基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统

该文提出了一种基于码本的有限反馈非酉矩阵预编码下行多用户MIMO系统。该方案根据用户反馈的信道信息SINR在发送端进行调度和预编码来提高系统容量。预编码的码本设计依据格拉斯曼空间装箱原理,并将码本中的向量按其相关性构成非酉矩阵来提高预编码增益和抑制多用户共道干扰。新方案反馈量少、复杂度低,在相同情况下比传统的单用户MIMO系统和基于码本的酉矩阵预编码多用户MIMO系统都具有更好的性能。     

LTE中下行MU-MIMO的物理层技术分析

LTE基站可以针对终端的空间特性采用单用户MIMO(SU-MIMO)和多用户MIMO(MU-MIMO)技术。LTE网络的用户数随着商用化的进程逐年递增,MU-MIMO技术也成为运营商关注的热点。论文分析了LTE中下行MU-MIMO的物理层技术,侧重设计了基于终端双码本反馈的方法,研究了独立码本预编码和联合迫零(ZF)预编码算法。通过计算机仿真比较了2种算法的吞吐率性能,结果表明低SNR时独立码本预编码优于联合ZF预编码,而高SNR时联合ZF预编码优于独立码本预编码。     

一种用于MlMO系统的双码本预编码方法

时分复用(TDD)模式的通信系统可以通过有效利用信道的互易性,即通过上行链路对下行信道信息进行估计,并利用估计得到的信息对MIMO通信系统进行预处理或者预编码,从而进一步提升MIMO系统的信道容量和性能。然而,对于频分复用(FDD)的通信系统,由于上下行频段的不对称使得信道互易性原则不再适用,此时欲对信道进行预处理,则必须通过终端对下行信道信息进行上行反馈。反馈方式可分为直接对下行信道信息进行量化反馈的显式反馈和将量化后的信道空间以码本形式进行反馈的隐式反馈。对信道空间量化的隐式反馈进行研究,并在此基础上提出了一种双码本预编码的方法,并进一步对所提方案进行了理论分析和仿真验证。     

在空间相关Rice信道下的一种基于非码本的预编码方法在LTE下行系统中的应用

本文所提出的预编码生成方法适合在TD-LTE系统中工作，包括基于信道互易性获取信道状态信息模块，能量分配模块，波束形成模块。该方法充分利用了TDD系统的信道互易性特性，获取下行信道的信道状态信息，并使用基于非码本的预编码方式来增强传输的抗干扰性能，提升小区覆盖范围。与单纯考虑无视距LOS（Line-Of-Sight）分量的衰落信道不同，本文所提出的是在接收端天线之间存在空间相关的下行MIMO系统中，针对拥有LOS分量的莱斯（Rice）信道发射机的预编码设计方案。该方案可以保证非码本预编码算法的快速收敛，且保持较低的计算复杂度。     

LTE-A下行多天线预编码技术探析

预编码技术是LTE-A系统性能中的一项重要技术,在3GPP R12 Further MIMO Enhancement项目中预编码码本的进一步增强也是研究的重点。本文重点对Qualcomm和ALU提出的新型码本设计方案进行了仿真分析,并与传统的R10码本进行了对比。仿真结果表明,新型码本在平均吞吐量变化不大的情况下可以获得非常可观的边缘频谱效率提升。     

存在反馈延迟的短波MIMO预编码系统设计

利用基于码本的预编码MIMO技术去提升短波通信的空间分集增益,短波天波信道利用电离层的一次或多次反射进行远距离通信,信号传播延时较大,为了消除反馈延时对预编码MIMO系统性能的影响,文中基于Kalman滤波器提出一种信道估计与预测模型,自适应地跟踪短波时变信道,接着根据ITS短波时变信道模型提取信道时域特征,估计出预测模型参数,通过与传统无信道预测的预编码方案进行对比,方案能够有效降低反馈延迟对短波MIMO预编码系统性能的影响。     

