PAN-VAc电纺复合纤维膜性能研究

采用水相沉淀聚合法制备了不同摩尔配比的丙烯腈(AN)-醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)共聚物,通过静电纺丝制备了不同聚合物电纺液浓度及不同共聚配比的聚丙烯腈-醋酸乙烯酯复合纤维膜,利用偏光显微镜、差示扫描量热分析(DSC)、热重分析(TG)和力学性能测试等手段对电纺纤维进行表征。结果表明,随电纺液浓度升高,电纺纤维直径变粗;随着醋酸乙烯酯含量的增加,PAN-VAc复合纤维热稳定性增加,其拉伸强度和拉伸模量增加。经冷压处理后,AN/VAc摩尔比为85/15的电纺膜的拉伸强度增加幅度达52.93%,而拉伸模量增加幅度达40.89%。     

聚-DL/L-丙交酯(30DL/70L)纳米纤维的电纺研究

对生物可吸收聚-DL/L-丙交酯(30DL/70L)体系进行了静电纺丝.研究了聚-DL/L-丙交酯(30DL/70L)的浓度,加料速度,电压,喷头与接收体之间的距离等因素对纤维形态的影响,制备出纳米纤维膜,并用扫描电镜(SEM)等对纤维膜进行表征.结果表明,电纺溶液浓度和溶剂对纤维直径影响比较明显,减小电纺溶液浓度和采用复合溶剂CHCl3/DMF可得到更细的纳米纤维;一定范围内适当的增加电压、减小距离和减小加料速度有利于减小纤维直径.在聚-DL/L-丙交酯(30DL/70L)浓度为5g/100mL溶剂、加料速度1mL/h、喷头与接收体之间的距离6cm、电压15kV电纺条件下,可制备直径50nm左右的聚-DL/L-丙交酯(30DL/70L)纳米纤维膜.     

静电纺丝制备聚乙烯醇/再生柞蚕丝素蛋白复合纳米纤维

将聚乙烯醇(PVA)与再生柞蚕丝素蛋白(RWSF)共混,通过静电纺丝技术制备了PVA/RWSF复合纳米纤维,在保持材料降解性能和力学强度不变的前提下,获得了具有生物活性的表面。应用正交法优选出PVA/RWSF复合纳米纤维的最佳制备工艺参数。扫描电镜观察到,各组电纺膜中纤维的形貌较好,不同参数条件下纤维的直径和均匀程度有较大差别;方差分析表明,静电纺丝过程中纺丝液浓度、PVA/RWSF质量比和纺丝电压对纤维均匀性的影响显著;结合后期验证性实验确定PVA/RWSF复合纳米纤维最佳电纺参数为电纺液浓度0.09 g/mL、PVA/RWSF质量比90/10、纺丝电压18kV、推进速度1.5mL/h、接收距离14cm,此时制备的纤维均一、纤细,重复性好。     

纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的热辐射性能研究

基于静电纺丝技术和逐层自组装技术制备得到了组装层数分别为0、2、4和6的纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料。基于SEM和FT-IR等性能测试与理论计算方法,获得了纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的结构和热辐射性能。在结构方面,随着TiO_2组装层数的增多,纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的平均纤维直径增大,TiO_2在组装层中的百分比也增大;在热性能方面,纳米电纺纤维组装TiO_2(2层)后,红外光谱透过率和辐射热导率均显著减小;随着组装TiO_2层数的增多,纳米TiO_2/纤维复合材料的辐射热导率得到了进一步的减小,指出了这是由于纳米TiO_2颗粒表现出很强的散射和吸收消光的结果。     

PFSA/ PVDF同轴核壳纤维质子交换膜的性能研究

构建具有核壳纤维结构的同轴电纺PFSA/PVDF质子交换膜.同轴纤维中的PFSA壳层纤维提供长程质子传输通道及高电导率,PVDF核层纤维提供强机械性能及抗溶胀性,同轴纤维限域效应将核壳层纤维中PFSA组分粘合,增强了PFSA和PVDF的界面结合.与共混浇铸膜与单轴电纺膜相比,同轴电纺膜在低溶胀条件下,表现出更高的机械强度、质子传导率和电池性能.同轴电纺膜最大拉伸强度达60.8 MPa,相较于单轴电纺膜(39.1 MPa)提高55.5%;其最大拉伸应变为180.2%,比浇铸膜提高了122.5%.80℃下,同轴电纺膜的质子传导率高达206.9 mS/cm,与Nafion 211相当,其峰值功率密度为941.7 mW/cm²,比浇铸膜提高80.9%,比单轴电纺膜(748.9 mW/cm²)提高25.7%.同轴电纺膜也显示出优异的阻气、抗氧化性能.研究表明同轴电纺质子交换膜用于燃料电池具有更好的前景.     

