无机添加剂对铅蓄电池充放电过程的影响

通过充放电曲线法研究无机添加剂对铅蓄电池充放电过程的影响。研究发现,硫酸钠添加剂对恒电流放电容量的影响分为两个阶段,在循环初期使电池放电容量增大,但在循环后期使放电容量减小;硫酸镉添加剂使电池在恒电流条件下放电容量增大;硫酸铍和硫酸铵在整个循环过程中均使放电容量减小。     

高铁酸钾制备和不同添加剂对高铁电池放电性能的影响

高铁酸盐作为电池的阴极具有许多独特的优点.综述高铁酸钾的最新合成方法,并添加钛、NiOOH、Li2CO3等添加剂,对其改善高铁电池的放电性能进行了讨论与分析.实验结果表明这几种添加剂对高铁电池放电效率有很大的提高.     

无机添加剂对负蓄电池充放电过程的影响

通过充放电曲线法研究无机添加剂对铅蓄电池充放电过程的影响。研究发现,硫铅钠添加剂对恒电流放电容量的影响分为两个阶段,在循环初期使电池放电容量增大,但在循环后期放电容量减小;硫酸镉添加剂电池在恒电流条件下容量增大;硫酸铍和硫酸铵在整个循环过程中均使放电容量减小。     

酞菁铁添加剂对AB3型镍氢电池电化学性能影响

采用共沉淀还原扩散法制备了La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金.以固相法合成酞菁铁,研究了酞菁铁作为镍氢电池电解液添加剂和负极添加剂时对电池电化学性能的影响,结果表明,在电解液中,当酞菁铁添加量为0.045％时,电池的最大放电容量提高了20 mAh/g,容量衰减率降低了10.98％;在电池负极中,当酞菁铁添加量为1.0％时,电池的最大放电容量提高了40 mAh/g,容量衰减率降低了13.14％.     

钙—亚硫酰氯电池的研究

本文研究了室温下阴极限容的Ca/SOCl_2电池的放电性能,阐述了电极和电解液的制备方法。实验结果表明,阴极添加剂CuCl_2或CuBr_2对电池电压和放电容量有明显影响。     

铅酸蓄电池电解液添加剂的研究

研究了铅酸蓄电池电解液中加入添加剂对电池性能的影响。通过测定电池放电容量、充电接受能力、极化曲线及荷电保持能力 ,比较了在电解液中加入E、F两种添加剂和不加添加剂的电池性能。结果表明 :在电解液中加入E、F添加剂后 ,电池的充电接受能力尤其是低温充电接受能力得以大大改善 ,并提高了负极析氢过电位 ,从而降低了电池贮存过程中的自放电。     

绿色超铁电池放电性能研究进展

介绍了导致超铁电池不稳定的因素,分析了BaFeO4电极的放电能最大大优于MnO:电极,也稍优于K2FeO4电极的主要原因.同时提出了通过添加剂改善阴极材料或更换阳极材料可以提高超铁电池的放电性能.     

导电剂对柔性锌锰电池放电性能的研究

研究了掺杂多壁碳纳米管、石墨及乙炔炭黑对柔性锌锰电池电化学性能的影响。分别在不同的放电电流的条件下,测试电池的放电性能。研究结果显示,掺杂导电剂后锌锰电池的性能均得到显著提高。其中碳纳米管掺杂锌锰电池表现性能最佳,其次是乙炔炭黑和石墨。其中掺杂碳纳米管电池0.2 mA放电时间高达252 h,容量为50.4 mA·h,且在0.8 mA和1 mA较大电流放电时,容量损失率最低,其掺杂效应远高于其他导电添加剂。     

酞菁铁添加剂对AB_3型镍氢电池电化学性能影响

采用共沉淀还原扩散法制备了La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5Co0.5合金。以固相法合成酞菁铁,研究了酞菁铁作为镍氢电池电解液添加剂和负极添加剂时对电池电化学性能的影响,结果表明,在电解液中,当酞菁铁添加量为0.045%时,电池的最大放电容量提高了20 mAh/g,容量衰减率降低了10.98%;在电池负极中,当酞菁铁添加量为1.0%时,电池的最大放电容量提高了40 mAh/g,容量衰减率降低了13.14%。     

添加不同矿物的电解液对锂离子电池性能影响研究

研究了钠长石、滑石、蛭石作为电解液添加剂对锂离子电池性能影响,结果表明,滑石、蛭石矿物对锂离子电池的放电倍率、循环性能、稳定性等方面具有促进作用,而钠长石作用不明显。     

Power and life enhancement of battery-electrical double layer capacitor for hybrid electric and charge-depleting plug-in vehicle applications

The performance of a battery-EDLC hybrid power source under pulse-operated power systems is theoretically and experimentally analyzed.Electrical double layer capacitors (or EDLC) enhance the power of lead-acid battery as it acts as a buffer in charging and discharging. Consequently, this hybrid technology is able to provide and absorb charge rapidly during vehicle acceleration and braking. The experimental results show considerable extension of runtime and reducing of internal losses.Using this association, the battery current draw is reduced and the EDLC source supplies the majority of transient current. As a result the battery stress is reduced up to 58%. Other laboratory tests showed a substantial improvement over stand-alone lead-acid battery pack and the lifetime of the battery is increased with 30%. This article proposes a new approach to perform accelerated life cycle analysis of lead-acid batteries with/without EDLC based on Dynamic Endurance Test according to standard IEC 61982-2.At least the power capabilities and internal resistance characteristics during charge/discharge of this technology have been evaluated by hybrid pulse power characterization test (HPPC). This paper introduces further new definition of the battery stress in terms of battery current and depth of discharge.     

An electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy study of the influence of positive plate compression on the electrochemical behaviour of lead-acid batteries

This study has developed an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method for the in situ investigation of the influence of positive plate compression on the electrochemical behaviour of lead-acid batteries during charge/discharge cycling. The EIS data for a fully charged and fully discharged battery are internally consistent with the expected kinetics of a battery in the opposite states of charge, and demonstrate that EIS measurements may be recorded with a high level of reproducibility. Furthermore, this study has necessitated the development of a special cell incorporating horizontally orientated battery plates that can be subjected to elevated pressure through the stacking of lead bricks on top of the cell, as well as a physically robust reference electrode system that can withstand the application of pressure. For this purpose, a platinum-wire pseudo-reference electrode has been developed, and has been shown to exhibit sufficient electrode stability over the period of an EIS recording, enabling the measurement of reproducible and meaningful EIS data. Additionally, the influence of positive plate compression on the behaviour of the lead-acid battery has been investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Clearly, the experimental data show that plate compression enhances significantly the kinetics and concomitant performance of the lead-acid battery, and this is related to the enhanced reactivity of the active material, as rationalized by using the agglomeration-of-spheres (AOS) model.     

Theory of porous electrodes—XIV the lead-acid cell

Based on the theory of the positive and negative plates of the lead-acid battery, a system of six partial differential equations and one integral equation was derived describing the behaviour of the complete cell. The theoretical discharge behaviour of the plates either separately or in a cell was compared. The theoretical discharge capacity of a lead-acid cell at normal temperature and discharge rates is limited by the positive plate. The theory shows that a certain optimum plate distance exists at which the cell capacity is highest.     

可溶铅酸液流电池模拟与仿真

可溶铅酸液流电池是一种使用单个容器存储电解液并且不需要微孔隔膜的氧化还原液流电池,这使得电池设计简单并降低了成本。建立二维暂态可溶铅酸液流电池模型,模型基于对质量、电荷以及能量的转移与守恒以及包含铅离子反应的宏观动力学模型为基础,研究了电极间隔、电极形状、电流密度、实验温度、入口电解液流速和电解质初始浓度对电池性能的影响。研究表明：与平板电极相比,弧形电极明显提高了充电时的电池电压。在影响铅酸液流电池性能的诸多条件中,电池温度和电流密度可能是优化电池性能的重要因素。     

优化铅酸电池管式正极制备工艺参数的研究

为提高铅酸电池管式正极容量和寿命,设定不同的浸酸浓度和固化温度,通过混料、灌粉、浸酸、固化、化成工艺制备了一系列铅酸电池管式正极,并与容量过剩的负极板组装成小电池,考察了关键工艺条件浸酸酸度和固化温度对生极板中四碱式硫酸铅（4BS）含量、形态及对熟极板容量和寿命等性能的影响,借助XRD和SEM从微观层面分析了原因。结果表明,过高或过低的酸度和固化温度都不利于提高铅酸电池正极容量和寿命,最终确定了铅酸电池管式正极容量和寿命综合性能最佳的浸渍硫酸密度为1.1 g/cm³,固化温度为60 ℃。     

Effect on cathodic reduction of β-PbO2 in sulfuric acid solution of surface concentration of Pb ions formed on β-PbO2

The discharge reaction of positive electrode of lead-acid battery was investigated with the rotating ring-disc electrode. The large supersaturation of Pb²⁺ ion on the electrode surface was obtained during discharge of initial period and the PbSO₄ nuclei was formed. The precipitation of PbSO₄ proceeded smoothly in the presence of PbSO₄ nuclei. In the steady state, the colloidal PbSO₄ film on the electrode surface of which stability depended on the concentrations of sulfuric acids was formed from the dissolving Pb²⁺ ions. Especially its stability in 1.0 M H₂SO₄ was so low that the concentration of Pb²⁺ ions during discharge was the largest of those in any other sulfuric acids, so that the effect of the film on the overpotential during galvanostatic discharge is the smallest, as discussed in a following paper[1].

The particle sizes of PbSO₄ precipitated during discharge were related to the concentration of Pb²⁺ ions on the electrode. These sizes increased with increasing concentration of Pb²⁺ ions. If the discharge capacity is limited by the passivation with PbSO₄ crystal, the use of 1.0 M H₂SO₄ as the electrolyte of lead-acid battery may be favoured.     

废旧铅酸电池的回收利用

介绍了废旧铅酸电池回收的意义及回收现状,概述了废旧铅酸蓄电池的回收利用技术,剖析了制约我国再生铅行业发展的主要因素,探讨了规范我国铅酸蓄电池回收利用体系的相关建议.     

Constant load vs constant current EIS study of electrochemical battery discharge

An experimental method to measure the impedance of electrochemical batteries during discharge has been developed. The method uses classical impedance-measurement apparatus and current perturbation to control a battery discharging into a constant load. Impedance measurements were carried out on sealed Ni---Cd cells with a capacity of 0.65 Ah using the classical modulated-current method and the new proposed method. The results are compared for cases in which both methods may be used. Impedance measurements carried out using the new method are also presented for sealed lead-acid cells with a capacity of 25 Ah and battery discharge currents greater than the maximum current that the regulation system could supply. These measurements show that the proposed method may be used with classical impedance-measurement set to test high-capacity and low impedance batteries during discharge into a constant load.