两跳中继分布式预编码码字选择方案

针对两跳分布式预编码MIMO中继系统,为了克服码字选择复杂度较高的缺点,提出一种基于单跳信道右奇异特征向量反馈的最小距离准则码本选择策略。首先给出基于均方误差矩阵的两跳分布式预编码设计方法,选取单跳信道右奇异特征向量作为反馈量,利用RVQ码本对其量化,最后采用最小距离准则对码字进行选择。仿真结果表明,在反馈比特数目相同的情况下,得到的系统BER性能与现有算法相近,但系统的和速率性能优于已有算法,且计算复杂度降低大约一半。     

Grassmannian流形上基于高分辨率动态聚焦码本的MIMO信道预测

针对MIMO时变信道下,有限反馈发射预编码存在反馈延迟的问题,提出将多数据流空间复用传输的MIMO信道的主右奇异矩阵的列空间建模于n维复欧氏空间上p维子空间的集合Grassmannian流形Gn,p上,利用Grassmannian流形的测地线对时变信道进行跟踪预测,以补偿反馈延迟对于系统性能的影响。在此基础上,从Grassmannian流形的几何特性入手,针对Grassmannian流形的切空间提出了一种高分辨率动态聚焦的多维切空间码本。计算机仿真表明,Grassmannian流形上基于高分辨率动态聚焦码本的有限反馈预测预编码的系统性能明显优于存在反馈延迟的无记忆有限反馈预编码和采用固定码本的有限反馈预测预编码。      

基于Turbo码的MIMO?OFDM检测系统的研究与设计

在MIMO?OFDM系统中,分层空时编码技术可以有效地提高空间复用增益,但是由于其译码层是相互独立的,因此系统编码增益并不高,而基于迭代法译码的Turbo码具有良好的编码增益,因此,提出采用联合分层空时编码技术和Turbo迭代解码原理的MIMO?OFDM检测系统,通过仿真实验验证,该系统不仅可以提高MIMO?OFDM系统的性能,在频率选择性衰落信道下该系统也具有良好的可靠性。     

基于零向波束形成和旁瓣抑制的MIMO-OFDM系统码本设计

MIMO系统可提高通信系统的容量和频谱的利用率,支持高速数据传输,是下一代无线传输系统的关键技术。在MIMO系统中,当发射端已知信道状态信息时,利用有限反馈的预编码可提高系统的性能。已有的码本设计方法,有的实现较为复杂,有的受到信道的限制。根据零向准则波束形成器的原理,结合降低天线副瓣的方法,实现了一种MIMO—OFDM系统预编码码本的设计。将此码本用于MIMO—OFDM系统有限反馈的预编码中,经仿真结果验证了码本设计方法的有效性。该码本的设计复杂度低,具有较好的性能。     

用于MIMO广播信道的带多波束选择的正交随机波束成形算法

本文提出一种基于有限反馈的波束和用户选择方案,在这种方案中,用户端利用一个随机正交码本对其信道方向信息(CDI)进行量化,计算其最大信号与干扰加噪声功率比(SINR),并把这些信息反馈给基站;基站根据接收到的这些反馈信息,按照和容量最大的准则选择出多个正交波束以及相应的多个用户.和sharif等人最近提出的方案相比,我们提出的方案能根据系统参数,如用户数和信噪比(SNR),对选择的波束成形矢量及其对应的用户的数量和集合进行调整,当用户数量较小时,和容量性能得到了很大的提升,同时避免了选择波束成形矢量时的用户冲突,另外,基站也不需要广播波束成形矢量给各个用户.     

Channel quality-to-interference ratio quantization criterion for limited feedback beamforming in MIMO systems

The discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based codebook is employed in this paper to quantize channel state information so that the amount of feedback can be reduced in the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) downlink of long term evolution (LTE) system. And a novel beamforming (BF) scheme based on the proposed channel quality-to-interference (QIR) quantizing criteria is developed, which uses only the index of the optimal codebook for the beamforming at the base station (BS), and dramatically reduces the amount of feedback. The proposed BF scheme jointly considers the influences of the quality of the quantized channels and the mutual interference among the sub-channels. The extensive simulation results verify that throughput of the proposed BF scheme is better than that of the random BF with a little feedback, and that of the eigen-beamforming even under low signal noise ratio (SNR) scenario.     