CoFe2O4-SiO2电纺纳米纤维的对喷制备技术与磁性研究

将溶胶-凝胶法和新型双喷丝头静电纺丝技术相结合,制备了CoFe2O4-SiO2电纺纳米纤维材料。利用热分析法(TG-DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)等测试手段,表征了所研制纳米纤维的晶型结构、纤维形貌以及磁学性能。研究结果表明,样品中CoFe2O4为单畴结构,纤维直径在100nm左右,非晶态SiO2的存在有效抑制了CoFe2O4晶粒的生长;煅烧温度对纤维形貌和晶型结构有较大影响,随着煅烧温度的升高,饱和磁化强度(Ms)和剩余磁化强度(Mr)均增大,但矫顽力(Hc)和剩磁比(Mr/Ms)呈波动变化。     

气流电纺丝基夹心净化材料的制备与表征

纳米TiO2作为一种高效、无毒的光催化剂,在环保领域得到了广泛应用。其应用首先应考虑和解决的就是其有效负载问题。文中采用气流电纺法制备了TiO2/尼龙6(PA6)纳米复合纤维。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDX)和热重分析(TG)等技术手段对纤维形貌与结构进行了表征,并采用Shake Flask法对纤维抗菌性能进行了测试。结果表明,气流电纺纤维的平均直径在60 nm～65 nm之间,杀菌率最高可达99.74%。通过热压将此纤维制备成"夹心"式净化材料,其对1μm的PS微球的过滤效率可达99.50%。     

具有保温性能的电纺LA/PET纳米纤维复合织物的制备与表征

本文制备了电纺月桂酸(LA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维/机织物的复合织物,并对其进行了表征.选用纯棉纱线、毛纱线、涤棉纱线、腈纶纱线和涤纶纱线分别作为经纬纱线,在实验室制备机织物小样,同时,通过静电纺丝法制备LA/PET纳米纤维,将LA包裹在PET基材之中.之后通过缝合的方式,将电纺LA/PET纳米纤维和机织物构造成三明治结构的复合织物.对纳米纤维的形貌和热性能进行了表征,并分别探究了LA/PET的质量比,机织物组织结构和机织物材料对复合织物保温性能的影响.结果表明:LA/PET纳米纤维呈圆柱形,具有光滑表面,LA和PET展现出良好的相容性,热焓值略低于理论值,但相变温度改变不大.复合织物的热保温性能测试表明,复合织物的保温性能都优于未加入相变材料的织物,同时展现出良好的热循环稳定性.     

具有保温性能的电纺LA/PET纳米纤维复合织物的制备与表征（英文）

本文制备了电纺月桂酸(LA)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)纳米纤维/机织物的复合织物,并对其进行了表征。选用纯棉纱线、毛纱线、涤棉纱线、腈纶纱线和涤纶纱线分别作为经纬纱线,在实验室制备机织物小样,同时,通过静电纺丝法制备LA/PET纳米纤维,将LA包裹在PET基材之中。之后通过缝合的方式,将电纺LA/PET纳米纤维和机织物构造成三明治结构的复合织物。对纳米纤维的形貌和热性能进行了表征,并分别探究了LA/PET的质量比,机织物组织结构和机织物材料对复合织物保温性能的影响。结果表明:LA/PET纳米纤维呈圆柱形,具有光滑表面,LA和PET展现出良好的相容性,热焓值略低于理论值,但相变温度改变不大。复合织物的热保温性能测试表明,复合织物的保温性能都优于未加入相变材料的织物,同时展现出良好的热循环稳定性。     

十二酸十二酯/复合聚乙烯醇调温电纺纤维的制备及性能

为改善聚乙烯醇(PVA)对相变材料十二酸十二酯(PCM)的包封稳定性与力学性能,以经戊二醛交联改性的复合分子量共混PVA作为支撑材料、以十二酸十二酯作为相变材料,采用乳液静电纺丝技术制备了PCM/PVA蓄热调温纤维.采用旋转流变仪、扫描电镜、差示扫描量热仪、温度记录仪、热红外成像仪、多功能拉伸仪等研究了O/W型PCM/PVA纺丝液的组成及电纺纤维的表面形貌、储热性能、调温性能和力学性能等.研究结果表明,以不同相对分子质量的PVA1和PVA2共混制备复合PVA,当PVA1与PVA2质量比为3:7,PVA质量分数为14.0％,PCM与PVA质量比为50:100时,PCM/PVA纺丝液具有良好的稳定性和可纺性.电纺PCM/PVA纤维具有良好的蓄热调温性、热循环稳定性、耐水稳定性和力学性能,热处理后PCM/PVA电纺纤维中的PCM几乎无泄露.     

