集中式MIMO雷达发射方向图快速设计方法

该文提出了任意发射方向图可以由一组基波束合成的思想。基于该思想,先对集中式 MIMO雷达阵列进行切比雪夫幅度加权构造出一组具有较低副瓣的基波束,然后利用线性规划来快速求解出构成方向图的基波束和其比例系数。与已有的半正定二次规划方法相比较,采用线性规划综合出来的发射方向图具有较低的空域副瓣和较小的空域互相关,并且计算时间较快。     

MIMO Radar with Widely Separated Antennas

MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) radar refers to an architecture that employs multiple, spatially distributed transmitters and receivers. While, in a general sense, MIMO radar can be viewed as a type of multistatic radar, the separate nomenclature suggests unique features that set MIMO radar apart from the multistatic radar literature and that have a close relation to MIMO communications. This article reviews some recent work on MIMO radar with widely separated antennas. Widely separated transmit/receive antennas capture the spatial diversity of the target's radar cross section (RCS). Unique features of MIMO radar are explained and illustrated by examples. It is shown that with noncoherent processing, a target's RCS spatial variations can be exploited to obtain a diversity gain for target detection and for estimation of various parameters, such as angle of arrival and Doppler. For target location, it is shown that coherent processing can provide a resolution far exceeding that supported by the radar's waveform.     

零训练样本的集中式MIMO雷达斜对称检测器

传统集中式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达自适应检测器虽然不需要训练样本即可实现目标检测,但在波形采样数较少时检测性能下降明显。该文利用集中式MIMO雷达噪声协方差矩阵的斜对称结构,基于广义似然比(Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test, GLRT)准则和Wald准则,提出了相应的斜对称检测器,并给出了统计分布特性及检测概率和虚警概率的解析表达式。仿真结果表明所提检测器在波形采样数较少时仍可获得较好的检测性能,同时证明了理论分析的正确性。     

色噪声下共址MIMO雷达自适应检测波形设计

研究了存在色噪声时共址MIMO雷达的自适应检测波形设计问题.推导了检测率、虚警率与发射波形关系的表达式.鉴于该表达式的复杂性,引入两个渐近准则,即相对熵和散度准则,同时推导了最优检测波形的闭式解.经理论分析和实验仿真得出结论:两种信息论准则对应的最优波形是一致的;最优检测波形与目标、噪声匹配;最优检测波形的信噪比同时也达到最优.     

集中式多输入多输出雷达多功能波形优化设计

针对集中式多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达波形设计中多个设计目标同时优化的问题,基于交替投影的思想,该文提出一种以任意维迭代谱逼近算法(ADISAA)为基础的波形设计框架,通过可调的权重来协调发射方向图匹配、良好的相关特性和频谱凹口等多种功能的波形设计目标,最终实现恒模波形设计。仿真结果表明,相对于已有的算法,在发射方向图匹配的基础上,该算法改善了发射波形在指定区间的相关特性,同时通过频谱凹口的设计避开了受到色噪声和有源干扰污染的频段,算法的计算复杂度更低。     

集中式MIMO雷达研究进展：正交波形设计与信号处理

集中式多输入多输出（Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO）雷达通常利用正交波形增加发射波形自由度,采用数字阵列拓展空间收发自由度,使得雷达接收机的天线孔径获得明显扩展,最终带来空间分辨率、测角精确度、杂波抑制能力等大幅度提升。但是,这些性能提升的前提是发射波形具有正交特性。事实上,在实际应用中,在不牺牲时域/频域资源情况下,受限于时宽带宽积,无法获得完全正交的波形集合,从而限制了MIMO雷达系统性能。本文对集中式MIMO雷达正交波形复用的技术原理进行了系统回顾,分别归纳了三种快时间发射波形设计方法：时分复用（Time Division Multiplexing, TDM）、码分复用（Code Division Multiplexing,CDM）和频分复用 （Frequency Division Multiplexing, FDM）,以及两种慢时间发射波形设计方法：多普勒分复用（Doppler Division Multiplexing,DDM）和随机相位编码波形,并对其优缺点进行对比。同时,对快时间MIMO和慢时间MIMO的信号处理流程进行归纳综合,给出基于匹配滤波的集中式MIMO雷达统一信号处理框架。为了展示不同波形对成像性能的影响,本文给出了基于三维匹配滤波的MIMO雷达成像结果。最后,结合实际应用问题,指出当前MIMO雷达面临的技术难点和发展趋势。     

