搅拌摩擦焊与铝船制造革命

铝合金材料替代钢铁材料由于能显著减轾船舶的自重、增加船舶的速度，因而在造船业中日益受到重视；由于搅拌摩擦焊技术的一系列优点，将使铝合金在造船工业中得到曼进一步的应用。在此主要介绍搅拌摩擦焊应用于铝合金船舶焊接中的优点，世界各国造船厂应用搅拌摩擦焊的实例以及搅拌摩擦焊的焊缝质量等3方面的内容。     

铝合金液冷冷板的搅拌摩擦焊

针对钎焊工艺条件下铝合金液冷冷板钎焊缝存在的技术问题,对比分析了搅拌摩擦焊工艺技术在铝合金液冷冷板焊接应用上的技术优势,指出了采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行铝合金液冷冷板非实体结构的焊接时,要获得满意的接头焊接质量的前提是结构需满足一定的焊接接头设计要求.在试验基础上对搅拌摩擦焊的6063铝合金液冷冷板焊接表面压入量、焊接变形情况、焊接匙孔处理方法、焊接接头耐压性能和焊接接头组织状况进行了分析研究.     

飞机铝合金型材结构FSW焊接

提出了搅拌摩擦焊接（Friction Stir Welding,FSW）技术的3个基本要素,对铝合金型材FSW焊接件在航空结构中的几个典型应用进行了分析.并简要介绍了中国搅拌摩擦焊中心在铝合金型材搅拌摩擦焊接方面的研究成果.中国搅拌摩擦焊中心的研究表明,采用搅拌摩擦焊技术焊接铝合金能够得到比较满意的接头强度.     

铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊初步研究

提出了双面搅拌摩擦焊这种新的焊接方法，对比研究了6K32-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊与双面搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织和硬度，并对双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行了XRD分析。研究发现：铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织分区相同；双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的硬度略低于搅拌摩擦焊，且焊缝硬度下降区域范围更大；双面搅拌摩擦焊后焊缝依然保持为原有相组成；双面搅拌摩擦焊比搅拌摩擦焊焊接线能量更大，采用双面搅拌摩擦焊代替搅拌摩擦焊有利于提高焊接效率并消除焊缝隧道型缺陷、改善焊缝的性能。     

镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接技术的研究进展

搅拌摩擦焊是一种节能、节材、清洁、高效的新型金属连接技术，特别适于轻金属的连接。铝合金搅拌摩擦焊技术已经在很多领域实现了工业应用，而镁合金搅拌摩擦焊的研究才刚刚开始。对搅拌摩擦焊的技术特点作了简要的介绍，并对镁合金搅拌摩擦焊接工艺以及材料的组织与性能方面的研究进行了综述，并对以后的研究方向作了展望。     

搅拌摩擦焊技术的新起点——钢的焊接

搅拌摩擦焊技术已经成功实现了在铝合金结构中的工业化应用,但是在钛合金、钢等高熔点材料结构焊接中的研究仍在进行之中.文中对钢的搅拌摩擦焊技术难点进行了分析,并对C-Mn钢等典型钢结构材料的搅拌摩擦焊接头性能及组织进行了对比分析.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头的细晶组织有助于提高钢结构的性能,具有一定的推广应用潜力.     

一种新型焊接工艺--搅拌摩擦焊

搅拌摩擦焊是20世纪90年代初开发出的一种新型焊接工艺，它可以焊接常用熔焊方法难以焊接的铝合金、钛合金等，并且具有一系列独特的优点。在此简要介绍了搅拌摩擦焊的原理、搅拌摩擦焊接接头性能、影响搅拌摩擦焊接的工艺参数以及搅拌摩擦焊常用设备。     

