苯乙炔的合成研究

苯乙烯与溴在四氯化碳中于１０～１５℃反应生成１,２ 二溴乙苯,后者与氢氧化钾在甲醇中回流脱溴化氢生成苯乙炔,总收率６０％。     

4-乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺的工艺改进

以苯胺为原料，合成4－乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺。在氯磺化反 引入四氯化碳溶剂，在反应后期加入氯化钠。用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比：n(乙酰苯胺）；n（氯磺酸）：n（氯化钠）＝1．0：4．3：0．4。改进后，氯磺化反应的收率由80％提高到86．73％，物料稀释温度和氨解打浆温度由5℃提高到15℃，节省了能源。     

4,4''''-双苯并唑二苯乙烯的合成

以对氰基苄基氯、邻氨基苯酚和对醛基苯基苯并噁唑为原料，经加成环化、酯化、缩合三步反应，合成了荧光增白剂双苯并噁唑二苯乙烯。重点讨论了酯化、缩合两步反应的优化条件，在n(对氯甲基苯基苯并噁唑)：n(亚磷酸三乙酯)=1：4，反应温度165℃，反应时间5h下，酯化收率可达92％；在n(苯并噁唑基苄基膦酸二乙酯)：n(对醛基苯基苯并噁唑)：n(甲醇钠)=1：1：1．6，反应温度20℃，反应时间8h下，缩合收率达到91％以上。双苯并噁唑二苯乙烯产品纯度大于99％，并用元素分析、红外光谱以及紫外吸收光谱对所得的化合物进行了表征。     

由苯乙烯合成肉桂酸

本文以氯化亚铜和二乙胺作催化剂，使四氯化碳与苯乙烯发生加成反应生成１，３，３，３－四氯丙基苯，该中间体在对甲苯磺酸、硫酸和醋酸作用下水解生成肉桂酸，两步反应的收率分别为７８％、９５％。     

苯乙烯合成肉桂酸

以氯化亚铜和二乙胺作催化剂，四氯化碳与苯乙烯发生加成反应，生成１，３，３，３－四氯丙基苯（Ⅰ），收率为７９％，中间体（Ⅰ）于硫酸锌－醋酸体系中水解７．５ｈ，生成肉桂酸（Ⅱ），收率为９０％，在对甲基苯磺酸、硫酸、醋酸体系中水解１５ｈ，收率为９２％。     

4-硝基-N-甲基-邻苯二甲酰亚胺的合成新工艺研究

研究了以甲苯为溶剂，邻苯二甲酸酐、甲胺、硝酸为原料合成4—硝基—N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺的方法，讨论了反应温度、溶剂、原料配比和反应时间等对反应产率的影响。结果表明：n(邻苯二甲酸酐)：n(甲胺)=1：1．25，在回流下反应5h，苯酐转化率达95％，N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺收率为94％。N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺硝化工艺为：n(N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺)：n(硝酸)=1：1．1，混酸配比为n(浓硫酸)：n(硝酸)=3：1，在20～25℃、0．5h内加完，然后在55～60℃反应4h，可得4—硝基—N—甲基—邻苯二甲酰亚胺。其含量为98％，收率81％。通过红外光谱对产品进行了表征。     

对乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺合成工艺的改进

以苯胺为母体合成对乙酰氨基苯磺酰胺，在氯磺化反应中引入四氯化碳作溶剂，在反应后期加入氯化钠．用正交实验确定了最佳原料配比：n（乙酰苯胺）：n（氯磺酸）：n（氯化钠）=1．0：4．3：0．4．工艺改进后．氯磺化反应的收率由80．00％提高到了86．73％．物料稀释温度和氨解打浆温度由5℃提高到了13℃，节省了能源，方便了生产．     

碘化钠催化合成1,4-二乙氧基苯的研究

以乙醇为溶剂，碘化钠为催化剂，由金属钠，对苯二酚和溴乙烷合成了1，4－二乙氧基苯，考察了影响收率的因素，最佳合成条件为：物料溴乙烷：对苯二酚：金属钠：碘化钠（摩尔比）为2．5：1：2．2：0．13，反应在回流温度下进行，反应时间2h，收率可达92．8％。     

氟代苯腈系列化合物的合成研究

以氯代苯腈(2,6-二氯苯腈、2-氯苯腈和4-氯苯腈)和无水氟化钾为原料,非质子极性溶剂(环丁砜、1,3-二甲基-2．咪唑啉酮等)为反应介质,经氟化反应合成了相应的氟代苯腈(2,6-二氟苯腈、2-氟苯腈和4-氟苯腈)。得出的最佳合成条件为：n(CBN)：n(KF)：n(Solv)：n(Cat．)=1：2．5～3．0：4．5～8．8：0～0．006,反应温度为230～280℃,反应时间为2．0～4．5h。产品摩尔收率分别为93．5％、91．8％、90．5％,质量分数分别为99．5％、99．1％、99．0％。     

相转移催化合成苯甲醇的工艺研究

以氯化苄、碳酸钙为主要原料，在相转移催化剂的作用下水解得到苯甲醇，通过单因素实验，得到优化的工艺条件为：氯化苄：碳酸钙：水：催化剂（质量比）=1：1：5．2：0．02，反应温度：100℃，反应时间：12h，其收率可达94．4％，产品经气相色谱定量分析，纯度可达到99．3％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.