流变学在牙膏配方研究中的应用

阐述了运用流变学技术在牙膏配方研究中的应用，为牙膏的配方研究提供更多的信息，例如牙膏膏体的站立性、分散性等，从而为产品研发的配方设计提供有效的手段。     

由膏体流变性确定牙膏配方的研究

通过对牙膏膏体流变性能的研究,证明了用已知的流变学数据指导牙膏配方研制的可行性,为制定牙膏配方提供了理论依据。     

由膏体流变性确定牙膏配方的研究

通过对牙膏膏体流变性能的研究,证明了用已知的流变学数据指导牙膏配方研制的可行性,为制定牙膏配方提供了理论依据。     

《牙膏生产技术理论》系列讲座 第三讲 牙膏配方设计理论(待续)

正3牙膏配方设计的基础理论运用化学特别是物理化学中的相关理论对牙膏的结构与性能进行基础研究的工作一直没有停止,目前已得到实际应用的牙膏配方设计基础理论主要有:运用胶体化学理论对牙膏微观结构和流变性的研究、运用光学理论对牙膏透明度的研究、运用酸碱度理论对牙膏pH值的研究等。     

透明彩条牙膏的研制

本文从光学原理及物质的流变学特征出发,阐述了透明彩条牙膏的形成机理和制造工艺,并通过对各组分的性能比较及配伍性研究进行了配方设计。     

游离水控制与牙膏稳定性的试验研究

简要分析了牙膏稳定性问题中出水现象的主要原因，指出控制游离水从胶体网络中析出是解决问题的关键。通过试验对碳酸钙型牙膏、氢氧化铝型牙膏、磷酸氢钙型牙膏配方中游离水的定量控制进行了研究，结果表明：（1）配方中所能容纳的游离水含量，磷酸氢钙型牙膏小于氢氧化铝型牙膏，氢氧化铝型牙膏小于碳酸钙型牙膏。（2）加大山梨醇的用量和适当添加增稠型二氧化硅，有助于提高牙膏的稳定性。     

草珊瑚全效护理牙膏的研制

从考虑设计一个对牙齿及牙周组织有多种功效及护理的牙膏着手，展开了对牙膏功效物质选择及配伍、牙膏配方和配方的生产工艺等的试验、中试和小批量生产，最终制成了添加有草珊瑚中药成份的全效护理牙膏。     

牙膏的稳定性

从广义角度详细介绍了牙膏稳定性的标准要求和不稳定的具体表现，并从外包装、原料、配方和工艺4个方面对牙膏不稳定的主要原因进行丁逐项分析，从配方、工艺和检查3方面提出了控制牙膏稳定性的方法。     

中草药牙膏的研究方法

简述中草药牙膏研究过程中，从中草药筛选、提取工艺、牙膏配方、牙膏功效验证、牙膏质量控制等各个研究过程所要解决的问题，探讨研制中草药牙膏的科学可行方法。     

牙膏粘合剂协同效应在全山梨醇配方中的应用研究

本文系统地研究了常用牙膏粘合剂的协同效应及其在全山梨醇牙膏配方中的应用，通过大量实验获得了一些有效的数据和规律，可望在指导配方研究和降低产品成本方面取得实际应用价值。     

Association thickening of polymer latex dispersions

Low levels of addition of hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers to dispersions of colloidal polymer latices dramatically alter their rheological behaviour as measured over a wide range of simple shear rates. This measured rheological behaviour for a variety of thickener-latex systems demonstrates that the thickening mechanism is not merely that of thickening the continuous phase, water. Clearly an association between the principal components of the dispersion, the polymer latex and the thickening polymer, takes place. Additionally, in coatings formulations, surfactants and cosolvents are present and these contribute to and alter the mechanism of the thickening process. A variety of mechanisms can be proposed which influence the observed thickening. A set of polymer latices and associative thickeners have been used to experimentally investigate the sensitivities of the interactions and their effect on the rheology of the system.     

Preparation and characterization of imidazolyl ionic liquid-based shear thickening dispersion system

Shear thickening liquid (STF) is a new nonNewtonian fluid widely used in industrial production. In this paper, a novel shear thickening and dispersing system, namely poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)/1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexa-fluorophosphate ([BMIM]PF₆), was prepared using ultrasonic with PMMA as the dispersing phase and [BMIM]PF₆ as the dispersing medium. The stability, thixotropic, reversibility, rheology, and viscoelasticity of the dispersion system was studied, respectively. The dispersed system has good stability. The dispersed system shows high response sensitivity to shear rate, as well as good reversibility to shear thickening. Compared with traditional silicon dioxide/polyethylene glycol dispersion system, PMMA/[BMIM]PF₆ dispersion system displays a significantly enhanced shear thickening effect. Nonionic surfactant triton X-100 of 4 wt% can greatly improve PMMA/[BMIM]PF₆ dispersion system's shear thickening behavior. This paper provides a new idea for the further development of protective materials by using STF.     