铝合金T形接头搅拌摩擦焊研究进展

铝合金广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、船舶以及化学工业等领域中,T形接头作为铝合金薄板结构组装中的重要连接形式,对其焊接质量的要求也逐渐提高。采用传统熔焊的方式焊接铝合金T形接头时会导致应力集中、焊后残余变形大、多孔性等一系列问题。传统的搅拌摩擦焊具有产热少、焊前不用开坡口、焊后残余变形小等优势,很好的解决了这一技术难点。但是,传统的搅拌摩擦焊在焊后会产生大量的飞边以及弧纹缺陷。静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊技术作为一种新型的搅拌摩擦焊技术,在铝合金T形接头焊接中具有很大的优势。文中综述了铝合金T形接头焊接特点、传统搅拌摩擦焊以及静止轴肩搅拌摩擦焊在T形接头中的研究进展,并对搅拌摩擦焊技术在T形接头的应用前景进行了展望。     

6061-T6铝合金与PMMA的搅拌摩擦焊工艺

搅拌摩擦焊在铝合金金属焊接中有着广泛的应用,也可以将金属、聚合物异种材料焊接在一起.文中对铝合金和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)这2种常用异种材料的焊接进行了研究,将6061-T6铝合金与PMMA薄板进行搅拌摩擦焊试验,验证异种材料搅拌摩擦焊的可行性,选取6061-T6铝合金与PMMA成形较好的焊接接头进行拉伸试验.结果...     

铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊焊接参数概述

概述了铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊的焊接原理以及搅拌头形状、材料、焊接工艺参数等对接头成形及性能的影响,学习和应用相关知识,为后续铝合金材料搅拌摩擦焊提供试验依据、理论指导和技术支持.     

铝/铜异种材料搅拌摩擦焊接工艺的优化

搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)是近几年发展较快的新型摩擦焊接技术.国内外研究较多的是铝合金及异种铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接,但对铝/铜异种搅拌摩擦焊接的研究尚不多见.在此通过大量试验,分别在900-1500 rpm、20-50mm/min范围内调整搅拌旋转速度和焊接速度,优化焊缝的成形质量.结果表明,优化工艺参数可以实现铝/铜异种金属...     

Review of recent trends in friction stir welding process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites

Welding is a vital component of several industries such as automotive, aerospace, robotics, and construction. Without welding, these industries utilize aluminum alloys for the manufacturing of many components or systems. However, fusion welding of aluminum alloys is challenging due to several factors, including the presence of non-heat-treatable alloys, porosity, solidification, and liquation of cracks. Many manufacturers adopt conventional in-air friction stir welding (FSW) to weld metallic alloys and dissimilar materials. Many researchers reported the drawbacks of this traditional in-air FSW technique in welding metallic and polymeric materials in general and aluminum alloys and aluminum matrix composites in specific. A number of FSW techniques were developed recently, such as underwater friction stir welding (UFSW), vibrational friction-stir welding (VFSW), and others, for welding of aluminum alloy joints to overcome the issues of welding using conventional FSW. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the recent trends in FSW process of aluminum alloys and aluminum metal matrix composites (Al MMCs). Also, it discusses the effect of welding parameters of the traditional and state-of-the-art developed FSW techniques on the welding quality and strength of aluminum alloys and Al MMCs. Comparison among the techniques and advantages and limitations of each are considered. The review suggests that VFSW is a viable option for welding aluminum joints due to its energy efficiency, economic cost, and versatile modifications that can be employed based on the application. This review also illustrated that significantly less attention has been paid to FSW of Al-MMCs and considerable attention is demanded to produce qualified joint.     

2219铝合金FSW/VPPA交叉焊缝气孔缺陷

2219铝合金在搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）后,进行变极性等离子弧焊（VPPA）十字交叉焊接,其交叉接头存在气孔缺陷.针对6 mm 2219铝合金进行FSW/VPPA交叉焊接试验,探究了交叉焊缝的气孔类型,分别对比不同FSW热输入量、不同的VPPA焊接速度对交叉焊缝气孔缺陷程度的影响.结果表明,FSW热输入量越大,交叉焊缝气孔缺陷程度呈下降趋势,这与FSW过程产生瞬时空腔有关;而VPPA焊速越大,交叉焊缝气孔缺陷程度呈上升趋势.因此,为了抑制FSW/VPPA交叉焊缝气孔的产生,可以对FSW过程进行惰性气体保护、适当地提高FSW热输入量以及降低VPPA焊接速度.     