一种用于高频雷达探测性能评估的方法

分布式MIMO雷达各站大间距分布式布站,带来了时间同步性的问题。分析了分布式MIMO雷达基于导航卫星的时间同步模型的工作原理,并对分布式MIMO雷达的信号模型和目标定位数学模型进行了推导。针对分布式MIMO雷达时间同步问题,通过干扰机对分布式MIMO雷达的导航卫星信号实施转发欺骗延时干扰,使各雷达子站时间上产生误差,从而使分布式MIMO雷达的观测通道的延时增大或者减小,造成分布式MIMO雷达目标定位误差。最后仿真从分布式MIMO雷达的目标定位精度上分析了该方法的干扰效果,结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于二阶锥优化方法的MIMO阵列发射方向图设计

由于MIMO 阵列发射方向图通常是由期望方向图优化出信号协方差矩阵来实现,其方法运算量大且算法性能依赖参数选取等。该文提出利用基于二阶锥优化(second-order cone programs)方法的主瓣宽度约束条件下最低旁瓣波束形成构造出一组较低旁瓣的基波束,在集中式MIMO阵列的任意发射方向图可以由一组基波束合成的基础上,应用线性规划方法快速求解出构成发射方向图的基波束的比例系数。该方法设计的方向图具有更低的旁瓣和更加平滑的主瓣指向,仿真结果证实了方法的有效性。     

Target Velocity Estimation and Antenna Placement for MIMO Radar With Widely Separated Antennas

This paper studies the velocity estimation performance for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with widely spaced antennas. We derive the Cramer–Rao bound (CRB) for velocity estimation and study the optimized system/configuration design based on CRB. General results are presented for an extended target with reflectivity varying with look angle. Then detailed analysis is provided for a simplified case, assuming an isotropic scatterer. For given transmitted signals, optimal antenna placement is analyzed in the sense of minimizing the CRB of the velocity estimation error. We show that when all antennas are located at approximately the same distance from the target, symmetrical placement is optimal and the relative position of transmitters and receivers can be arbitrary under the orthogonal received signal assumption. In this case, it is also shown that for MIMO radar with optimal placement, velocity estimation accuracy can be improved by increasing either the signal time duration or the product of the number of transmit and receive antennas.      

集中式O FDM-MIMO雷达自适应检测算法

针对频率分集条件下，集中式OFDM-MIMO雷达在未知杂波环境中的目标检测问题，首先分析了OFDM-MIMO雷达回波数据模型，由于OFDM-MIMO雷达的频率分集特性，不同频率通道回波数据相互独立，在此基础上，分别基于一步和两步广义最大似然比准则，给出了集中式OFDM-MIMO雷达GLRT和OFDM-MIMO雷达AMF两种检测器，并分析了这两种检测器的恒虚警特性。两种检测器有效利用集中式OFDM-MIMO雷达频率分集特性，提升目标检测性能，同时降低了矩阵求逆维数，以及参考单元数目的要求，并且具有恒虚警性能。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

Performance Analysis of Colocated MIMO Radars with Randomly Distributed Arrays in Compound-Gaussian Clutter

This paper focuses on the target detection problem for colocated MIMO radar with randomly distributed arrays in the presence of compound-Gaussian clutter with unknown Power Spectral Density (PSD). First, we derive the Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) assuming known covariance structure, and then, three different covariance estimation strategies, i.e., Sampled Covariance Matrix (SCM), Normalized Sampled Covariance Matrix (NSCM), and Fixed Point Estimation (FPE) Matrix, are introduced in place of the exact one to make the derived GLRT fully adaptive. Thorough numerical evaluations of the detection performance are provided and discussed.     