用作牙膏磨擦剂和增稠剂的二氧化硅

综述了沉淀法二氧化硅用于牙膏增稠剂和磨擦剂的作用和技术要求。增稠型二氧化硅引入牙膏配方后提供很好的假塑性和触变性，增稠作用显著，长期贮存稳定性好。二氧化硅作为牙膏磨擦剂具有洁齿能力强、物理性能好、化学性质稳定、与牙膏膏体中其它配料的相容性好的优点。特别指出了低磨蚀、低折光率的二氧化硅用于儿童牙膏和透明牙膏。     

Poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/magnesium hydroxide composites with on‐demand thickening at high temperatures

Magnesium hydroxide, when melt extruded with poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) at low concentrations (1–3 wt.%), can be melt processed during extrusion and injection molding. When the polymer is heated in the melt to 295°C, the viscosity of the composite behaves similarly to control samples and the viscosity decreases as a function of temperature. When the temperature of the composite is raised above 295°C (above the normal processing conditions for PTT), a significant change in the melt rheology of the composite is observed relative to unfilled compositions. This change in melt rheology coincides with the decomposition temperature of magnesium hydroxide and formation of magnesium oxide, a common thickening agent employed in unsaturated polyester resins. Lower processing temperature polyesters, including PTT, enable processing of the polymer in the presence of magnesium hydroxide under normal conditions. The viscosity modifier ‘turns on’ when the composite sees elevated temperature where magnesium oxide is known to form. The magnesium oxide is hypothesized to interact with PTT carboxyl end groups, providing the observed increase in viscosity. The rheological response observed in the composites is dependent on the concentration of magnesium hydroxide. During burning, the viscosity modifier results in a non‐dripping formulation of PTT. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Cationic brush‐like terpolymer with pH responsive thickening behavior in a surfactant system

A new kind of cationic brush‐like terpolymer was synthesized by copper(I)‐mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (mPEGMA), poly(propylene glycol) methacrylate (PPGMA) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in the presence of ethyl α‐bromoisobutyrate as ATRP initiator. The poly(PEG/PPG/DMAEMA) terpolymer was featured with a cationic backbone containing PDMAEMA segments and amphiphilic side chains composed of hydrophilic PEG and hydrophobic PPG short branches. The copolymer was characterized by ¹H NMR, Fourier transform IR and gel permeation chromatography. The thickening behavior of this copolymer in a surfactant system (sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) was extensively investigated by a rheological study. It was found that the copolymer can effectively thicken the SDS surfactant system at low concentrations of both copolymer and surfactant. More interestingly, the thickened SDS system by this copolymer showed dramatic pH responsive rheological behavior in the pH range 4–10. Thus the rheological behavior of the thickened SDS system was tunable by pH value. Based on our findings, a novel thickening mechanism is proposed for this kind of cationic brush‐like terpolymer. This kind of cationic brush‐like copolymer would be a new type of rheology modifier for advanced hair/skin care systems. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

Study on rheological behavior of vinyl ester resin during thickening

With excellent mechanical property, thickening and curing performance, vinyl ester resin (VE) has been widely used as a resin matrix of sheet molding compound (SMC). The rheological behavior of vinyl ester resin during thickening process was investigated by rotational rheometer. It showed that the initiator affected the rheological behaviors of the resin significantly, which should be inhibited by rapid thickening rate. By introducing the gel point for thickening process, the optimization principle of thickener was established. Both single thickeners cannot meet the thickening requirement considering their thickening mechanisms which were confirmed by Fourier infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Complex thickener was proposed with its optimal ratio determined as 1.2% MgO to 3.0% TDI by the optimization principle. It was demonstrated that complex thickening system had excellent performance in thickening and antithickening behaviors as well as extended storage life of more than 60 days. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:239–247, 2018. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

新型增稠剂YES在液洗产品中的应用

YES增稠剂是一种阴离子型脂肪醇丙烯酸酯共聚物,专为表面活性剂体系而设计的新型液体增稠剂。对YES的增稠性能、耐盐性、泡沫性能与常用增稠表面活性剂6501、CAB和OA-30等作对比,同时研究了pH值变化以及温度变化对YES增稠剂增稠体系黏度的影响。结果表明,YES增稠剂具有良好的增稠性能和广泛的pH值应用范围,同时具有很好的泡沫性、耐温性和耐盐性。     

Rheology of plastisol formulations for coating applications

A plastisol is a suspension of PVC particles and mineral fillers in a liquid phase composed of plasticizer and adjuvants. Plastisol formulations are commonly used in coating processes for flooring application. In the knife‐over‐roll process, they are subjected to a wide range of shear rates (0–10⁵ s^?1). They are adjusted in order to fulfil the target end‐use properties but their processability depends on their rheology. Plastisol based on three PVC resins with or without mineral filler have been investigated using a Couette device and a capillary rheometer. Results show a high impact of PVC particle content, particle sizes and distribution on rheology: a polydisperse formulation displays a shear‐thinning behavior in the whole shear rates range and exhibits yield stress; a monodisperse formulation shows a shear thinning behavior at low shear rate, followed by a Newtonian plateau, then a more or less pronounced dilatancy peak depending on plasticizer rate and finally another shear‐thinning behavior; a bidisperse resin stands in between. Filler content also impacts the rheology: shear thickening effects at intermediate shear rates decrease or even disappear; however, the viscosity increase is important for low shear rates and depends on the filler particle size and particle size distribution. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:982–988, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers     

剪切增稠液体的制备及其性能和应用

综述了以纳米二氧化硅/聚乙二醇(SiO2/PEG)分散体系为代表的剪切增稠液体的制备及其表征和应用情况。表明这些体系在低剪切速率下出现剪切变稀现象,而在高剪切速率下会出现剪切增稠现象,适用于防弹、减震等应用方面材料,特别在个体防护方面有很重要的应用。指出剪切增稠液体与芳纶织物复合的防弹材料在保持穿着舒适性和灵活性的前提下,比纯芳纶织物有更好的防护效果。此外还有纳米碳酸钙/聚乙二醇(CaCO3/PEG)分散体系等也是剪切增稠液体。     

两段浓缩、两段回收模式的煤泥水流程

介绍了选煤厂通常采用的单段浓缩、单段回收模式的煤泥水处理流程存在的局限性,阐述了两段浓缩、两段回收模式煤泥水处理流程中四个作业的主要作用及工艺要求,根据多年的设计经验和选煤厂生产实践,对煤泥水浓缩及粗、细煤泥脱水回收设备的选型提出了看法和建议。