铝合金运载工具轻量化及其焊接新技术的发展

阐述了铝合金运载工具轻量化发展、常用铝合金的分类及用途、铝合金运载工具常用的几种复合焊接新方法及摩擦焊新技术.分析说明出于节能和环保的考虑,运载工具采用高强铝合金轻量化是其重要途径之一.     

Experimental defect analysis and force prediction simulation of high weld pitch friction stir welding

Abstract

Experimental data for AA 6061-T6 friction stir welded at rotational and travel speeds ranging from 1000 to 5000 rev min^?1 and from 290 to 1600 mm min^?1 (11–63 ipm) are presented. The present paper examines the forces and torques during friction stir welding (FSW) with respect to mechanistic defect development owing to process parameter variation. Two types of defects are observed: wormholes and weld deformation in the form of significant excess flash material. A 3D numerical model, implemented using the computational fluids dynamics package Fluent, is used to simulate and investigate the parametric relationship of the forces and torques during FSW. In order to establish a mechanistic quantification of the FSW process, two mechanical models, the Couette and the viscoplastic fluid flow models, were simulated and compared with experimental data for AA 6061-T6.     

铜板搅拌摩擦焊接工艺优化

搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)是近几年发展起来的新型摩擦焊接技术。铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接已成为国内外研究的热点，但对铜及其合金搅拌摩擦焊接的研究尚不多见。通过大量试验分析，优化了铜板搅拌摩擦焊接工艺。研究表明：工业纯铜具有良好的搅拌摩擦焊接性能，优化工艺可获得强度超过母材的搅拌摩擦焊接接头。     

Numerical analysis of friction stir welding process

Friction stir welding (FSW), which has several advantages over the conventional welding processes, is a solid-state welding process where no gross melting of the material being welded takes place. Despite significant advances over the last decade, the fundamental knowledge of thermomechanical processes during FSW is still not completely understood. To gain physical insight into the FSW process and the evaluation of the critical parameters, the development of models and simulation techniques is a necessity. In this article, the available literature on modeling of FSW has been reviewed followed by details of an attempt to understand the interaction between process parameters from a simulation study, performed using commercially available nonlinear finite element (FE) code DEFORM. The distributions of temperature, residual stress, strain, and strain rates were analyzed across various regions of the weld apart from material flow as a means of evaluating process efficiency and the quality of the weld. The distribution of process parameters is of importance in the prediction of the occurrence of welding defects, and to locate areas of concern for the metallurgist. The suitability of this modeling tool to simulate the FSW process has been discussed. The lack of the detailed material constitutive information and other thermal and physical properties at conditions such as very high strain rates and elevated temperatures seems to be the limiting factor while modeling the FSW process.     

2195-F态铝锂合金TIG焊和FSW焊后残余应力分析

采用盲孔法和压痕法,分别对2195-F态铝锂合金手工TIG焊和FSW焊后残余应力进行测量. 结果表明,盲孔法的测量值普遍高于压痕法. 两种焊接方法,近焊缝区的纵向应力均高于横向应力;横向应力整体表现为压应力或小于50 MPa的拉应力;纵向应力在热影响区附近表现为大于焊缝的拉应力. 焊缝区附近,手工TIG焊纵向残余应力大于FSW,且纵向残余应力表现为较大的拉应力,最大值接近于接头的屈服强度;焊缝区外,手工TIG焊和FSW残余应力值相差不大,其横向残余应力基本表现为很小的拉应力或者压应力.