PDMS/SiO2杂化材料研究进展

综述了近年来ＰＤＭＳ／ＳｉＯ２杂化材料的研究结果,讨论其杂化机理、结构性能的影响因素及应用前景。     

Fabrication of silica/PDMS hybrid nanoparticles by a novel solvent adjustment route

The silica/polydimethylsilane (PDMS) hybrid nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by a novel solvent adjustment route. The as-prepared hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis spectra, and IR spectra. The possible mechanism for the formation of silica/PDMS nanoparticles was discussed. The adjustment of solvents is a very important factor since it could tune the surface ligands and improve the coordination ability. On the other hand, it could also tune the interaction between precursors, intermediate or the target hybrid materials and guarantee the monodispersion of prepared nanoparticles. With the merits of PDMS and silica, the as-prepared SiO2-PDMS hybrid nanoparticles have a good application in hard coating material.     

柔性可拉伸硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/硅橡胶可穿戴应变传感纤维

基于核-壳结构设计,采用简便、低成本的浸涂-固化法制得柔性、可拉伸、高灵敏且稳定的聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶@多壁碳纳米管/聚二甲基硅氧烷硅橡胶(PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS)压阻式应变传感纤维。通过FTIR、XRD、TG、TEM对硅烷偶联剂改性多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs-KH570)的化学结构、热稳定性和微观形貌进行了分析,深入研究了核-壳结构与MWCNTs-KH570质量分数对PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维导电性能、传感性能及力学性能的影响规律与机制。结果表明:羟基化MWCNTs(MWCNTs—OH)表面接枝KH570使其在壳层PDMS基体中具有良好的分散性和界面相互作用;核-壳结构的设计使PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维在低填充下具有高电导率和传感性能;PDMS@MWCNTs/PDMS复合纤维的导电性能与传感性能随着MWCNTs-KH570质量分数增加而提高,且在人体关节运动监测中表现出良好的可重复性和工作稳定性。      

Sol-gel coating technology for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction fibers of enhanced thermal stability

A novel sol-gel method is described for the preparation of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. The protective polyimide coating was removed from a 1-cm end segment of a 200 μm o.d. fused-silica fiber, and the exposed outer surface was coated with a bonded sol-gel layer of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS). The chemistry behind this coating technique is presented. Efficient SPME-GC analyses of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, aniline derivatives, alcohols, and phenolic compounds in dilute aqueous solutions were achieved using sol-gel-coated PDMS fibers. The extracted analytes were transferred to a GC injector using an in-house-designed SPME syringe that also allowed for easy change of SPME fibers. Electron microscopy experiments suggested a porous structure for the sol-gel coating with a thickness of ～10 μm. The coating porosity provided higher surface area and allowed for the use of thinner coatings (compared with 100-μm-thick coatings for conventional SPME fibers) to achieve acceptable stationary-phase loadings and sample capacities. Enhanced surface area of sol-gel coatings, in turn, provided efficient analyte extraction rates from solution. Experimental results on thermal stability of sol-gel PDMS fibers were compared with those for commercial 100-μm PDMS fibers. Our findings suggest that sol-gel PDMS fibers possess significantly higher thermal stability (>320 °C) than conventionally coated PDMS fibers that often start bleeding at 200 °C. This is due, in part, to the strong chemical bonding between the sol-gel-generated organic-inorganic composite coating and the silica surface. Enhanced thermal stability allowed the use of higher injection port temperatures for efficient desorption of less-volatile analytes and should translate into extended range of analytes that can be handled by SPME-GC techniques. Experimental evidence is provided that supports the operational advantages of sol-gel coatings in SPME-GC analysis.     

Characterization and bioactive properties of zirconia based polymeric hybrid for orthopedic applications

Zirconia is a transition metal oxide with current applications to orthopedic implants. It has been shown to up-regulate specific genes involved in bio-integration and injury repair. This study examines the effects of zirconia and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrids on the proliferation and viability of human primary osteoblast and fibroblast cells. In this study, zirconia–PDMS hybrid coatings were synthesized using a modified sol gel process. The hybrid material was characterized using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis. This study demonstrates that Zr–PMDS surface materials display hydrophobic surface properties coupled with a preferential deposition of polymer near the surface. Primary osteoblast and fibroblast proliferation and viability on hybrid coated surfaces were evaluated via a rapid screening methodology using WST-1 and calcein AM assays. The cells were seed at 5,000 cells per well in 96-well plates coated with various composition of Zr–PDMS hybrids. The results showed increasing cell proliferation with increasing zirconia concentration, which peaked at 90 % v/v zirconia. Proliferation of osteoblasts and fibroblasts displayed similar trends on the hybrid material, although osteoblasts displayed a bi-phasic dose response by the calcein AM assay. The results of this current study show that Zr–PDMS may be used to influence tissue–implant integration, supporting the use of the hybrid as a promising coating for orthopedic trauma implants.     