分布式发射天线MIMO信号的最优线性检测

 在分布式发射天线多输入多输出(MIMO)系统中,信道传播时延使各个发射天线的符号异步到达接收天线.接收信号符号间干扰的特殊性使分布式发射天线MIMO信号的线性检测算法更加复杂,最优线性检测算法也不能直接由最小均方误差(MMSE)准则得到.针对这一问题,提出了基于MMSE准则的分布式发射天线MIMO信号的最优线性检测算法:先最大比合并,再最小均方误差检测.并且,通过界定误码率上下限,得到其分集阶数.仿真结果验证了最优线性检测接收端信号处理方式的正确性.     

A Differential Modulation Scheme for MIMO Links with Distributed Transmit Antennas

This letter proposes a differential en/decoding scheme for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication links with distributed transmit antennas, in which neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows channel knowledge. The proposed scheme is based on the layered differential space-time codes we present. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance is nonidentical in different channel propagation delay cases. The optimum delay time for two transmit antennas system, for example, is about 0.6T_s (where T_s denotes symbol period) when the links achieve better performance.     

Transmit Subaperturing for MIMO Radars With Co-Located Antennas

We present a transmit subaperturing (TS) approach for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars with co-located antennas. The proposed scheme divides the transmit array elements into multiple groups, each group forms a directional beam and modulates a distinct waveform, and all beams are steerable and point to the same direction. The resulting system is referred to as a TS-MIMO radar. A TS-MIMO radar is a tunable system that offers a continuum of operating modes from the phased-array radar, which achieves the maximum directional gain but the least interference rejection ability, to the omnidirectional transmission based MIMO radar, which can handle the largest number of interference sources but offers no directional gain. Tuning of the TS-MIMO system can be easily made by changing the configuration of the transmit subapertures, which provides a direct tradeoff between the directional gain and interference rejection power of the system. The performance of the TS-MIMO radar is examined in terms of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of an adaptive beamformer in an interference and training limited environment, where we show analytically how the output SINR is affected by several key design parameters, including the size/number of the subapertures and the number of training signals. Our results are verified by computer simulation and comparisons are made among various operating modes of the proposed TS-MIMO system.      

一种MIMO智能天线融合方法研究

提出一种采用波束调度策略的MIMO与智能天线融合设计方案,用以解决MIMO传输中空域相关性问题。融合方案在天线结构上以智能天线单元组建MIMO阵列,智能天线单元之间协同工作。分析了采用波束调度时的MIMO矩阵构成及其合并接收方式,给出一种波束间空域相关性的计算方法。仿真结果表明,在小角度扩展条件下,同指向的波束相关性与全向阵元相关性相似,而波束调度策略具有良好的去相关性,能有效提高MIMO信道容量。     

MIMO雷达双边约束自适应波束形成

提出基于虚拟阵列的MIMO雷达双边约束自适应波束形成算法.该算法将联合线性约束条件分解成两个线性约束条件的Kronecker积,分别计算接收和发射阵列的两组低维权值,并且从收、发阵列方向导向矢量间的映射关系出发,导出发射阵列权值的计算公式.与仅利用接收阵列的自适应波束形成算法相比,该算法在强干扰处的零值深度更深、角度分辨率更高;与联合约束自适应波束形成算法相比,计算的复杂度大大降低.仿真试验验证了算法的有效性.     

基于通道选择技术的统计MIMO雷达CFAR检测器

研究了基于通道选择技术的统计多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达恒虚警(CFAR)检测问题,提出了基于顺序统计量(Or-der Statistic,OS)的通道选择技术及其两种CFAR检测方法。第一种是在事先估计或先验已知有效通道数量me的前提下,非相参积累me个最大的局部检测统计量形成最终的检测统计量,即OS-GLRT检测器。第二种则是采用或规则,对各种有效通道数量假设条件下得出的OS-GLRT检测器的判决结果进行融合,从而克服了OS-GLRT检测器对有效通道数量估计值比较敏感的问题。所得到的MOS-GLRT检测算法无需估计有效通道数量,且在各种输出信噪比分布模型下都具有良好的检测性能。     

一种新体制雷达-MIMO雷达

MIMO雷达是近年来提出的一种新体制雷达,它利用空间分集技术,有效地克服了目标RCS起伏影响,提高了雷达的性能.本文对MIMO雷达的原理进行了阐述,对其编码形式和信号处理过程进行了分析.最后对MIMO雷达的特点进行了总结并与SIAR做了简单的对比.