Some results on the sum-rate capacity of MIMO fading broadcast channels

We study the ergodic sum-rate capacity of the fading MIMO broadcast channel which is used to model the downlink of a cellular system with N/sub t/ transmit antennas at the,base and K mobile users each having N/sub r/ receive antennas. Assuming perfect channel state information (CSI) for all users is available at the transmitter and the receivers, we evaluate the sum-rate capacity numerically using the duality between uplink and downlink. Assuming Nt K, we also derive both upper and lower bounds on the sum-rate capacity to study its increase rate due to multi-user diversity. Finally, we compare three transmission schemes which use the single-user-MIMO scheme (SU-MIMO), ranked known interference (RKI) and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFB), respectively, to transmit to a selected set of users in order to approach the sum-rate capacity. We show that both ZFB and RKI outperform SU-MIMO in a cellular downlink scenario. when many mobile users are present.     

Impact of antenna and beam-selection-based sectored relay planning for performance evaluation of 4G LTE-A tri-sectored cell

The deployment of Relay Nodes (RNs) in 4G LTE-A networks, mainly originating from the wireless backhaul link, provides an excellent network planning tool to enhance system performance. Better coordination between the base station and relays to mitigate inter-cell interference becomes an important aspect of achieving the required system performance, not only in the single-cell scenario, but also in multi-cell scenarios. In this paper, we model and analyze two basic approaches for designing a 4G LTE-A tri-sectored cellular system. The approaches are based on Antenna Selection Sectored Relaying (ASSR) and Beam Selection Sectored Relaying (BSSR). The main purpose of the proposed schemes is to enhance system performance by improving the quality of the wireless relay backhaul link. In this technique, antenna selection takes into consideration Non-Line-Of-Sight (NLOS) communication, whereas BSSR considers the case of Line-Of-Sight (LOS) communication using heuristic beam forming approach. The resource allocation problem has also been investigated for relay based cooperative LTE-A tri-sectored cell in the downlink. The best possible location for relay node in the sector, power allocation and MIMO channel modeling is formulated as an optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the end to end link rate and the Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR) of 4G LTE-A systems. Power allocation/optimization has been solved by means of the duality equation of the stationary Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition and is used to derive optimal values for the beam forming vector on both the relay as well as the access link. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified through simulations carried out using MATLAB software. The simulation results show a significant improvement in the SINR, throughput capacity, and coverage area of the 4G LTE-A cell, while guaranteeing better quality of service.     

Channel Adaptive Quantization for Limited Feedback MIMO Beamforming Systems

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless systems can achieve significant diversity and array gain by using transmit beamforming and receive combining techniques. In the absence of full channel knowledge at the transmitter, the transmit beamforming vector can be quantized at the receiver and sent to the transmitter using a low-rate feedback channel. In the literature, quantization algorithms for the beamforming vector are designed and optimized for a particular channel distribution, commonly the uncorrelated Rayleigh distribution. When the channel is not uncorrelated Rayleigh, however, these quantization strategies result in a degradation of the receive signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, switched codebook quantization is proposed where the codebook is dynamically chosen based on the channel distribution. The codebook adaptation enables the quantization to exploit the spatial and temporal correlation inherent in the channel. The convergence properties of the codebook selection algorithm are studied assuming a block-stationary model for the channel. In the case of a nonstationary channel, it is shown using simulations that the selected codebook tracks the distribution of the channel resulting in improvements in SNR. Simulation results show that in the case of correlated channels, the SNR performance of the link can be significantly improved by adaptation, compared with nonadaptive quantization strategies designed for uncorrelated Rayleigh-fading channels     