Replication of a thin polydimethylsiloxane stamp and its application to dual-nanoimprint lithography for 3D hybrid nano/micropatterns

This paper presents the fabrication of a thin and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp with a thickness of a few tens of um and its application to nanoimprint lithography (NIL). The PDMS material generally has a low elastic modulus and high adhesive characteristics. Therefore, after being treated, the thin PDMS stamp is easily deformed and torn, adhering to itself and other materials. This paper introduces the use of a metal ring around the flange of a thin PDMS stamp to assist with the handling of this material. A PDMS stamp with a motheye pattern in nanometer scale was inserted between a substrate and a microstamp with concave patterns in micrometer scale. Subsequently, three-dimensional (3D) hybrid nano/micropatterns were fabricated by pressing these two stamps and curing the resist. The fabricated hybrid patterns were measured and verified in both the microscale and nanoscale. The process, termed "dual NIL," can be applied to the fabrication of optical components or bio-sensors that require repetitive nanopatterns on micropatterns.     

Electrospun fiber template for replica molding of microtopographical neural growth guidance

A method for replica molding electrospun (ES) fibers on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is developed for culturing and guiding of cells, instead of ES fibers. With this method, microgrooves and microstructures composed of microgrooves can be obtained. PDMS is integrated into the microfluidic chip as a substrate to successfully pattern and guide neurites on the PDMS surface with microgrooves.     

Sampling and Raman confocal microspectroscopic analysis of airborne particulate matter using poly(dimethylsiloxane) solid-phase microextraction fibers

Commercial poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) 7-microm solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers were used for sampling and Raman spectroscopic analysis of a tailpipe diesel exhaust, candle smoke, cigarette smoke, and asbestos dust. Samples were collected via direct exposure of the SPME fiber to contaminated air. The mass loading for SPME fibers was varied by changing the sampling time. Results indicate that PDMS-coated fibers provide a simple, fast, reusable, and cost-effective air sampling tool for airborne particulates. The PDMS coating was stable; Raman bands of the PDMS coating were observed exactly at the same wavenumber positions before and after air sampling. Raman spectroscopic analysis resulted in identification of several characteristic bands allowing chemical speciation of particulates. The advantage of the SPME fiber is the open bed geometry allowing for application of various spectroscopic methods of particulate analysis. This paper describes the first-ever combined application of SPME technology with Raman confocal microspectroscopy for sampling and analysis of airborne particulates. Advantages of the combination of solid-phase microextraction and Raman microspectroscopy for airborne particulate analysis are discussed. Challenges associated with combined SPME sampling and Raman analysis of single particles are also described.     

Adsorption versus Absorption of Polychlorinated Biphenyls onto Solid-Phase Microextraction Coatings

Absorption-based polymeric solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coatings were used to determine the partitioning coefficients of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) between the sorptive fiber coatings and water. Previous models showing very good correlations between octanol-water partitioning coefficients (K(ow)) and absorption-based fiber-water partitioning coefficients (K(dv)) for low-molecular-weight analytes failed to predict K(dv) values for PCBs. In fact, K(dv) values for PCBs were 1-7 orders of magnitude lower than those predicted by K(ow) and actually showed a strong negative correlation between K(ow) and K(dv) for higher molecular weight analytes (MW >～200). K(dv) values obtained using PDMS fibers with 7- and 100-μm coatings also disagree, demonstrating that K(dv) cannot be used to describe the partitioning behavior of PCBs between PDMS and water. However, when PCB partitioning coefficients were calculated on the basis of surface area (K(ds)), the K(ds) values obtained using 7- and 100-μm PDMS fibers agreed reasonably well, demonstrating that surface adsorption is the primary mechanism controlling PCB (and likely other higher molecular weight solutes) partitioning from water to SPME sorbents.     

聚二甲基硅烷的表征及其热裂解研究

聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)是制备SiC纤维的原料.对PDMS的元素组成、结构、水含量、苯可溶物含量及其热分解产物的组成、结构进行了分析.研究表明,PDMS的化学式为SiC2.01H9.34O0.06,PDMS中水含量约为1.38%,苯可溶物含量约为4.12%(质量分数,下同).其中苯可溶物为硅氧化合物.在使用前对PDMS进行干燥和苯洗,可降低PDMS的氧含量,提高PCS的质量等级.PDMS在N2裂解后,裂解气体、液态产物LPS、可溶裂解固体剩余物LPCS、不溶裂解固体剩余物三部分的平均产率分别约为7.1%,80.2%,11.1%和1.6%.对LPS,LPCS的红外分析表明,LPS是含有Si-CH2-Si和Si-Si主链段结构的硅碳硅烷组成的混合物,而LPCS则是典型的聚碳硅烷.