cured solvent-borne coil-coatings—The effect of fatty acid pattern on the curing performance and final properties

Four different fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs): rape seed methyl ester (RME), tall oil methyl ester (TOME), and two types of linseed oil methyl ester (Linutin) have been studied as reactive diluents in thermally cured solvent-borne coil-coatings. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of fatty acid methyl ester structure on the curing performance and final properties of the coating. The permanent incorporation of the reactive diluent via transesterification reaction has been followed with ¹H NMR analysis of model systems. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) measurements, of free-standing films, show that the glass transition temperature (T_g) decreases upon addition of the reactive diluent. Both the amount of incorporated reactive diluent and the final film properties are affected by the number and placement of alkene-bonds in the FAME.     

A model study on fatty acid methyl esters as reactive diluents in thermally cured coil coating systems

A model study on the transesterification reaction between fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), e.g. methyl oleate, methyl linoleate, rape seed methyl ester and different alcohols in thin films have been performed. The purpose was to evaluate the possibility to use fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) as reactive diluent in thermally cured coil coating paints. A reactive diluent must be compatible, act as a diluent, react into the film without affecting the end properties. The transesterification between the methyl ester and hydroxyl functional model compounds was monitored by ¹H NMR and real time IR. The effects addressed in the present study were compatibility, temperature, catalyst, alcohol structure, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) structure. Competing factors with the transesterification reaction were shown to be evaporation and side reactions, i.e. oxidation. The structure of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) affects the conversion as a higher amount of unsaturations triggers the competing side reaction oxidation. The reaction time and temperature affects both the degree of transesterification conversion, degree of side reactions and the catalyst choice. The present study has shown that a fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fulfils the reactivity part for a reactive diluent in a thermally cured coating system.     

C22-二元酸单甲酯的合成

以棉籽油甲酯为原料,将非共轭的亚油酸甲酯在催化剂作用下转化共轭亚油酸甲酯,同时与富马酸发生Diels-Alder反应,生成C22-二元酸单甲酯,并采用正交实验设计探讨了投料比、温度、催化剂用量、反应时间对合成反应的影响。富马酸加入量按照n(富马酸)∶n(亚油酸甲酯)=1.1∶1投料,反应温度选择在200～210°C,催化剂碘的用量在0.3%(质量分数),反应控制在2h,转化率相对于亚油酸甲酯为98%。此工艺易于实现产业化。     

甲基丙烯酸十六酯的合成

以甲苯为携水剂,采用溶液聚合法合成甲基丙烯酸十六酯,对甲基丙烯酸十六酯的多种合成条件进行探讨,应用酯化物酸值测定法确定反应酯化程度。改进提纯分离方法,提高甲基丙烯酸十六酯的纯度。结果表明,在反应温度110℃,酸醇摩尔比为1.2∶1,催化剂用量为2.0%,反应时间为5 h时为最佳反应条件,酯化率可达92%。     

难溶杂多酸盐催化合成对羟基苯甲酸酯的研究

以钨硅酸和三乙醇胺为原料首先合成了钨硅酸三乙醇胺盐 ,并首次用于对羟基苯甲酸酯的催化合成研究。实验考察了催化剂用量、醇酸的量比、反应时间对酯收率的影响。结果表明 ,该催化剂具有较高的催化活性 ,酯收率达到 91.6 % ,且不溶于醇 ,易于回收 ,可重复使用 5次以上