System evaluation of optimal downlink beamforming with congestion control in wireless communication

We investigate the use of congestion control and joint optimal downlink beamforming, power control, and access point allocation, in a multi-cell wireless communication system. The access points of the system employ smart antennas and single antennas are used at the terminals. The possibility to send messages to multiple terminals at the same frequency in the same time slot is exploited. We show how previously proposed algorithms for optimal downlink beamforming easily can be extended to determine also the optimal access point for each mobile terminal. In order to assign resources, optimal beamforming requires a feasible set of mobiles, i.e. that all admitted users can be offered the required signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio. Therefore, an algorithm for deciding which mobile terminals to admit or reject from a congested system is proposed and evaluated. Using the proposed congestion algorithm, joint optimal downlink beamforming is evaluated and the throughput increase as compared to decentralized beamforming algorithms and other congestion control strategies is assessed from a system point of view. The results show that the proposed strategy can almost double the throughput compared to decentralized beamforming algorithms and give a fivefold increase in throughput compared to conventional beamforming without any interference suppression.     

Joint utility function-based scheduling for two-way communication services in wireless networks

A type of joint utility function-based scheduling is proposed for two-way communication services in wireless networks. The scheduling of uplink and downlink services is done jointly so that the base station selects a user efficiently and fairly while considering the channel state of both the uplink and the downlink. Because a user generally has two communication links, an uplink and a downlink, the overall satisfaction with a communication service can be formulated as the sum of the quality of the uplink and downlink services. However, most of the previous types of scheduling for the uplink and downlink were designed separately and independently. This paper proposes a joint scheduling algorithm for integrated uplink and downlink services: a base station selects a user while simultaneously considering both the uplink channel state and the downlink channel state. An analytical model is developed for the purpose of determining the scheduling metric, the system throughput, and the level of fairness. The numerical and computer simulation results show that in comparison with conventional proportional fair scheduling the proposed joint scheduling achieves a better throughput while satisfying the fairness among users.     

On the performance of random vector quantization limited feedback beamforming in a MISO system

In multiple antenna wireless systems, beamforming is a simple technique for guarding against the negative effects of fading. Unfortunately, beamforming requires the transmitter to have knowledge of the forward-link channel which is often not available a priori. One way of overcoming this problem is to design the beamforming vector using a limited number of feedback bits sent from the receiver to the transmitter. In limited feedback beamforming, the beamforming vector is restricted to lie in a codebook that is known to both the transmitter and receiver. Random vector quantization (RVQ) is a simple approach to codebook design that generates the vectors independently from a uniform distribution on the complex unit sphere. This correspondence presents performance analysis results for RVQ limited feedback beamforming     

LTE-A下行MIMO技术新特性及测试方法研究

为满足ITU对下一代移动通信系统频谱效率的更高要求,3GPP在LTE-A系统中引入了增强型下行MIMO技术,通过将下行4天线扩展为8天线,为系统引入了更高的分集增益和复用增益,提高了网络吞吐量和频谱效率。本文对LTE-A中增强型下行MIMO技术进行分析,通过将LTE-A与LTE下行MIMO传输方式进行对比,重点对LTE...     

A semiblind method for transmit antenna arrays in CDMA systems

Using a transmit antenna array (TAA), the downlink beamforming is able to improve the performance of wireless communication systems. We propose a semiblind downlink beamforming method based on channel reciprocity of the wireless channels for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems equipped with TAA. In the proposed semiblind method, it is shown that the feedback delay can result in performance degradation under a time-varying fading channel environment. Hence, the performance of the semiblind method is satisfactory only when the maximum Doppler frequency is low or the feedback delay is not significant. To overcome this difficulty, the channel prediction is considered. Using the channel predictor, the semiblind method can provide a reasonable performance for a moderate maximum Doppler frequency (about a few hundred hertz). For theoretical performance analysis, upper, and lower bounds of the bit error probability under a fading channel environment are derived